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1.
NH_4~+和NO_3~–是对植物有效的两种主要无机氮源。水稻一般被认为是偏好NH_4~+的植物,但是在NO_3~–条件下,水稻也能良好地生长。大多数关于水稻铵硝营养的报道是在pH 6.0左右的水培条件下开展的,但是对于酸性条件下水稻铵硝营养研究很少。随着土壤酸化的加重及一些边际酸性土壤被用作水稻种植,研究酸性条件下水稻的铵硝营养具有重要意义。本文采用水培试验,在pH 5.0的条件下,通过添加和不添加pH缓冲剂MES(2-(N-吗啡啉)乙磺酸),研究了NH_4~+和NO_3~–对水稻生长、氮效率和矿质养分(N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn)吸收的影响。结果表明,在不添加MES的条件下,水稻地上部生长(株高、叶绿素含量、干重)在NH_4~+和NO_3~–之间没有显著差异,而添加MES后,NH_4~+处理的水稻地上部生长优于NO_3~–。不管是否添加MES,NO_3~–处理的水稻地下部生长(根长、根表面积和根物质量)优于NH_4~+。水稻含氮量和氮利用效率在不同NH_4~+和NO_3~–处理之间没有显著差异,但是NH_4~+处理的水稻氮吸收效率高于NO_3~–。与NO_3~–相比,NH_4~+增加了水稻地上部P和Fe含量,而降低了水稻地上部Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu和Mn含量,对K含量影响较小。上述结果表明,NH_4~+有利于改善水稻地上部生长,提高氮吸收效率、地上部P和Fe含量,而NO_3~–则有利于水稻发根,提高地上部Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu和Mn含量。 相似文献
2.
氯化钠胁迫下蓝藻Anabaena 7120对氧的敏感性和氢的保护作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
正常培养液中NaCl浓度增高时,蓝藻固氮活性下降,对氧的敏感度增大,氧浓度愈高,敏感度愈大。分子氢可以削弱或消除氧对固氮酶活性的抑制,其良好效应主要表现在固氮反应初期。 添加光合抑制剂、CO_2、N_2,以及在厌氧条件下,氢对NaCl胁迫下受氧伤害蓝藻固氮酶活性的保护效应低于对正常生长蓝藻的保护效应。 相似文献
3.
为探究典型温度下(25℃和5℃)农村化粪池出水氮素在排污口原地土壤中的迁移转化过程,采集原地表层土壤及化粪池出水,构建室内模拟系统,分析化粪池出水经土壤渗滤前后氮素组成。结果表明,农村化粪池出水氮素以可溶性无机氮(DIN)为主,其中NH_4~+-N占70%以上;两种温度条件下化粪池出水DIN差异不显著(P0.05,n=12),NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N、NO_3~--N浓度均具有极显著性差异(P0.01,n=12),25℃时硝化作用明显,导致出水NH_4~+-N低于5℃,NO_2~--N、NO_3~--N高于5℃;两种温度条件下原地土壤对化粪池出水DIN均有削减作用,其中NH_4~+-N削减量均占DIN削减量60%以上;25℃和5℃条件下,NH_4~+-N削减率分别为23.11%～47.37%和25.37%～43.47%;25℃时NH_4~+-N削减主要通过氨挥发、反硝化、厌氧氨氧化等作用完成,而5℃时NH_4~+-N削减主要通过土壤NH_4~+-N吸附作用完成;25℃时土壤对NO_3~--N还存在蓄积作用。研究表明,两种温度下化粪池出水NO-_2~--N和NO_3~--N在原地土壤中可发生反硝化或异化还原作用进而得到削减。 相似文献
4.
