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1.
Several pharmaceutical compounds were evaluated for their ability to selectively inhibit activated coagulation factor-XIII-like enzyme activity (eg, XIIIa*) in pooled equine plasma. Presence of coagulation factor-XIIIa*-like enzyme activity in plasma was established by assay procedures involving incorporation of the fluorescent amine compound, monodansylcadaverine, into purified casein, which served as a protein substrate. Pharmaceuticals inhibitory to coagulation factor-XIIIa*-like enzyme activity were recognized by plasma gel formation of high spectrophotometric transmittance (transparency), solubility of transparent fibrin gels in concentrated urea solution, in conjunction with simultaneous depletion of native fibrinogen fractions, and production of fibrin monomer. Compounds acting primarily as anticoagulants were recognized by lack of plasma gel formation, but retaining high spectrophotometric transmittance and no detectable depletion of native fibrinogen fractions. Compounds failing to inhibit either thrombin-mediated fibrinogen-fibrin transformation (ie, coagulation) or coagulation factor-XIIIa*-like enzyme activity were recognized by opaque plasma gels caused by fibrin polymerization, low spectrophotometric transmittance values, and coinciding with depletion of native fibrinogen fractions. Pharmaceuticals capable of exerting selective inhibition of coagulation factor-XIIIa*-like enzyme activity were further classified as competitive inhibitors of phase 1 (carbamide) or phase 2 (terminal amine) of the transglutamination process.  相似文献   

2.
BACKGROUND: In humans and experimental animals, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) causes fibrin deposition in several organs, which eventually leads to ischemia and multiorgan failure. HYPOTHESIS: Horses who died or were euthanized for severe gastrointestinal disorders could have fibrin deposits in different tissues. ANIMALS: Tissue-organ samples collected during postmortem examinations on 66 colic horses with poor prognoses (eg, severe intestinal ischemia, enteritis, peritonitis), from 11 colic horses with good prognoses (eg, large-colon obstruction or displacement), and from 16 slaughter horses. METHODS: Tissue samples (kidney, lung, liver) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin for a blinded histologic examination. A fibrin score (grades 0 to 4) was established for each tissue sample and for each horse. RESULTS: Fibrin deposits were found in tissue specimens of 11 of 27 of horses (40.7%) in the ischemic group, 8 of 21 in the enteritis group (38.1%), and 7 of 18 in the peritonitis group (39.0%), whereas none of the horses in the obstructive group (n = 11) and only 1 horse in the slaughter group (n = 16) had fibrin deposits in their tissues. In addition, the mean fibrin score values for the ischemic, enteritis, and peritonitis groups (1.3 +/- 1.7, 1.1 +/- 1.6, and 0.9 +/- 1.3, respectively) were statistically higher than those for the obstructive and slaughter groups (0.0 +/- 0.0 and 0.1 +/- 0.5, respectively). The largest fibrin deposits were found in the lungs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Horses with severe gastrointestinal disorders have fibrin deposits that are consistent with capillary microthrombosis, multiorgan failure, and DIC.  相似文献   

3.
Antigen-specific challenge of equine leukocytes induced the non-lytic release of a platelet-activating factor in vitro. The equine platelet-activating factor stimulated the release of serotonin from equine platelets in a dose-responsive manner, independent of the presence of cyclo-oxygenase pathway inhibitors such as indomethacin. Rabbit platelets were also responsive to equine platelet-activating factor. The release of equine platelet-activating factor was a rapid reaction with near maximal secretion taking place in 30 seconds. Addition of equine platelet-activating factor to washed equine platelets stimulated platelet aggregation which could not be inhibited by the presence of aspirin or indomethacin. Platelets pre-incubated with equine platelet-activating factor became specifically desensitized to equine platelet-activating factor while remaining responsive to other platelet stimuli such as collagen and epinephrine. The following biochemical properties of equine platelet-activating factor are identical to those properties of 1-0-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (AGEPC): stability upon exposure to air and acid; loss of functional activity after base-catalyzed methanolysis with subsequent acylation that returned all functional activity; and identical relative mobilities on silica gel G plates developed with chloroform:methanol:water (65:35:6, volume/volume). The combined functional and biochemical characteristics of equine platelet-activating factor strongly suggest identity between this naturally occurring, immunologically derived equine factor and AGEPC.  相似文献   

