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1.
Computed tomography (CT) continues to become more widely available for assessment of tumors in dogs, yet there are no studies describing the CT appearance of canine liposarcomas. In this retrospective, multicenter study, CT images of dogs with histologically confirmed liposarcomas were reviewed for size, location, attenuation, contrast enhancement, border definition, internal homogeneity, local infiltration, and mineralization. A total of 24 dogs with 26 liposarcomas were sampled. Mean attenuation was +15.2 (SD = 22.3) Hounsfield units (HU) with a range of –36 to +47.5 HU based on representative regions of interest. Twenty tumors (77%) contained focal areas of fat attenuation. All masses enhanced with contrast medium administration, which is distinct from what has been reported previously in infiltrative lipomas. Other CT features associated with canine liposarcomas included heterogeneous internal attenuation (81%) and lack of a clearly defined capsule (38%) suggesting infiltration of local structures. Six tumors (23%) had foci of mineralization. Findings from the current study indicated that liposarcoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for mixed‐attenuation, contrast‐enhancing masses in dogs that contain at least one focus of fat attenuation on precontrast images; however, presence of foci of fat attenuation was not a necessary finding for the diagnosis of canine liposarcoma.  相似文献   

2.
Due to its many advantages, interest in intranasal vaccination of domestic mammals and humans is currently increasing. Successful stimulation of the immune system by intranasal vaccines requires, however, the presence of lymphoid tissue in the nasal cavity. This nasal cavity-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) has already been described in humans and many laboratory rodents, but data about rabbits are very scarce. For this purpose, histological sections of the nasal cavities of 10 female adult New Zealand White rabbits were examined for the presence of lymphoid tissue. Primary (I) and secondary (II) lymphoid follicles divided by interfollicular regions were mainly present at the bottom of the ventral nasal meatus and the nasopharyngeal meatus from 1 to 3.3 cm from the tip of the nose. In this region intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes, and isolated lymphoid follicles (ILF's) were additionally seen at the dorsal and dorsolateral sides of the nasopharyngeal meatus and within the mucosae of the nasal conchae and the lateral nasal walls. Intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes, and ILF's were, just like in humans, randomly distributed along the entire nasal mucosa. The rabbit NALT is more voluminous compared to rodents in which lymphoid tissue is only present at the bottom of the nasopharyngeal meatus. Since the relative volume of the rabbit nasal cavity is also similar to that of humans, the rabbit could be a valuable research model not only for animal but also for human intranasal vaccine development.  相似文献   

3.
The Bactrian camel is an important domestic animal in some of the desert and semi-desert areas of the world. However, there is no detailed report about the nervous supply to the nasal cavity of the Bactrian camel. In the present study, seven heads of adult Bactrian camels were collected and the nerve distribution in the nasal cavity was dissected grossly. The results demonstrated that the nerves supplying to the nasal cavity included the olfactory nerve, the ethmoidal nerve from the ophthalmic nerve, and the caudal nerve from the maxillary nerve. The general patterns of nervous distribution in the nasal cavity of the Bactrian camel corresponded with those of other domestic animals. However, the terminal nerve was not observed by this gross anatomical method in the Bactrian camel.  相似文献   

4.
Hepatitis E is a human disease mainly characterized by acute liver illness, which is caused by infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV). Large hepatitis E outbreaks have been described in developing countries; however, the disease is also increasingly recognized in industrialized countries. Mortality rates up to 25% have been described for pregnant women during outbreaks in developing countries. In addition, chronic disease courses could be observed in immunocompromised transplant patients. Whereas the HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are mainly confined to humans, genotypes 3 and 4 are also found in animals and can be zoonotically transmitted to humans. Domestic pig and wild boar represent the most important reservoirs for these genotypes. A distinct subtype of genotype 3 has been repeatedly detected in rabbits and a few human patients. Recently, HEV genotype 7 has been identified in dromedary camels and in an immunocompromised transplant patient. The reservoir animals get infected with HEV without showing any clinical symptoms. Besides these well‐known animal reservoirs, HEV‐specific antibodies and/or the genome of HEV or HEV‐related viruses have also been detected in many other animal species, including primates, other mammals and birds. In particular, genotypes 3 and 4 infections are documented in many domestic, wildlife and zoo animal species. In most cases, the presence of HEV in these animals can be explained by spillover infections, but a risk of virus transmission through contact with humans cannot be excluded. This review gives a general overview on the transmission pathways of HEV to humans. It particularly focuses on reported serological and molecular evidence of infections in wild, domestic and zoo animals with HEV or HEV‐related viruses. The role of these animals for transmission of HEV to humans and other animals is discussed.  相似文献   