以华北平原农田土壤为对象,通过室内静态培养系统研究NO_3~--N与不同碳源组合对土壤N_2O和CO_2排放的影响。结果表明,NO_3~--N作为氮源和不同碳源施入土壤,除NO_3~-+纤维素,其余土壤N_2O排放通量均高于对照组和只添加氮源土壤;NO_3~--N和不同碳源组合的CO_2累积排放量均高于对照和只添加氮源土壤。NO_3~-+果胶的N_2O排放量在第1 d达到最大值1 383.42μg N·kg~(-1)·d~(-1);NO_3~-+葡萄糖的CO_2排放量在第1 d达到最大值370.13 mg C·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),CO_2累积排放量顺序为:葡萄糖果胶秸秆纤维素淀粉木质素。土壤NO_3~--N含量与N_2O排放呈极显著正相关。总之,添加纤维素可以抑制N_2O的排放,促进CO_2排放,并增加土壤中NO_3~--N含量,添加其余碳源均会促进土壤N_2O和CO_2排放。 相似文献
5.
NaCl浓度对SBBR同步脱氮及N2O释放的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
盐度是影响生物脱氮过程的重要因素。盐度增加会导致生物硝化和反硝化过程中N_2O的产生并释放。该文以添加NaCl的生活污水为研究对象,采用固定填料序批式生物膜反应器(sequencing batch biofilm reactor,SBBR),考察了不同NaCl浓度(0、5、10、15和20g/L)对SBBR脱氮性能及N_2O释放的影响。结果表明,试验NaCl浓度范围内,SBBR出水COD稳定在40～60mg/L。硝化过程NO_2~-/NO_3~-随NaCl浓度增加而增加。NaCl浓度≤10g/L时,NH_4~+-N去除率大于95%,N_2O产率由4.08%(NaCl浓度为0)增至6.72%(NaCl浓度为10 g/L)。NaCl浓度为20 g/L时,驯化后SBBR内平均NH_4~+-N去除率为70%,平均N_2O产率为13.60%。无添加NaCl时,N_2O主要产生于硝化阶段的AOB好氧反硝化过程,SBBR内缺氧区有助于减少N_2O释放;高NaCl浓度条件下,N_2O主要产生于AOB好氧反硝化过程和内源同步反硝化过程,高盐度加剧内源反硝化阶段NO_2~-和N_2O之间电子竞争,抑制N_2O还原,其活性抑制性能与电子受体和初始C/N有关。与硝态氮还原速率和亚硝态氮还原速率相比,氧化亚氮还原速率受NaCl抑制最为明显,是导致高盐度条件下N_2O释放量增加的重要因素。 相似文献
6.
生物炭和秸秆添加对海南热带水稻土氮素淋溶的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过室内土柱模拟淋洗试验,研究不同水分条件下添加秸秆和生物炭对海南热带水稻土氮淋失的影响。物料添加设对照(CK)、添加生物炭(B)、生物炭+水稻秸秆(BCS)、水稻秸秆(CS)4个处理,培养水分设75%田间持水量(WHC,模拟旱作土壤)和淹水(模拟水田)2个水平。结果表明,生物炭和秸秆添加均可以提高土壤pH,增加土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾和有效磷含量。75%WHC条件下,相比CK,BCS和CS处理显著增加土壤NH_4~+—N的淋失量,分别增加16.30%和48.56%,B处理无显著差异;CS处理增加土壤NO_3~-—N淋失,BCS处理降低土壤NO_3~-—N淋失,B处理对硝、铵态氮淋失无显著影响;BCS和CS处理显著增加土壤硝、铵态氮总量(S)淋失,B处理对S无显著影响。淹水条件下,相比CK,B处理降低土壤的NH_4~+—N和S的淋失,分别降低16.30%和12.81%,而对NO_3~-—N淋失量无显著影响;CS处理土壤降低土壤NH_4~+—N、NO_3~-—N和S的淋失,分别降低19.26%,33.96%和22.37%;BCS处理降低土壤NH_4~+—N和S的淋失,分别降低14.52%和14.19%,但对NO_3~-—N淋失影响不显著。综上,海南热带地区稻菜轮作种植模式下,旱作条件秸秆还田增加土壤NH_4~+—N和NO_3~-—N的淋失,但生物炭对硝、铵态氮淋失无影响;水田时,生物炭添加可以降低土壤NH_4~+—N淋失,对NO_3~-—N无影响,秸秆还田后土壤NH_4~+—N和NO_3~-—N的淋失均降低。 相似文献
7.