4.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate haemostatic function in cattle with abomasal displacement (AD) and to reflect the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Ten adult cattle with left displacement of abomasum (LDA) (group I), 10 adult cattle with right displacement of abomasum with volvulus (RDA) (group II) and 10 clinically healthy adult cattle (control group) were used as material. Numbers of platelets (PLT) and coagulation tests (activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), serum fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs), fibrinogen) were measured before the surgical treatment of cattle with LDA and RDA. APTT was prolonged only in group II compared with the control and group I (p<0.05). However, when the individual values of coagulation profiles of each cow were evaluated, two cattle in group I and three cattle in group II had at least three abnormal coagulation profiles, which reflect the occurrence of DIC. These cattle died after surgical treatment. The two cattle with LDA had abnormal APTT, FDPs and PLT values; three cattle with RDA had abnormal APTT, PT, TT, FDPs and PLT values. APTT (5 cases), FDPs (5 cases) and thrombocytopenia (5 cases) were the three most common abnormal tests on coagulation profile in the cattle with LDA and RDA. The results of the study indicate that cattle with AD had a spectrum of haemostatic dysfunction and that DIC was a significant risk factor for mortality.  相似文献   

5.
Thrombotic disorders are common in the critically ill adult horse. Jugular vein phlebitis/thrombophlebitis, laminitis and organ, eg, colonic and/or pulmonary vessel thrombosis, are all important thrombotic disorders in the horse. Bleeding disorders are most commonly caused by thrombocytopenia or rupture of a large vessel. The measurement of clotting times, platelet number and function, fibrin degradation products and specific coagulation proteins, eg, Antithrombin III, can be routinely performed on the critically ill horse. Treatments for thrombotic disorders include fluids, plasma, anticoagulants and fibrinolytic enzymes. Treatments for bleeding disorders include fluids, blood products, aminocaproic acid, in addition to surgical repair or occlusion of an injured large vessel.  相似文献   

6.
The purpose of the study reported here was to evaluate the haemostatic function in calves with suspected septic shock and to reflect the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Twenty-six calves suspected of having septic shock (experimental group) and 10 clinically healthy calves (control group) were used. On admission, the experimental group of calves had been ill for an average of 2 days. Therapy was applied to the experimental group of calves. The packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) counts were determined. Blood smears for toxic neutrophil and schistocyte intensity were evaluated. For the coagulation profile, plasma activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) values were determined. Toxic neutrophils in blood smears were observed in 12 calves of the experimental group. APTT was prolonged in the experimental group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Fibrinogen concentration was found to be higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Total leukocyte counts were higher in the experimental group compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Platelet counts in the experimental group were lower than the control group (p < 0.001). However, when the individual values of coagulation profiles of each calf were evaluated, 8 calves had at least three abnormal coagulation profiles (APTT >72 s, PT >34.5 s, TT >33.7 s, FDPs >5 microg/ml, PLT < or = 150 x 10(3)/mm(3)) and abnormal erythrocyte morphology (schistocytes > or = 1). The most common abnormal tests in the coagulation profile were APTT and PT (7 cases), FDPs (6 cases), thrombocytopenia (4 cases), and schistocytes in blood smears (8 cases) in these 8 calves. The results of this study indicate that DIC might be a significant risk factor for mortality in calves with suspected septic shock.  相似文献   

7.
Background: Coagulation disorders are frequently diagnosed, especially in hospitalized equidae, and result in increased morbidity and mortality. However, hemostatic reference intervals have not been established for donkeys yet. Objectives: To determine whether the most common coagulation parameters used in equine practice are different between healthy donkeys and horses. Animals: Thirty‐eight healthy donkeys and 29 healthy horses. Methods: Blood samples were collected to assess both coagulation and fibrinolytic systems by determination of platelet count, fibrinogen concentration, clotting times (prothrombin time [PT] and activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT]), fibrin degradation products (FDP) and D‐Dimer concentrations. Results: PT and aPTT in donkeys were significantly (P < .05) shorter than those of horses. In contrast, FDP and D‐Dimer concentrations were significantly (P < .05) higher in donkeys than in horses. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The coagulation parameters most commonly determined in equine practice are different in donkeys compared with horses. Thus, the use of normal reference ranges reported previously for healthy horses in donkeys might lead to a misdiagnosis of coagulopathy in healthy donkeys, and unnecessary treatments in sick donkeys. This is the first report of normal coagulation profile results in donkeys, and further studies are warranted to elucidate the physiological mechanisms of the differences observed between donkeys and horses.  相似文献   