5.
The clinical findings, pathology and mycology of a cluster of 5 ovine cases of rhinocerebral and nasal zygomycosis caused by Conidiobolus incongruus are described. All cases were in Border Leicester or Merino x Border Leicester ewes from a flock pastured in a low-lying paddock adjoining a small tidal river in subtropical Queensland (latitude 28 degrees S). These cases of zygomycosis are believed to be the first infections due to C incongruus recorded in animals other than humans. The disease was subacute in 4 animals with a course of up to several weeks. In these, the primary site of infection was the posterior nasal cavity. The lesions extended to the dorsum of the face between the eyes, to the orbital cavity and to the anterior brain and meninges in the cranial cavity. In one animal, where the anterior nasal cavity was affected and iodine treatment used, the course was longer. The fungal granulomas had numerous foreign body giant cells, neutrophils and eosinophils. Fungal hyphae were thin walled, 6 to 8 microns in diameter, with occasional septa and irregular branching. They were cuffed with a wide zone of necrotic cell coagulum, or with homogeneous eosinophilic Splendore-Hoeppli granules.  相似文献   

6.
Rhinosporidiosis in a dog   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Rhinosporidiosis was diagnosed in a black and tan coonhound. Clinical signs were characterized by 6 to 8 months of intermittent sneezing. Numerous polypoid nodules were removed from the nasal cavity. Histologic examination of the nodules revealed chronic pyogranulomatous inflammation caused by infection with Rhinosporidium seeberi. Rhinosporidiosis has been reported in human beings, dogs, and several other domestic species. It is an uncommon disease in the United States.  相似文献   

7.
Brucellosis is not a sustainable disease in humans. The source of human infection always resides in domestic or wild animal reservoirs. The routes of infection are multiple: food-borne, occupational or recreational, linked to travel and even to bioterrorism. New Brucella strains or species may emerge and existing Brucella species adapt to changing social, cultural, travel and agricultural environment. Brucella melitensis is the most important zoonotic agent, followed by Brucella abortus and Brucella suis. This correlates with the fact that worldwide, the control of bovine brucellosis (due to B. abortus) has been achieved to a greater extent than the control of sheep and goat brucellosis (due to B. melitensis), these latter species being the most important domestic animals in many developing countries. The long duration and high cost of treatment of human brucellosis reduces the efficacy of the therapy. There is no human vaccine for brucellosis and the occurrence of brucellosis is directly linked to the status of animal brucellosis in a region. In this context, the Word Health Organization has defined the development of a human vaccine, besides the implementation of control and eradication programs in animals, as a high priority. The pathogenicity for humans of B. suis biovars 1, 3 and 4 is well established, whereas B. suis biovar 2 seems to be less pathogenic. Indeed, although hunters and pig farmers have repeatably experienced infectious contact with B. suis biovar 2 (found in wild boar and outdoor-rearing pigs in Europe), isolation of B. suis biovar 2 from human samples have only been seldom reported. Marine mammal brucellosis, due to two new proposed Brucella species i.e. B. cetaceae and B. pinnipediae, represents a new zoonotic threat but the pathogenicity for humans of the different Brucella species found in cetaceans and pinnipeds still has to be clearly established.  相似文献   