杂交稻和常规稻生育后期对NO_3~——N和NH_4~+-N的营养效应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
利用~(15)N示踪技术研究了杂交稻和常规稻生育后期对不同N源的营养效应。结果表明,杂交稻对抽穗前追施的NO_3~--N的利用率比常规稻高7.8％,回收率高13.2％:追施NH_4~+-N时,杂交稻的N肥利用率比常规稻高6.1％,回收率高14.5％肥源之间比较,收获期NH_4~+-N的利用率和回收率都高于NO_3~--N。肥料N在穗中的分配率,杂交稻比常规稻大15.7—20.2％,但NO_3~--N与NH_4~--N处理间无明显差异。试验结果还表明,抽穗前追施NO_3~--N比追施NH_4~--N能更明显地促进水稻对Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)的吸收,刺激浮根的生长,增加稻谷产量,而且杂交稻的这些效应大于常规稻。 相似文献
8.
为合理利用工业副产硫酸铵,探究3,4—二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)配施硫酸铵对石灰性褐土中氮素转化及N_2O和CO_2排放的影响。通过室内培养试验,研究不同剂量DMPP与硫酸铵配施后,石灰性褐土中铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)含量、硝态氮(NO_3~--N)含量、土壤pH、N_2O和CO_2排放通量和累计排放量的动态变化,并进行了相关性分析。结果表明:单施硫酸铵的ASN处理在培养的前15天硝化作用强烈,第15天时,土壤NH_4~+-N含量降低了477.28 mg/kg, NO_3~--N含量增高了177.03 mg/kg。添加DMPP可以明显抑制硫酸铵NH_4~+-N向NO_3~--N转化。培养30天后,0.75%～1.75%剂量的DMPP处理的土壤NO_3~--N含量低于ASN处理174.02～177.00 mg/kg,硝化抑制率为94.92%～95.30%,且在0.75%～1.75%浓度范围内未表现出明显的剂量差异效应。各剂量DMPP在试验期间的硝化抑制效果表现较好,其作用时长为30天以上。培养30天时,与空白CKII处理相比,单施硫酸铵T1处理的N_2O和CO_2的累计排放量分别显著增加了975.3%,126.66%(P0.05),而添加了DMPP的T2处理相较于单施硫酸铵T1处理,N_2O和CO_2累计排放量分别显著降低了76.8%,6.22%(P0.05)。相关性分析表明,CO_2排放通量与N_2O排放通量呈正相关关系,土壤pH与N_2O、CO_2排放通量呈负相关关系。硫酸铵与0.75%DMPP配合施用在一定程度上可以抑制土壤酸化,同时短期内可以显著降低N_2O和CO_2累计排放量(P0.05)。 相似文献
9.
中国亚热带人工林处于全球氮沉降高值区,土壤氮素相对富集,土壤氧化亚氮(N_2O)产生与排放对外源性氮素输入响应敏感。然而,现有氮沉降模拟控制实验多采用单一氮肥类型,没有原位区分氧化态氮与还原态氮素影响的差异。以千烟洲亚热带湿地松林为研究对象,增氮控制实验采用随机区组设计,包括2种形态(NO_3~-、NH_4~+)和3个施氮水平(0、40、120 kg hm~(-2) a~(-1))。利用静态箱—气相色谱法高频(8次月~(-1))测定土壤N_2O净交换通量以及温度、水分、溶解性氮含量等相关环境变量,分析土壤N_2O通量对外源性氮素输入的响应特征及主控因子。结果表明:施氮不影响亚热带人工林土壤温度和水分,显著增加了土壤NO_3~--N、NH_4~+-N和总溶解性氮(TDN)的含量,对溶解性有机氮(DON)含量无显著影响。施氮显著促进亚热带人工林土壤N_2O排放,增幅为378%~847%,施加NH4Cl的促进效应显著高于Na NO_3。土壤N_2O通量与10 cm土壤温度、10 cm土壤体积含水量呈正相关,土壤N_2O通量的变化量与土壤无机氮含量的变化量呈正相关。上述研究结果表明,虽然水热因子驱动着亚热带人工林土壤N_2O的排放,但是氮素富集条件下土壤N_2O的增加主要由底物可利用性的变化所致,并且还原态NH_4~+的促进效应显著高于氧化态NO_3~-。 相似文献
10.