8.
Activation of coagulation can be frequently found in horses with colic. However, it has also been demonstrated as a sequela of surgical trauma alone in humans. The purpose of the present study was to determine changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis in horses that underwent colic surgery and to evaluate whether these changes were secondary to the colic or the surgery and wound healing. Thirty horses that underwent colic surgery with uncomplicated recovery were included. Ten horses with a Forssell's procedure served as control group with a standardized surgical trauma. Besides daily physical examinations during the observation period of 10 days, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time and thrombin time as well as fibrin monomer (FM), D-Dimer (DD) and antithrombin (AT) III were determined. Compared with the control group the aPTT was the only standard coagulation test that was significantly prolonged before and after the event of colic surgery. After surgery, hyperfibrinogenaemia occurred in all groups. In colic groups FM and DD concentrations were within reference range at admission,and were significantly greater than in control horses after surgery. AT III activity decreased after colic surgery, but did not change in the control group. It was concluded that an activated coagulation state after colic surgery has to be expected, resulting not only from the colic disease, but also from the event of surgery.  相似文献   

9.
BACKGROUND: Histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques have been used to detect fibrin deposits in different tissues in humans and experimental animal models with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Fibrin deposits also have been observed in horses with severe ischemic and inflammatory disorders by histochemical stainings (phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin [PTAH]). HYPOTHESIS: Immunohistochemical (IHC) methods can be used to accurately detect fibrin deposits in horses at risk of DIC. ANIMALS: Tissue-organ samples collected on postmortem examination from 87 horses with severe inflammatory and ischemic gastrointestinal disorders. In addition, tissue samples from 13 horses with colic and colonic obstructions or displacements and from 13 slaughter horses were used as controls. METHODS: Tissue samples (kidney, lung, and liver) were stained with PTAH and IHC for blinded histologic examination and comparison. A fibrin score (grades 0 to 4) was established for each tissue sample and for each horse for both techniques. RESULTS: When the IHC method was used, fibrin deposition was observed in 47.1% of the horses with colic with a poor prognosis, compared with 41.4% with PTAH. An agreement of 70% was achieved when both methods were compared, and the lung was confirmed as the most affected organ. Almost none of the colic and slaughter control horses had fibrin deposits in their tissues. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: IHC technique for fibrin antigens was very effective in the detection and identification of fibrin deposits in equine tissues and may be a reliable technique for the postmortem diagnosis of DIC.  相似文献   

10.
BACKGROUND: Veterinary clinical and anatomic pathologists play a critical role in assessing the safety of new molecules. The process for evaluation of candidate molecules in drug discovery may vary markedly, depending on the unique characteristics of the compound class. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this report is to describe the evaluation process for assessing the potential toxicity of 2 anticoagulant compounds that were representative of molecules tested in early screening studies in Fisher rats, and to use these studies as an example of the strategic approach used by veterinary pathologists in pharmaceutical safety assessment. METHODS: Groups of 3 rats were given vehicle alone or one of several doses of compound A or B by oral gavage daily for 4 consecutive days. Survival; clinical signs; body and organ weight measurements; hematologic, coagulation, and clinical biochemical testing; and gross and histologic findings at necropsy were assessed. Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize unique findings in the liver of rats treated with compound B. RESULTS: Both compounds caused dose-dependent prolongation of the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and thrombin clotting time (TCT). Hepatobiliary and intestinal toxicity were identified by alterations in serum chemistry data, and by histopathologic findings. Electron microscopy and tissue inorganic phosphorus analysis revealed phospholipidosis in rats treated with compound B. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacologically mediated or "on target" effects for these molecules were characterized by dose-progressive prolongation of the PT, APTT, and TCT. Nonpharmacologically mediated or "off-target" toxicity consisted of hepatoxicity and enterotoxicity. These liabilities required that scientists alter the original molecular scaffold to reach the desired therapeutic target and minimize toxicity.  相似文献   

