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干巴菌外生菌根及菌丝的观察 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
干巴菌（Ｔｈｅｌｅ－ｐｈｏｒａｇａｎｂａｊｕｎ）是一种外生菌根真菌，主要与云南松（Ｐｉ－ｎｕｓｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ）形成单轴二叉分枝和单枝的菌根。干巴菌的双校菌丝呈淡黄色和白色两种菌丝，分枝均稀少，菌丝分隔，菌丝具有锁状联合，有“Ｈ”型的菌丝细胞接合现象。 相似文献
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菌根（mycorrhiza）是自然界普遍存在的植物共生现象，即土壤中的真菌与植物根系所形成的一类共生体，参与菌根形成的真菌称为菌根菌。丛枝菌根（Arbuscular mycorrhiza，AM）在自然界分布最广泛，陆地上90％以上的高等植物，如粮食作物、油料作物、园艺作物（果树、蔬菜、花卉）等都具有丛枝菌根。 相似文献
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VA菌根对植物有益作用的研究进展及其应用展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
菌根是自然界中一种普遍的植物共生现象。它是土壤中的菌根真菌与高等植物根系形成的一种共生体。根据菌根形态学及解剖学特征的不同,菌根分为3个主要的类型,即外生菌根、内生菌根及内外生菌根。泡囊丛枝菌根是一种最常见的内生菌根,因其胞内菌丝体呈泡囊状和丛枝状,故称泡囊丛枝菌根(简称VA菌根或VAM)。研究发现,并非所有类型的该类真菌都形成泡囊结构,但都形成丛枝结构。因此,越来越多的研究者将其称为丛枝菌根。VA菌根和世界上90%以上的植物种类都能形成共生体系。大量研究表明,VA菌根真菌能促进宿主对土壤中矿质元素P、N、K、Cu、… 相似文献
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以硬叶兜兰菌根真菌为研究对象,采用传统形态学结合rDNA-ITS区的PCR扩增、测序,采用NCBI BLAST在线软件对ITS区序列进行了分析,对硬叶兜兰菌根真菌进行分类鉴定。结果表明:对29株菌根真菌进行rDNA-ITS序列分析共鉴定出23个属,为瘤菌根菌属、胶膜菌属、丝核菌属,镰刀菌属、栓菌属、附毛菌属、拟迷孔菌属、小脆柄菇属、拟层孔菌属、毛壳属、侧耳属、轮枝菌属、弯孢聚壳属等,分离菌株最多的是瘤菌根菌属和胶膜菌属,分别占分离总数的16%和19%;鉴定到1个科,为胶膜菌科;12株优势菌根具有不同的宏观和微观形态,其均未有分生孢子,菌丝分枝点附近形成一个隔及细胞双核,11株菌株具念珠状细胞,大多数具有香味。 相似文献
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番茄菌根化育苗及对青枯病的防治试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi,AMF）单一菌剂Glomus versiforme(AM-1)和混合菌剂Glomus spp.(AM-2)分别对番茄进行菌根化育苗试验,分析不同基质和接种时期对菌根形成率的影响。结果表明,以果园土与蛭石体积比为3∶1的混合物为基质,菌根形成率最高;播种期和一叶期接种对菌根化效果的影响不显著,二叶期接种的菌根形成率显著降低。温室盆栽条件下,菌根化程度高的番茄苗具有较好的延缓青枯病发生的能力,但后期病情仍会加重。 相似文献
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以盆栽大花蕙兰新生营养根为试材,采用切片法观察菌根的显微结构,利用组织分离法进行内生真菌分离和培养,通过显微观察菌丝体及孢子的形态特征对内生真菌的种属进行了鉴定,以期为明确大花蕙兰与菌根真菌的互作机制提供数据基础。结果表明:皮层细胞是菌根真菌定殖的主要部位,在根被完整的部位,菌根真菌主要通过通道细胞侵入皮层细胞;在根被不完整的部位,菌根真菌可以通过根被细胞侵入到皮层细胞。从大花蕙兰菌根中共分离出47个真菌菌株,其中29个属于镰刀菌(Fusarium),18个属于木霉菌(Trichoderma),出现频率分别为61.7%和38.3%。由此可知,镰刀菌是盆栽大花蕙兰优势菌根真菌。 相似文献
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Plant root system architecture is essential characteristics in relation to nutrient acquisition by root system from soil volume. Many environmental factors can affect the establishment of root system architecture, e.g. arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. We inoculated the trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.) seedlings with four AM fungal species in rhizoboxes, with non-inoculated seedlings as control. Using the WinRHIZO® image analysis system, the root system architecture of seedlings was characterized. Results indicated that AM colonization did not affect the tap root length, the average root diameter, the basal root growth angle in spite that four AM fungal species exerted differential influence on the plant growth. Contrastingly, AM colonization significantly reduced the total root length, the root volume, the root surface area, but promoted the formation of lateral roots of high order. In addition, AM colonization induced more fine roots and less coarse roots. To our knowledge, it is the first report on the influence of AM fungi on the distribution of root diameter size classes. The mechanisms and implication of AM fungi on root system architecture is discussed. 相似文献
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在野外生态调查中,笔者从未发现暗褐网柄牛肝菌(Phlebopus portentosus)和任何树木根系形成外生菌根的结构。为了进一步证实暗褐网柄牛肝菌是否为外生菌根菌,在温室条件下,用暗褐网柄牛肝菌栽培种和液体种对思茅松(Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis)和栲树(Castanopsis sp.)进行菌根接种试验。接种5个月后,思茅松一、二级侧根及吸收根表面上,均有大量暗褐网柄牛肝菌菌丝缠绕生长;菌丝有锁状联合,但是并没有菌丝套和哈氏网发育的迹象。接种10个月后有大量暗褐网柄牛肝菌菌丝也缠绕在栲树根的表面,有发达的菌索;菌丝有锁状联合,呈结晶体状,但没有任何菌根结构形成。在同样的温室条件下,思茅松和印度块菌形成了典型的外生菌根。结果表明,暗褐网柄牛肝菌在室内接种条件下也不能与思茅松和栲树形成外生菌根。因此,暗褐网柄牛肝菌可能不是一种外生菌根菌。 相似文献
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菌根真菌对华石斛幼苗生长及光合性能的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了探索菌根真菌在华石斛栽培和保育中的应用,将从野生华石斛分离获得的5株内生真菌接种华石斛组培苗和盆苗.结果表明:真菌能够成功侵入华石斛根内形成菌根;供试菌株能不同程度地提高华石斛幼苗成活率,生物量及促进华石斛幼苗根系生长;并能提高华石斛幼苗叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs),进而提高其光合性能.综合来看,对组培苗生长和光合性能促进作用较为突出的菌株为S7、S9、S12,对盆苗作用效果较为明显的是S3、S9、S10菌株.因此,这几株菌根真菌对华石斛的人工繁殖、栽培和保育具有实际的应用价值. 相似文献
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《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,105(1):145-151