聚天门冬氨酸钙盐对水稻田面水中三氮动态变化的影响 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
利用桶栽试验探究不同浓度水平的聚天门冬氨酸钙盐(PASP-Ca)对水稻田面水中铵态氮(NH_4~+)、硝态氮(NO_3~-)和总氮(TN)浓度动态变化的影响。结果表明,施氮后,田面水中TN、NH_4~+和NO_3~-分别于第1,3,9天达到最大值,随后逐渐降低。NO_3~-/TN多在0.1以下,(NH_4~++NO_3~-)/TN多在0.5以上。因此,可以将NH_4~+和TN作为农田水污染防治的主要监测指标,NO_3~-作为辅助指标。添加一定浓度的PASP—Ca能对田面水中氮素浓度的变化起到缓释作用,其中0.3%浓度水平的PASP—Ca效果相对较好,田面水中NH_4~+和TN的下降速率分别为3.452,4.806mg/(L·d),与单施氮肥(CK)相比,分别降低了11.68%和16.25%;同时,NH_4~+的平均浓度为6.999mg/L,较CK低了3.88%;NO_3~-的平均浓度为0.396mg/L,较CK低了24.83%;TN的平均浓度为20.077mg/L,较CK提升了3.10%。施氮后田面水中TN浓度随时间呈对数递减,而NH_4~+浓度在施氮后3天内随时间呈对数增加,之后随时间呈对数递减趋势。施氮后的9天内是防止稻田田面水中氮素流失的关键时期。 相似文献
11.
水稻土和菜田添加碳氮后的气态产物排放动态 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】动态连续监测添加碳氮底物后各气体产物—O2、 NO、 N2O、 CH4和N2的排放,对土壤碳氮转化过程和气体产生过程做更深入的理解,揭示不同土地利用方式典型红壤的温室气体产生机制。【方法】采集长江中游金井小流域不同土地利用方式稻田和菜地土壤为研究对象,利用全自动连续在线培养检测体系(Robot系统),通过两组试验分别研究土壤碳氮转化过程中各气体产物的动态变化。试验1采用菜地和稻田土壤进行好气培养,设置不施氮对照、 添加40 mg/kg铵态氮、 添加40 mg/kg铵态氮+1%硝化抑制剂、 添加40 mg/kg硝态氮、 添加40 mg/kg硝态氮+1%葡萄糖、 缺氧条件下添加40 mg/kg硝态氮+1%葡萄糖6个处理。试验2采用稻田土壤进行淹水培养,设不施氮对照、 添加40 mg/kg铵态氮、 添加40 mg/kg铵态氮+1%硝化抑制剂、 添加40 mg/kg铵态氮+1%秸秆、 缺氧条件下添加40 mg/kg铵态氮+1%的葡萄糖、 添加40 mg/kg硝态氮、 添加40 mg/kg硝态氮+1%葡萄糖、 缺氧条件下添加40 mg/kg硝态氮+1%葡萄糖8个处理。培养温度均为20℃,土壤水分含量为70% WFPS (土壤孔隙含水量),培养周期为15天。【结果】从菜地和稻田土壤不同碳氮添加处理气态产物及无机氮的动态变化可看出: 1)菜地土壤好气培养初期硝化作用产生了大量N2O; 受低碳和低含水量的限制,反硝化作用较弱。当提供充足碳源和厌氧条件,出现N2O和NO的大量排放。2)在好气稻田和淹水稻田培养过程中,反硝化作用是N2O产生的主要途径。3)稻田土壤中,提供充足碳源和厌氧条件,各气态产物出现的顺序依次是NO、 N2O和N2,与三种气体在反硝化链式反应过程中的生成顺序一致。淹水稻田加铵态氮和碳源处理N2为主要产物,添加硝态氮处理后,N2O成为主要气态产物。当土壤碳源充足时,反硝化过程进行彻底,反硝化产物以终产物(N2)为主。4)在稻田土壤出现厌氧或添加碳源条件下,均检测到大量CH4产生; 且在甲烷产生的同时,NO-3几乎消耗殆尽。【结论】金井小流域典型红壤菜地N2O主要来自于硝化作用,好气和淹水稻田N2O主要来源于反硝化作用; 当碳源充足和厌氧时,菜地及稻田反硝化作用增强; 反硝化产物组成、 产物累积量及出峰顺序与碳源和氧气浓度有关。 相似文献
12.