11.
Platelets and fibrin play an important role in the coagulation process where they are involved in the maintenance of haemostasis. Fibrin dysfunction is associated with the development of vascular complications, while proneness to the formation of tight and rigid fibrin networks is independently associated with thrombotic disease. Rabbits have long been used successfully as animal models, and are often the species of choice for models of antithrombotic efficacy. It was previously shown that rabbit and human platelet and fibrin morphology are very similar in ultrastructure and fibrin fibre thickness. It was also previously reported that the thin minor fibres forms a thick fine network cover over the major fibres during pregnancy. According to research, white blood cell counts also changes during pregnancy and stays changed for up to 6 weeks post-partum; where the number of neutrophils increased, and the number of lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils decreased. Here, we show that the same ultrastructure and white blood cell count changes occur in lactating rabbits (4 weeks post-partum). We therefore suggest that a rabbit morphology model studying platelet and fibrin morphology can be used successfully, either to study the effect of pharmaceutical products to be used during lactation and pregnancy in humans, or used in veterinary research. Furthermore, the effects of pharmaceutical products on immunology and white blood cell counts can possibly also be used successfully.  相似文献   

12.
Coagulation Abnormalities in 22 Cats with Naturally Occurring Liver Disease   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
Twenty-two cats with liver disease were evaluated for coagulation abnormalities including alterations in prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, factor VII activity, and platelet count. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of coagulation abnormalities in this population of cats, classify abnormalities according to underlying pathogenesis, and determine if serum biochemical parameters typically used as indicatiors of liver disease showed any correlation with the coagulation abnormalities present. Study results indicated that at least 1 coagulation abnormality was present in 82% of the cats. Prolongation of prothrombin time was most common (16/22 cats) and factor VII activity was below reference range (<60%) in 15 cats. When classified according to underlying pathogenesis, vitamin K deficiency was the most common abnormality found (11/22). Other abnormalities were less common and included hepatic synthetic failure (3/22), indeterminate (3/22), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (1/22). Increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was the only biochemical abnormality that showed statistically significant correlation with coagulation abnormalities ( P = .023). Cats with marked increases in ALP activity were more likely to have coagulation abnormalities than those with only mild increases in ALP activity.  相似文献   

13.
The normal hemostatic system is complex yet exquisitely well regulated. Interrelationships exist between responses of the vasculature, circulating platelets, coagulation proteins, and fibrinolytic mechanism. These relationships serve to limit blood loss, preserve tissue perfusion, and stimulate local repair processes. Natural inhibitors of coagulation and fibrinolysis modulate these systems to prevent uncontrolled thrombosis or hemorrhage following pathologic stimuli. Vascular endothelial cells play an important role in the maintenance of a thromboresistant luminal interface with circulating cells and proteins. Normal hemostasis also requires the synthetic, metabolic, and repair processes of the vascular endothelium. The initial vascular response to injury produces brief vasoconstriction and exposes subendothelial substances that attract circulating platelets and activate coagulation proteins. Platelets respond by adherence and aggregation at the site of injury, with subsequent release of substances that mitigate blood loss. Platelet adherence to collagen requires von Willebrand's factor, fibrinogen, fibronectin, and specific glycoprotein receptors on platelet surfaces. Platelet-to-platelet interactions (aggregation) recruit additional platelets to the primary hemostatic plug. Aggregation requires fibrinogen, energy, and calcium. Release of ADP, serotonin, and the contents of intracellular granules as well as generation of prostaglandins prepares platelet surfaces for reactions with the coagulation proteins. Activation of the intrinsic or extrinsic coagulation pathway, or of both, causes formation of fibrin from fibrinogen by means of an elaborate and intricate system that also entraps platelets and activated coagulation proteins. The intrinsic system is activated by the contact of factor XII with a negatively charged surface, most likely collagen. Through a series of reactions with prekallikrein, HMWK, and factors XI, IX, and VIII, the common coagulation pathway is propagated. The extrinsic, or tissue factor, system stimulates both the common pathway and factor IX the intrinsic pathway. Discovery of this stimulation of the intrinsic pathway by factor VII in the extrinsic pathway has stimulated reassessment of the biologic importance of the extrinsic system. The common pathway includes factors X and V and causes thrombin to convert fibrinogen to fibrin. Calcium and platelet phospholipids are substances that have important roles in steps in the coagulation scheme. Once fibrin is formed, factor XIII interacts with the substance, providing a stabilizing effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)  相似文献   