Seedlings of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) were inoculated with two arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal species, Glomus intraradices and Gigaspora margarita. Plant growth response and morphological changes induced by AM inoculation were investigated. Plant endogenous indoleacetic acid (IAA) and isopentenyl adenosines (iPAs) concentrations were determined. With mycorrhizal infection rate of 9.0–18.8%, plant biomasses increased by 13.5–30.1%. Leaf number, leaflet number, total leaf area and first order lateral root number were significantly increased by AM inoculation. Although G. margarita significantly increased plant P content and uptake, no significant difference in N nutrition was observed between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated the changes in IAA and iPAs induced by AM inoculation. IAA concentrations in shoots and in roots were 5–7 times and 2–5 times higher in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal plants, respectively. The iPAs concentrations increased by 1.7 times in shoots and by 1.9–2.5 times in roots, due to mycorrhizal inoculation. We suggest that the changes in endogenous phytohormone level may be responsible for morphological alteration induced by AM inoculation. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(2):85-111
ABSTRACT Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) form symbiotic relationships with roots of blueberry plants providing increased access to nutrients from fertilizers and soil. In August of 2001, we sampled 55 fields in Oregon to assess the mycorrhizal status of blueberry plants under production conditions and to determine whether any relationships exist between field characteristics, root distribution, soil characteristics and level of colonization by mycorrhizal fungi. Variation in measured soil characteristics, root type, root distribution and mycorrhizal colonization occurred with cultivar, field age, bed type, rate of nitrogen fertilization, irrigation type, and mulch. Root biomass was lower in the upper 15 cm of soil compared to 15-30 cm depth. Distribution of roots between the two sampled depths varied significantly with field age, nitrogen fertilization rate, and the time of 50% harvest for the different cultivars sampled. Root length was generally greatest in the upper 15 cm of the soil than at the 15-30 cm depth. Root colonization by ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) ranged from 0.5 to 44% of total root length with higher colonization generally occurring in the upper 15 cm of the soil where the majority of smaller, finer roots were found. Colonization generally increased with increasing plant age. In young plants the highest levels of colonization were found in roots from the upper 15 cm of soil while in older plants the highest levels of colonization were found in roots at the 15-30 cm depth. Colonization of roots by EMF in the upper 15 cm of the soil tended to decrease with increasing N fertilization rate, while root colonization at the 15-30 cm depth was unaffected by rate of N fertilization. Roots on cultivars that fruited early in the season tended to have higher levels of colonization than cultivars that fruited later in the growing season. Root biomass and root length were negatively correlated with soil pH and available Ca in soil, while root colonization by EMF was negatively correlated with ammonium levels in the soil. Differences in soil characteristics, root type and distribution, and mycorrhizal colonization found in this study need to be investigated in terms of production efficiency of blueberry in Oregon. 相似文献
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《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,106(3):360-369