de Medina Hilda Ledo Marín Julio César Gutiérrez Elizabeth Morales José 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,145(1-4):341-357
Nitrogen is one of the two most important elements in the metabolism of aquatic ecosystems. At low concentrations it can limit primary productivity and when present at very high concentrations it can participate in the eutrophication process of these environments. The mechanism of nitrogen transport in sediments is almost unknown, nevertheless it is of vital importance for establishing mass balances in aquatic systems. In the study presented here, we assessed the nitrogen flux in sediments of the central part of tropical Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela, in particular with regard to dissolved oxygen concentrations. Experiments were performed under laboratoryconditions in a batch system, and at varying dissolved oxygenregimes (aerobic and anaerobic). Every two days, during 3 months,overlying water samples were taken to analyze nitrite, nitrate,ammonium and Kjeldahl total nitrogen. Average release rates oftotal nitrogen were 0.86 in aerobic, and 1.06 mmol N m-2 d-1 in anaerobic systems corresponding to 41.7% of total N input to the lake. The behavior of nitrogen was strongly influenced by nitrate concentrations under aerobic conditions, and by organic nitrogen under anaerobic conditions during the course of the experiment. A major trend for the release of organic nitrogen during anaerobic conditions, and of nitrate, during aerobic conditions, was observed. Also fluxes of NO3 -, NH4 +, organic N and Total N across the sediment-water interface were measured. In anaerobic conditions, which are predominant in the hypolimnetic cone of LakeMaracaibo, denitrification was estimated to be 0.02 mmol N m-2 d-1, which corresponds to 1.89% of the total N released from sediments.This is to our knowledge the first study of nitrogen fluxes insediments from Lake Maracaibo. The laboratory data presented herereflects conditions in the lake when major nutrients accumulation occurs. 相似文献
13.