8.
Primary cardiac neoplasms are rare in humans and animals. In humans, the most common primary cardiac tumor is the myxoma, which is frequently found in the left atrium. Cardiac myxoma has been reported in the dog but not in the cat. We describe the gross, immunohistochemical, and light microscopic examination of a myxoma in the right atrium of a 6-year-old domestic shorthair cat. Histologically, the tumor consisted predominantly of mesenchymal cells with several foci of bone and cartilage present. The tumor was encapsulated and benign.  相似文献   

9.
Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare tumour of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses that arises from the olfactory neuroepithelium and has unpredictable clinical course. As the sense of smell is phylogenetically one of the first senses and olfactory neuroepithelium is evolutionary conserved with striking similarities among different species, we performed an extensive analysis of the literature in order to evaluate the similarities and differences between animals and humans on the clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and molecular level. Our analysis revealed that ONB was reported mainly in mammals and showed striking similarities to human ONB. These observations provide rationale for introduction of therapy modalities used in humans into the veterinary medicine. Animal models of neuroblastoma should be considered for the preclinical studies evaluating novel therapies for ONB.  相似文献   

10.
Clostridia are not normally considered to be zoonotic pathogens, although many species affect both humans and domestic animals. Three cases in which organisms occur, possibly via direct or indirect transmission, in both food animals and humans are considered here. Strains of Clostridium perfringens that produce enterotoxin (CPE) are typically transmitted to humans in contaminated, improperly handled foods. Pathogenesis is based upon action of CPE in the intestine, and disease is usually self-limiting. Infection of domestic animals by CPE-producing C. perfringens is uncommon. C. perfringens type C is best known as a pathogen of neonatal domestic animals, which acquire the infection from the dam. The course may be peracute, and prevention by vaccination of the dam is universally advocated. Humans consuming meat contaminated with type C may develop enteritis necroticans, with segmental hemorrhagic and necrotic jejunitis, which must usually be treated by bowel resection. Clostridium difficile is a pathogen of both humans and domestic animals. Examination of retail meats by bacteriologic culture has revealed genotypes of C. difficile that in many cases are identical to those from food animals and diseased humans. Transmission, food animals to foods to humans, has not been documented.  相似文献   

11.
Necrotoxic Escherichia coli (NTEC) were originally defined as strains of E. coli producing a toxin called cytotoxic necrotising factor (CNF). Two types of CNF have been identified, each of them being genetically linked to several other specific virulence markers, a situation that allows the definition of two distinct homogeneous categories of NTEC called NTEC-1 and NTEC-2. CNF1 and CNF2 are highly homologous holoproteins containing 1,014 amino acids that exert both lethal and necrotic activities in vivo and induce multinucleation and actin stress fibres in cell cultures. The activity of CNFs on mammal cells is due to their ability to constitutively activate by deamidation the Rho proteins, a family of small GTPases that regulate the physiology of the cell cytoskeleton. In NTEC-1, the gene encoding CNF1 belongs to a pathogenicity island which also comprises the genes encoding for alpha-haemolysin and P-fimbriae. In NTEC-2 strains, CNF2 is encoded by a plasmid that also encodes, in 100% of the isolates, a new member of the cytolethal distending toxin family (CDT-III) and in about 50% of the isolates, the F17b-fimbrial adhesin that confers the ability to adhere to calf intestinal villi. The presence of CDT is also suspected in a large majority of NTEC-1 strains. NTEC-1 strains can be found in humans and in all species of domestic mammals, whereas NTEC-2 strains have only been reported in ruminants. The implication of NTEC strains has been clearly established in extra-intestinal infections of humans and animals, for instance in urinary tract infections for NTEC-1 strains. Their role in severe dysenteric syndromes, both in humans and animals, is substantiated by several clinical reports, but there is little published information on this pathogenicity in animal models of infection. The combined production of several powerful toxins (haemolysin, CNF, CDT) by NTEC strains makes them, however, potentially aggressive pathogens which deserve to be searched for on a larger scale. Moreover, NTEC-1 from man and animals appear to be highly related according to available molecular markers, which indicates that domestic animals could constitute reservoirs of NTEC strains which are pathogenic for humans.  相似文献   