The effect of the mycorrhizal inoculation on survival rate, growth, nutrient uptake and root morphology during the acclimatization period and plant establishment of micropropagated juvenile or adult cherimoya plants (Annona cherimola Mill.) was determined. Although mycorrhizal colonization did not improve the survival rate of plants, which was already high in non-inoculated plants, it had a positive effect on plant development (shoot length, leaf number, leaf area and fresh and dry weights). Mycorrhizal juvenile plants tripled the macronutrients and increased by four the micronutrient uptake, and mycorrhizal adult plants increased by two phosphorus and all micronutrients, with copper uptake increased five times. Moreover, mycorrhizal colonization changed the root morphology of adult plants increasing three-fold the total number of roots, doubling the number of first-order laterals and increasing second-order laterals by four. Total root length was also increased three-fold, adventitious root length was almost doubled, first-order laterals tripled and second-order roots length increased four-fold. The effect of mycorrhizal colonization seems to be stronger or different in juvenile than in adult plants, suggesting that ontogenic stage is an important factor determining mycorrhizal effect and the plant performance during the acclimatization period. 相似文献
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Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on aster yellows phytoplasma-infected tobacco plants 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The objective of the research was to asses if arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) can modify the effect of two aster yellows phytoplasma strains infection in tobacco plants. Tobacco plants experimentally inoculated with aster yellows phytoplasma strains did not develop visible disease symptoms. However, PCR examination indicated that the inoculated plants were phytoplasma infected. Mycorrhiza inoculation had a positive effect on the shoot height of healthy plants, but did not influence shoot growth and weight of phytoplasma-infected plants. The roots of all mycorrhiza-inoculated plants were slightly reduced but significant differences were found in the total root length of plants infected with the phytoplasma strain AY1. AM inoculation had a positive effect on photosynthetic activity of tobacco plants infected with the phytoplasma strain AYSim, but net photosynthesis of tobacco infected with the phytoplasma strain AY1 was decreased. Transpiration rate and calcium content of AM and phytoplasma-infected plants were not affected. The mechanisms underlying these interactions are discussed and a direct action of the AM fungus is hypothesized. 相似文献
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Francesca Rapparini Rita Baraldi G. Bertazza Barbara Branzanti S. Predieri 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):1101-1109
Micropropagated plantlets of OH x F 51 and GF 677, respectively pear (Pyrus communis L.) and peach (Prunus persica x Prunus amygdalus) clonal rootstocks were inoculated during an early weaning stage of acclimatization with Glomus sp. Both rootstocks were well colonized, although the infection of OH x F 51 spread more slowly. At the end of initial vegetative growth, mycorrhizal plants of both rootstocks showed a three-fold increase in shoot length over control plants. Mycorrhizal plants also had longer internode and greater fresh mass. The root/shoot ratio was especially altered by arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation in OH x F 51 plants, which showed a greater increase in shoot rather than in root biomass. The growth-promoting ability of endomycorrhizal fungus persisted throughout the experimental period: Glomus sp. induced a greater development of both rootstocks in the second growing year, after overwintering. Colonization of micropropagated plants by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus appears to alter the carbohydrate status in stems and roots. Mycorrhizal plants always had a higher content of total soluble sugar, although there were no differences in soluble carbohydrate concentration between inoculated and uninoculated plants. Starch accumulation was found only in mycorrhizal plants of the peach rootstock. 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌对香蕉试管苗植株生长和矿质营养吸收的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以Williams香蕉(MusaAAA)试管苗为材料,在温室盆栽条件下研究丛枝菌根真菌(AM真菌)对香蕉植株矿质营养和营养生长的影响。试验设3个处理,不接种对照和2个菌根接种处理:接种单一菌种Glomusversiform、接种混合菌种G.versiform、G.epigaeam、G.cadedonium。结果表明,香蕉植株的菌根侵染率为22.8%～32.9%;接种AM真菌促进了香蕉植株的营养生长,显著地增加地上部和根系的干重,其菌根依赖性达到30.8%～37.8%,植株的株高、叶片数和叶片长度略有提高;接种单一菌种增加了须根的数量,但2个接种处理均降低须根的长度,使得总根长减少;单一接种剂和混合接种剂分别显著提高植株的P和K含量,2个接种处理都显著地促进了植株对N、P、K的吸收,P增幅最大,为70%～120%,K的增幅次之,为80%左右,N的增幅最小,为40%～60%。结果还表明,混合接种剂的生长促进效果略好于单一接种剂。 相似文献