Recent research has proven soil nitrite to be a key element in understanding N-gas production (NO, N2O, N2) in soils. NO is widely accepted to be an obligatory intermediate of N2O formation in the denitrification pathway. However, studies with native soils could not confirm NO as a N2O precursor, and field experiments mainly revealed ammonium nitrification as the source of NO. The hypothesis was constructed, that the limited diffusion of NO in soil is the reason for this contradiction. To test this diffusion limitation hypothesis and to verify nitrite and NO as free intermediates in native soils we conducted through-flow (He/O2 atmosphere) 15N tracer experiments using black earth soil in an experimental set up free of diffusion limitation. All of the three relevant inorganic N soil pools (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate) were 15N labelled in separate incubation experiments lasting 81 h based on the kinetic isotope method. During the experiments the partial pressure of O2 was decreased in four steps from 20% to about 0%. The net NO emission increased up to 3.7 μg N kg−1 h−1 with decreasing O2 partial pressure. Due to the special experimental set up with little to no obstructions of gas diffusion, only very low N2O emission could be observed. As expected the content of the substrates ammonium, nitrate and nitrite remained almost constant over the incubation time. The 15N abundance of nitrite revealed high turnover rates. The contribution of nitrification of ammonium to the total nitrite production was approx. 88% under strong aerobic soil conditions but quickly decreased to zero with declining O2 partial pressure. It is remarkable that already under the high partial pressure of 20% O2 12 % of nitrite is generated by nitrate denitrification, and under strict anaerobic conditions it increases to 100%. Nitrite is present in two separate endogenous pools at least, each one fed by the nitrification of ammonium or the denitrification of nitrate. The experiments clearly revealed that nitrite is almost 100% the direct precursor of NO formation under anaerobic as well as aerobic conditions. Emitted N2O only originated to about 100% from NO under strict anaerobic conditions (0-0.2% O2), providing evidence that NO is a free intermediate of N2O formation by denitrification. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that NO has been detected in a native soil as a free intermediate product of N2O formation at denitrification. These results clearly verify the “diffusion limitation” hypothesis. 相似文献
14.
The effects of three patented nitrification inhibitors on transformations of urea N in soils were studied by determining the effects of these compounds (10 μg/g of soil) on urea hydrolysis, ammonia volatilization. and production of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate in soils incubated under aerobic conditions (30°C, 60% WHC) after treatment with urea (400 μg of urea N/g of soil). The inhibitors used (N-Serve, ATC, and CL-1580) had little, if any, effect on urea hydrolysis, but they retarded nitrification of the ammonium formed by urea hydrolysis and increased gaseous loss of urea N as ammonia. They also decreased the amount of (urea + exchangeable ammonium + nitrite + nitrate) — N found in urea-treated soils after various times.Two of the soils used accumulated substantial amounts of nitrite(> 160 μg of nitrite N/g of soil) when incubated under aerobic conditions after treatment with urea. Addition of nitrification inhibitors to these soils eliminated or substantially reduced nitrite accumulation and greatly retarded nitrate formation, but had little, if any, effect on the recovery of urea N as (urea + exchangeable ammonium + nitrite + nitrate + ammonia) — N after various times. This finding and other observations reported indicate that the “nitrogen deficits” observed in studies of urea N transformations in soils may not largely be due to gaseous loss of urea N through chemodenitrification and are at least partly due to volatilization and fixation of the ammonium formed by urea hydrolysis in soils. The work reported also indicates that N-Serve and other nitrification inhibitors may prove useful for reduction of the nitrite toxicity problems associated with the use of urea as a fertilizer but that application of such inhibitors in conjunction with fertilizer urea, when surface applied, may promote gaseous loss of urea N as ammonia. 相似文献
15.
从增氧型复合垂直流人工湿地中采集样品,利用间歇曝气法富集好氧反硝化菌,并进行分离纯化,共得到10株好氧反硝化菌。其中编号为B13的菌株在初始硝态氮含量为277.23mg·L-1、碳氮比为5的条件下,24h的硝态氮去除率达92.80%,亚硝态氮积累只有12.57mg·L-1,脱氮速率达到20.58mg·L-·1h-1。16S rDNA序列分析表明,该菌与Pseudomonas stutzeri同源性达100%。选用四因素三水平L（934）正交试验表设计实验,通过测定对硝态氮去除能力和亚硝态氮的积累量,研究碳源、碳氮比（C/N）、pH以及溶解氧含量（DO）4种不同因素对B13号菌株好氧反硝化性能的影响。结果表明,该菌株对硝态氮的去除率最大可达99.88%,几乎没有亚硝态氮积累。对硝态氮去除率影响最大的因素为碳氮比,其次为pH,溶解氧含量和碳源。对应的最优条件是碳源为葡萄糖,碳氮比为10,pH为9,溶解氧含量为1.84～3.57mg·L-1。 相似文献
16.