12.
Parasitism in llamas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Llamas in North America are infected with a number of helminth parasites, including: gastrointestinal nematodes, lungworms, meningeal worms, tapeworms, and flukes. Most of these helminths can be treated with the anthelmintic currently used to treat cattle and sheep. At least two protozoan parasites, coccidia and toxoplasma, have been reported in the llamas in North America. Coccidia can be controlled with the anticoccidial drugs used to control these organisms in other domestic animals. Toxoplasma has been reported uncommonly in llamas in North America and control is very difficult. Several external parasites occur in llamas in North America, including lice, mites, ticks, and the deer nasal bot. Except for the deer nasal bot, the other external parasites in the llama can be treated with pesticides approved for use in cattle.  相似文献   

13.
Hepatic biliary cystadenoma is a well-delineated neoplasm in some domestic animals, especially in cats, but it has not been reported in equines. We report on a case of hepatic biliary tumor, incidentally found in a 10-year-old horse, with gross and microscopic features similar to those observed in biliary adenofibroma of humans. The tumor presented as a solid mass measuring 16 cm in diameter and histologically was composed of complex tubulocystic biliary components embedded in an abundant fibrotic stroma. We regarded this tumor as a morphological variant of biliary cystadenoma of domestic animals. Differential diagnoses from other hepatic biliary tumor-like and tumor lesions are provided.  相似文献   

14.
Progress of genome wide association study in domestic animals   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
ABSTRACT: Domestic animals are invaluable resources for study of the molecular architecture of complex traits. Although the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for economically important traits in domestic animals has achieved remarkable results in recent decades, not all of the genetic variation in the complex traits has been captured because of the low density of markers used in QTL mapping studies. The genome wide association study (GWAS), which utilizes high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), provides a new way to tackle this issue. Encouraging achievements in dissection of the genetic mechanisms of complex diseases in humans have resulted from the use of GWAS. At present, GWAS has been applied to the field of domestic animal breeding and genetics, and some advances have been made. Many genes or markers that affect economic traits of interest in domestic animals have been identified. In this review, advances in the use of GWAS in domestic animals are described.  相似文献   

15.
A 5-month-old female chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) was evaluated for failure to thrive, difficulty drinking, and respiratory signs. Physical examination demonstrated a thin body condition score, purulent nasal and ocular discharge, and an abnormal facial appearance. Endoscope-guided oral examination and computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated a cleft soft palate, absent nasal turbinates, and bilateral otitis media. The animal was euthanized and necropsy confirmed the diagnosis of palatoschisis (cleft palate) of the soft palate. Other relevant postmortem findings included otitis media, interna, and externa, bony bullae proliferative changes, absent nasal turbinates and rhinosinusitis. Congenital abnormalities are rarely reported in chinchillas. While cleft palates have been reported in many other domestic animals, there are no published reports of this condition in chinchillas to the best of the authors’ knowledge.  相似文献   

16.
A 10-year-old male domestic shorthaired cat had a chronic, slowly enlarging subcutaneous mass on the right side of its nose. At the time of presentation, the nasal airflow was severely impeded on the affected side. The cat had been treated medically with various drugs. Oral itraconazole had been the most effective in reducing the size of the mass, but had caused hepatotoxicity and had to be withdrawn. The mass was finally removed surgically, and a diagnosis of granulomatous cellulitis caused by Alternaria alternata (phaeohyphomycosis) was established, based on histopathology and fungal isolation. There has been no recurrence of the lesion after 21 months and the cat remains clinically well at the time of writing. Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by A alternata has not, to the authors' knowledge, been previously described in small domestic animals in the UK.  相似文献   

