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1.
球孢白僵菌在玉米根际的定殖及对根际微生物的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过分生孢子诱变法获得了球孢白僵菌抗多菌灵突变株,测定球孢白僵菌不同抗性突变株对多菌灵的抗性水平及遗传稳定性.选择其中对多菌灵EC50为245.0697,抗性水平指数达到229.29的抗性突变株BC-8菌株作为定殖菌株.采用盆栽接种试验和涂抹平皿法测数等方法研究球孢白僵菌抗性突变株BC-8菌株在玉米根际的定殖能力及对根际微生物数量的影响.结果表明:BC-8菌株可以在玉米外根际和根表定殖,但未在根内分离到;玉米移栽后28 d,外根际、根表的分离数量达到最大值;用BC-8菌株分生孢子悬浮液处理玉米幼苗后,玉米根际细菌、真菌及放线菌的数量均比对照减少;玉米移栽后14d,根际细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量与对照相比都有大幅度的减少;移栽后28 d,根际各种微生物的数量都有所增加,但与对照相比,仍呈减少趋势;移栽后42 d,根际微生物的数量趋于稳定. 相似文献
2.
健康与罹病玉米根际微生物数量及真菌区系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对玉米茎基腐病植株根际微生物数量及真菌区系的研究结果表明,健康与罹病玉米植株根际微生物数量存在明显差异,其中罹病玉米植株根际真菌、细菌数量明显高于健康玉米植株,而健康与罹病玉米植株放线菌数量无明显差异。健康玉米植株根系真菌种类为8种,常见真菌3～4种,优势种的菌落数占总菌落数的28.9%～53.7%。罹病植株根系真菌种类为2～4种,仅有稀少真菌和优势种,且优势种的菌落数占其总菌落数的87.7%以上,处于绝对优势,经证明引起玉米茎基腐病的是禾谷镰刀菌。 相似文献
3.
采用改良的海藻糖电转化法获得GFP标记菌株X5-GFP、BQA2-GFP,显微镜观察标记菌株在土壤和水培中的番茄根际的定殖情况。结果表明:标记菌株单独或与青枯菌先后加入进行处理,番茄根际标记菌株的种群数量变化趋势都是一致的。在土壤番茄根际中,X5-GFP单独处理后当天的菌量为1.05×106CFU/g,随之菌量逐渐下降;处理30 d后,为1.50×10~3CFU/g;而BQA2-GFP单独处理后当天菌量为1.68×106 CFU/g,随之菌量也逐渐下降;处理30 d后,为2.50×10~3CFU/g;在水培番茄根际中,X5-GFP单独处理后当天的菌量为2.70×10~5CFU/g,随之菌量逐渐下降;处理30 d后,为1.00×10~3 CFU/g;而BQA2-GFP单独处理后当天菌量为3.60×10~5CFU/g,随之菌量同样逐渐下降;处理30 d后,为1.50×10~3 CFU/g。这表明解淀粉芽胞杆菌X5、BQA2均在番茄根际有较强的定殖能力。 相似文献
4.
基于玉米大豆轮作的黑土玉米农田酶活性对不同耕层厚度的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在重建不同厚度黑土层的定位模拟试验区开展免耕玉米大豆轮作试验,设置3个黑土耕层厚度,分别为10、20和30 cm,重点研究耕层厚度对玉米生育期内关键土壤酶活性的影响,分析乳熟期根际和非根际土壤的酶活性及其速效养分的差异。研究表明,不同生育期不同耕层厚度的玉米农田土壤脲酶活性变化差异不明显;土壤蔗糖酶活性变化差异显著;土壤磷酸酶活性在同一生长期不同耕层厚度差异明显,磷酸酶对耕层厚度的反应更为敏感。相同耕层厚度中不同土层深度间酶活性也有明显差异,0～10 cm土层的酶活性高于21～30 cm土层酶活性。乳熟期玉米根际土壤的脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶均在10 cm耕层厚度中活性最强。不同耕层厚度处理时,玉米农田土壤的根际土壤酶活性高于非根际土壤。30 cm耕层厚度速效氮含量根际土显著高于非根际土壤,有效磷含量无显著差异,根际土的速效钾含量均低于非根际土。 相似文献
5.
枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)Czk1是一株具广谱拮抗、促生和诱导植株产生抗病性的根际益生菌。为了全面资源化利用农业废弃物中的有机养分和促进对植物土传病害的生物防治,本研究以Czk1为研究对象,以鸡粪为底肥,分别利用玉米秸秆、菌糠、椰糠堆肥为原料,采用液固两相发酵工艺,以稀释平板菌落计数法测定活菌总数和芽孢数,经过单因素和正交试验方法,明确Czk1固体发酵物料的配方、工艺参数和培养条件。得出Czk1固体发酵的最优条件：最佳原料为菌糠鸡粪堆肥,Czk1接种重量为10%,黄豆粉添加量为10%,含水量为40%,发酵温度为37℃,翻抛1次/72h,在此条件下,Czk1菌株中的芽孢活菌数量总量可以达到8.63×108 CFU/g,芽孢数为8.37×108 CFU/g。其次,发酵效果较佳的原料为秸秆鸡粪堆肥,Czk1接种量为10%,添加5%黄豆粉,40%含水量,发酵温度为37℃,翻抛1次/72 h,此条件下,Czk1接种菌株中的活菌数量总量可达到6.53×108 CFU/g,芽孢数为5.97×108 相似文献
6.
通过施用不同数量玉米蛋白粉对大豆根际环境影响变化的初步研究表明,玉米蛋白粉有增加土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量及改善土壤物理性质的作用,施入80 kg/667m2玉米蛋白粉后,土壤容重降低了0.3 g/cm3,总空隙度提高了2.1个百分点,毛管空隙度提高了2.8个百分点,非毛管空隙度提高了1.9个百分点,田间持水量提高了3.1个百分点。玉米蛋白粉对大豆增产效果明显,蛋白粉60 kg/667m2处理产量最高为177.4kg/667m2,增产25.6%,产量差异达到极显著水平。 相似文献
7.
Y19是从玉米种子分离的具有促生、防病效果的解淀粉芽孢杆菌。为探究其在玉米体内及根围土壤中的定殖情况,通过自然转化方式将含有绿色荧光蛋白基因gfpmut3a的质粒p HAPII导入Y19,获得具有良好荧光表型的标记菌株Y19-GFPmut3a。室内平板对峙、玉米盆栽促生定殖实验的结果表明,质粒的引入对Y19的拮抗病原及促生效果并无明显的影响,接种后的第40天,仍能在玉米的根围土壤、根、茎及叶组织中检测到标记菌株;激光共聚焦显微镜观察结果显示,接菌后的第9天,即可观察到其在玉米根、茎及叶部组织的定殖,表明Y19在玉米体内具有良好的运输传导性能。 相似文献
8.
为探究连作对玉米根际土壤真菌群落特征的影响，采用高通量测序技术分析轮作1年和连作5年、11年、25年和50年的玉米根际土壤真菌菌群落结构特征。结果表明，子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)、球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)4个门为真菌优势类群，占所有真菌的90%左右。在属分类水平下镰孢菌属(Fusarium)在连作11年的玉米根际土壤中丰度最高，为56%；在连作5年的玉米根际土壤中丰度最低，为6%。不同连作年限下玉米根际土壤中的主要功能真菌依次为植物病原/腐生/共生过渡型菌(Pathogen-Saprotroph-Symbiotroph)、腐生/共生过渡型菌(Saprotroph-Symbiotroph)、植物病原菌/腐生菌过渡型(Pathotroph-Saprotroph)、腐生菌(Saprotrophs)、共生菌(Symbiotroph)、植物病原菌(Pathotroph)和植物病原菌/腐生菌过渡型(Pathotroph-Saprotroph)，连作50年的玉米根际土壤中的功能真菌丰度最低，连作5年的根际土壤中功能真菌丰度最高。 相似文献
9.
以荧光显微计数法和平板分离法分别对桐花树根茎叶内生细菌总量和可培养细菌数量进行周年动态初步测定,并对拮抗植物病原菌的可培养细菌菌株进行筛选鉴定。结果表明:桐花树根茎叶内均含有大量的内生细菌,其中根部内生细菌总量为0.88×107~49.67×107ind./g FW,7月份最大,叶部细菌总量为1.07×107~65.07×107ind./g FW,也以7月份最大,茎部细菌总量为1.1×107~19.73×107ind./g FW,以5月份最大;而根茎叶可培养细菌含量分别为1.02×103~13.18×103、0.13×103~11.24×103、0.31×103~10.36×103CFU/g FW,均以3月份数量最大,周年不同月份之间细菌总量和可培养细菌数量均差异显著。用平板对峙生长法,从86株可培养内生细菌中筛选获得1株对香蕉叶鞘腐败病菌、香蕉枯萎病菌、马拉巴栗茎腐病等植物病原菌均有较强拮抗作用的Aec23菌株,经形态、生理生化测试及16S rDNA序列比较分析,Aec23菌株初步鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。 相似文献
10.