14.
Acute inflammatory diseases, such as colic, septicemia and endotoxemia are common in equines and have been shown to be correlated to vascular injury and thrombosis. In humans with similar thrombotic conditions, P-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1)-mediated platelet-leukocyte adhesion contributes to the pathogenesis of these disorders through the generation of inflammatory mediators and tissue factor. As such, we hypothesized that a P-selectin-PSGL-1 (platelet-leukocyte) interaction, similar to that in humans, may also exist in the horse. The objective of this study was to investigate phenotypic and morphological properties of equine platelet activation with a focus on CD62P (P-selectin) expression and CD62P mediated platelet-leukocyte interactions. To study high levels of platelet activation, we used 1 U/ml thrombin to induce secondary, irreversible aggregation in both human and equine platelets. Addition of glycyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-proline amide (GPRP) prior to thrombin activation blocked fibrin polymerization, allowing the use of flow cytometry to study alpha-granule expression as a measure of platelet activation. Thrombin activation resulted in high levels of activation, measured as P-selectin expression, in both humans and equines. Interestingly, our research illustrates that in healthy horses, P-selectin is also constitutively expressed on 20-25% of resting platelets. This finding is in direct contrast to humans, in which P-selectin expression is negligible (<5%) in the absence of agonist activation. The high baseline level of P-selectin expression among equine platelets may suggest that they are primed for leukocyte adhesion, possibly resulting in prothrombotic conditions. This phenomenon could be of significant clinical relevance, as it may be related to the rapid clinical decline often seen in equine patients with colic and endotoxemia, where vascular injury and thrombotic complications compromise patient survival. Based on these findings, further investigation into the mechanisms of platelet P-selectin-mediated inflammation and platelet-leukocyte mediated vascular injury in the horse appears warranted.  相似文献   

15.
To date, coagulation tests are unable to reflect in vivo coagulation status in the same system, including platelet function, fibrin clot formation, and whole blood flow. The Total Thrombus Analysis System (T-TAS), which is a microfluidic assay that simulates conditions in vivo, measures whole blood flow at defined shear rates under conditions designed to assess platelet function (PL-chip) or coagulation and fibrin clot formation (AR-chip). The T-TAS records occlusion start time, occlusion time, and area under the curve. We evaluated this test in healthy control dogs. We also investigated the effect in vivo of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and the effect in vitro of an anticoagulation drug (dalteparin; low-molecular-weight heparin; LMWH). The CV of the AUC of both chips was good (CVs of 6.45% [PL] and 1.57% [AR]). The inhibition of platelet function by ASA was evident in the right-shift in the PL test pressure curve. The right-shift in the AR test pressure curves showed that the administration of LMWH inhibited both platelets and the coagulation cascade. The T-TAS may be useful in the evaluation of canine blood coagulation.  相似文献   

16.
In a survey of coagulation, biochemical and hematological parameters in cattle homozygous (deficient), heterozygous (carrier) and non-affected (normal) for Factor XI deficiency, only the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) results correlated with plasma Factor XI activity levels. The APTT results and the thrombokinetics for the deficient animals were markedly different from the results of either the carrier or normal animals. However, the APTT assay was shown not to be sufficiently sensitive to differentiate between the normal and carrier state for the coagulation disorder. Not only was there no statistical difference between the mean APTT results for the normal and carrier animals, but the thrombokinetics for fibrin clot formation for the two groups were also similar.  相似文献   

17.
The sensitivity of commercial prothrombin time (PT) tests was assessed based on a dilution series of equine pooled plasma (EPP) (experiment 1) and on 40 equine plasma samples with reduced activity of coagulation factors II, V, VII and X (experiment 2). Two different PT reagents (reagent 1, human placental thromboplastin; reagent 2, recombinant human tissue factor) were used according to the manufacturers' instructions (standard test, PT([ST])) and compared to a modified test procedure (modified test, PT([MT])) using sample dilution and fibrinogen addition. In all samples, sensitivity was lower (P<0.01) when using PT([ST]) with reagent 2 (0.20) than when using either PT([ST]) with reagent 1 (0.65) or PT([MT]) with both reagents (reagent 1, 0.60-0.75, reagent 2, 0.58-0.70, depending on sample dilution). The highest sensitivity was found for PT([MT]) when using a 1:20 sample dilution. In those samples in which at least one coagulation factor activity was decreased (by 20%; n=18), the sensitivity of PT([ST]) with reagent 2 (0.33) was found to be inadequate, in contrast to all other test procedures (0.83-0.94). This low sensitivity corresponded to shorter time intervals between different coagulation activity levels prepared by EPP dilution. The results indicate that adequate sensitivity of PT measurements in equine plasma can be achieved using a standard test procedure as long as a suitable reagent is used.  相似文献   