17.
This study was conducted on nine heads of normal adult one-humped camels. The specimens were collected from Cairo slaughterhouse. The nasal cavity in the freshly collected samples were dissected and photographed. The specimens for microscopic studies were fixed in different fixatives and prepared to examine by light and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The nasal cavity of the camel was studied grossly and by using of light and scanning electron microscope. Specimens from different regions of this cavity were subjected to different histological stains and also demonstrated by the acid and alkaline phosphatases. Gross morphological examination of this cavity showed its three parts: rostral part (the nasal vestibule) covered with skin of usual structure then it lined with smooth mucosa. The middle part (respiratory) had dorsal, middle and ventral nasal conchae, but the caudal part (olfactory) contained the ethmoidal concha. The lining mucosa of the camel nasal cavity was similar to that of other mammals, but there were some differences: the respiratory epithelium showed a small number of goblet cells and there were a mixture of acidic and neutral mucins inside the epithelial and glandular mucous cells. Strong acid and alkaline phosphatase reaction was observed in the lining epithelium of the nasal cavity. By SEM, it showed the surface epithelial layer of the nasal cavity mucosa in three regions (vestibule, respiratory and olfactory) and resulted that it was stratified cuboidal to columnar epithelium, ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with few goblet cells or olfactory mucosa containing neurosensory olfactory cells. This study aimed to investigate the anatomical features, the histological and histochemical structures of the nasal cavity in one humped camel. The findings of this study were discussed with the previous works in this field with the other domestic animals.  相似文献   

18.
The research field of “Toxicologic Pathology” evaluates potentially toxic chemical exposures and chemically mediated illnesses in humans and experimental animals. Comparative studies of chemical exposures between model organisms and humans are essential for the risk assessment of chemicals and human health. Here we review the development and activities of the Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology (JSTP) during its 37-year history. Toxicological pathology studies provide many interesting and valuable findings. Rodent cancer bioassay data demonstrate the importance of dose levels, times, and duration of exposures to chemicals that possibly cause human cancers. Studies of toxic injuries in the nasal cavity demonstrate that specific chemical compounds affect different target cells and tissues. These observations are relevant for current air pollution studies in the preventive medicine field. Future toxicological pathology studies will be enhanced by applying molecular pathology with advanced observation techniques. In addition to the nasal cavity, another sense organ such as the tongue should be a potential next program of our mission for risk assessment of inhaled and ingested chemicals. As a message to the younger members of the JSTP, interdisciplinary and global cooperation should be emphasized. Elucidating the mechanisms of toxicologic pathology with a combination of advanced expertise in genetics and molecular biology offers promise for future advances by JSTP members.  相似文献   

19.
The countries of southeastern Europe including the Balkan region and bordering countries - Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Hungary, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, and the European part of Turkey - occupy a very important strategic position and represent a land bridge between Europe and Asia. In the majority of southeastern European countries, cases of trichinellosis among the human and animal populations were described in the late 19th or early 20th centuries. Trichinella infections among wildlife were also described in the aforementioned countries. Today, the prevalence of trichinellosis is different between the Balkans and bordering countries. A high prevalence of trichinellosis in domestic animals and humans has been reported in Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro, Romania and Croatia. A moderate prevalence was found in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In Hungary, human trichinellosis has not been present for a long period of time. However, sporadic cases were recorded in swine over the last 2 years. Trichinellosis has not been found among domestic animals and humans in Greece and Macedonia in recent years while in Turkey and Slovenia human trichinellosis is sporadic. The re-emergence of trichinellosis is connected with the changes in the social and political systems in Bulgaria and Romania. In Serbia and Montenegro as well in Croatia, however, a re-emergence of trichinellosis was due not only to political and social changes but also to wars that took place in these countries during the last years of the 20th century. Social, economic and political factors responsible for the re-emergence of trichinellosis in southeast European countries are discussed in this communication.  相似文献   

20.
Clinical disease caused by feline herpesvirus type-1 in wild felid species is similar to that in domestic cats. Herpesviruses are endemic in free-ranging lions in South Africa but actual clinical disease due to them has not been reported in free-ranging felids. The first reports of feline herpesvirus infection associated with clinical disease in wild felids came from Australia and the USA in 1970. Subsequent reports of clinical disease in cheetahs and other wild felid species were limited to captive animals. This report deals with clinical disease in a group of semi-captive cheetahs in which 18 animals were affected, and included 12 adult males, 4 adult females and 2 subadults. No mortalities occurred in this group, the most common clinical signs being sneezing, nasal discharge and loss of appetite.  相似文献   

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