Nitrogen isotope discrimination during denitrification in soils of nitrate containing natural concentrations of 14N and 15N was studied by determining the amount and the 15N content of nitrate-N and (nitrate + nitrite)-N in nitrate-treated soils incubated under anaerobic conditions (He atmosphere) for various times after treatment with glucose to promote denitrification. Analyses performed showed that the nitrate-N lost on incubation of these soils could largely be accounted for as products of denitrification (nitrite, NO. N2O and N2).The studies reported show that marked discrimination between 14N and 15N occurs during denitrification of nitrate in soils and that significant N isotope effects occur both in reduction of nitrate to nitrite and in reduction of nitrite to gaseous forms of N. They also indicate that the overall N isotope effect during denitrification of nitrate in soil will depend upon the tendency of the soil to accumulate nitrite under conditions that induce denitrification.It is concluded that discrimination between 14N and 15N during denitrification in soils of nitrate containing natural concentrations of these isotopes is of sufficient magnitude to invalidate the use of N isotope-ratio analyses for assessment of the contributions of soil and fertilizer N to nitrate in surface or ground waters or to nitrous oxide in the atmosphere. 相似文献
17.
Exposing 12‐day‐old soybean plants to 0.2 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for four weeks increased the nitrite concentration and acidity, and decreased the Leghemoglobin (LHb) concentration and the nitrogenase activity of root nodules. The supply of 1 mol.m‐3 nitrate to the roots intensified the nitrite accumulation, decreased the acidity of the nodules, and alleviated the inhibition of nitrogenase activity by NO2 fumigation. These results suggested that the inhibition of nitrogen (N2) fixation by N fertilizer supply might relate to the acid‐alkali balance in nodules. 相似文献
18.
利用液相还原法制备壳聚糖稳定纳米铁、油酸钠稳定纳米铁和普通纳米铁,在无氧条件下将其分别与反硝化细菌耦合用于地下水中硝酸盐污染物的去除研究,探讨不同纳米材料与反硝化菌的耦合体系去除硝酸盐的速率和产物,并通过测定体系中反硝化细菌总RNA浓度的变化来研究纳米材料对反硝化菌的毒害作用。结果表明,耦合体系均在9d内将硝酸盐完全去除,反应过程中有大量亚硝酸盐产生,但随着反应的进行又逐渐消失,3种耦合体系的脱氮产物中均有氨氮产生,油酸钠稳定纳米铁体系、普通纳米铁体系、壳聚糖稳定纳米铁体系产生的氨氮比例分别为15、37和58。反应后3种耦合体系中反硝化菌总RNA浓度的降低率分别为壳聚糖稳定纳米铁体系37、纳米铁体系30、油酸钠稳定纳米铁体系21,可见不同纳米材料对细菌毒性大小顺序为壳聚糖稳定纳米铁〉普通纳米铁〉油酸钠稳定纳米铁。综合反应速率、产物和对细菌的毒性各个方面因素,油酸钠稳定纳米铁与反硝化细菌的耦合效果最好。 相似文献
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20.
海绵铁缓解污水厌氧氨氧化反应器中硝酸盐积累的效果 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
该文旨在通过向厌氧氨氧化反应器中投加海绵铁来减轻厌氧SBR(sequencingbatchreactoractivatedsludge process)反应器中的硝酸盐积累,试验研究了海绵铁与硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐在静态条件下的反应。在静态条件下,部分硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐被海绵铁还原成了氨。对比动态试验表明投加海绵铁可以将SBR出水硝酸盐质量浓度控制在25～30 mg/L左右。相同条件下不投加海绵铁出水硝酸盐质量浓度不断累积,直至超过55 mg/L。这可能是由于铁将硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐并与厌氧氨氧化进行了耦合。采用高通量测序发现投加海绵铁的反应器中厌氧氨氧化菌在微生物群落中所占的比例(22.55%)约为不投加反应器(8.85%)的3倍,表明投加海绵铁有利于反应器中厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)菌的生长和厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动。 相似文献