18.
Background: Thromboelastometry is used for identifying or monitoring coagulation abnormalities. It has been validated in several species but not in horses and the characteristics of the equine thromboelastogram have not yet been detailed. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to validate a thromboelastometer to be used with equine blood and to define the normal equine thromboelastogram. Methods: A Rotem-gamma thromboelastometer (Pentapharm GmbH, Munich, Germany) was used on 38 citrated blood samples to investigate native coagulation, the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, the function of fibrinogen (largely dependent on its concentration), and the presence of fibrinolysis. Using classic validation approaches, we evaluated the imprecision of the method and the influence of hemolysis and storage time and temperature. The normal thromboelastogram was defined in both saddle and racing horses (the latter sampled before and after the race). Results: For imprecision tests, the analytical variations were <10%. The equine thromboelastogram had a pattern similar to those of other species, but the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways were less and more efficient, respectively. Reference intervals in racing horses, especially after exercise, were different from those of saddle horses, most likely due to a higher RBC mass. Coagulability decreased in hemolyzed samples and significant changes were found between nonrefrigerated and refrigerated blood samples stored for 20 hours. Conclusions: The Rotem-gamma thromboelastometer is a precise instrument for use with equine blood samples. The equine thromboelastogram is similar to that of other species, but reference intervals vary with aptitude and exercise. Hemolysis and refrigeration alter thromboelastometric results.  相似文献   

19.
Hemostatic abnormalities in equine colic   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
Hemostatic profiles were determined in 30 horses with clinical colic. Blood samples were obtained at the time of the animal's admission, and the following hemostatic tests were done: blood platelet count, plasma fibrinogen, plasma antithrombin, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, protamine sulfate test for soluble fibrin monomer, and fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products. The patients were categorized in retrospect, according to the cause of the colic: group 1--colic associated with colitis and/or severe diarrhea, group 2--colic associated with torsion or obstruction of the intestine, and group 3--colic associated with impaction of the intestine or the presence of enteroliths. Of the 30 horses with colic, 28 had at least 1 abnormality in their coagulogram--the most frequent abnormalities being high plasma fibrinogen concentration, high circulating soluble fibrin monomer, or a long partial thromboplastin time or thrombin time. The horses in group 1 seemed to have the most severe coagulopathies, as indicated by the average number of demonstrable abnormalities. The horses in group 3 showed the fewest abnormalities--usually a high plasma concentrations of fibrinogen and/or soluble fibrin monomer. The results indicated that hemostatic abnormalities are not uncommon in horses with gastrointestinal disease and colic--the degree of severity depending to some extent on the cause of the colic.  相似文献   

20.
Clinical relevance of monocyte procoagulant activity in horses with colic   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Endotoxin-activated monocytes express a thromboplastin-like procoagulant activity on the cell surface that may serve as a focal point for formation of microvascular thrombi. Because coagulopathy is a common sequela to endotoxemia in the equine species, we investigated the ability of monocytes, isolated from horses with colic, to express procoagulant activity. On the day of admission, and on the third and fifth day of hospitalization, monocytes were isolated from 30 adult horses with colic. A coagulation profile, including prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, and plasma fibrinogen and serum fibrin degradation products concentrations, was determined at each sample collection. The concentration of endotoxin in the plasma was quantitated at the time of admission. Ten clinically normal adult horses served as controls. The procoagulant activity of monocytes isolated from horses with colic was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than that of the monocytes isolated from clinically normal horses. On the first and third day of hospitalization, the mean prothrombin time was significantly (P less than 0.05) longer in horses with colic, compared with clinically normal horses, and was the most common abnormality in the coagulation profile on the day of admission (25/30; 83%). Mean fibrin degradation products concentration was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in horses with colic on the day of admission and was the second most common abnormality in the coagulation profile on day 1 (23/30; 77%). In horses with colic, the mean prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times were significantly (P less than 0.05) longer in horses that did not survive, compared with horses that survived.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

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