玉米秸秆不同还田方式对土壤有机质及微生物数量的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
2011～2015年采用玉米田间原位定位试验方法,探讨农户常规种植(根茬还田)、根茬+1/3秸秆还田、根茬+秸秆全量粉碎耕翻还田对土壤有机质及土壤微生物数量的影响。结果表明,根茬还田(对照)土壤有机质年下降0.14 g/kg,根茬+1/3秸秆还田和根茬+全部秸秆还田处理土壤有机质年分别提高0.03 g/kg和0.26 g/kg。同时,秸秆还田能显著增加细菌、真菌、放射菌、自生固氮菌、硝化细菌、纤维素分解菌的总体数量。根茬+1/3秸秆还田和根茬+秸秆全量粉碎耕翻还田后可使土壤有机质年提高,是吉林中部黑土农田提高土壤有机质可行的农艺措施。 相似文献
11.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
14.
先玉335、郑单958和京科968抗虫能力的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以先玉335、郑单958、京科968为材料,以玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)、黏虫(Mythimna separata)和禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)为供试昆虫,探究玉米品系大喇叭口期对玉米螟和黏虫及抽雄期对禾谷缢管蚜抗性差异,测定其主要抗虫化合物丁布类物质的含量。结果发现,京科968对玉米螟及禾谷缢管蚜抗性均高于另外两个品系;对黏虫的抗性,郑单958和京科968高于先玉335。大喇叭口期京科968中丁布类物质含量最高,抽雄期郑单958和京科968中主要丁布成分含量均高于先玉335,上述组织中丁布合成相关基因在郑单958及京科968中的表达量也均高于先玉335。本研究揭示杂交玉米抗虫性与抗性相关化合物含量及其相关基因表达间存在正向相关关系,为抗虫玉米分子育种提供理论参考。 相似文献
15.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive.
Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated
seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk.
Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than
in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d. 相似文献
17.
David Gramaje ngeles Aroca Rosa Raposo Jos García-Jimnez Josep Armengol 《Crop Protection》2009,28(12):1091-1097
The efficacy of fourteen selected fungicides against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum was evaluated in vitro by mycelial growth and conidial germination assays. Azoxystrobin, carbendazim and tebuconazole were the most effective fungicides against P. chlamydospora, while carbendazim and didecyldimethylammonium chloride were the most effective against P. aleophilum. An assay was also conducted with cubiet, hydroxyquinoline sulphate and didecyldimethylammonium chloride to determine their potential to prevent infections caused by these pathogens during the hydration stage in grapevine propagation. The results of this experiment demonstrated that P. chlamydospora and P. aleophilum were able to infect healthy cuttings during the hydration stage and showed that didecyldimethylammonium chloride was consistently the best treatment as a disinfectant soak for grapevine cuttings. Additionally, semi-commercial trials were conducted in two grapevine nurseries to evaluate the effectiveness of several strategies with carbendazim, flusilazole and hydroxyquinoline sulphate at different nursery stages. Soaking planting material in carbendazim during the hydration stage was the most effective treatment since neither P. chlamydospora nor P. aleophilum were isolated from planting material in either nursery. 相似文献
18.
D. R. Lynch R. L. Wastie H. E. Stewart G. R. Mackay G. D. Lyon A. Nachmias 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):297-304
Summary The phytotoxic components of the culture filtrate of the fungusAlternaria solani Sor, which causes early blight in potato, were used in this study to differentiate between resistant and susceptible genotypes
selected to represent a range of reactions when screened in the field. Detached leaflet assays, using spores and toxic metabolites
from the culture filtrate, were compared with field ratings and a whole-plant glasshouse test. Rank correlations between several
detached leaflet tests were highly significant (P<0.01) but the correlations between these tests and the glasshouse and field tests were poor. The disease ratings obtained
in the various tests were clustered into four groups and assigned to resistance classes. For many of the genotypes there was
a good correspondence between resistance classes for all test methods. Divergent results between tests were associated with
foliage maturity characteristics of the genotypes.
Contribution no. 3879050 of the Lethbridge Research Station. 相似文献
19.
Summary Tubers of clones from a diploid hybrid population ofSolanum phureja andS. stenotomum were screened for resistance to tuber soft rot caused by strains ofErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica (Eca),E. carotovora subsp.carotovora (Ecc) andE. chrysanthemi (Ech). Significant, positive correlations between resistance to the different strains and species were observed, indicating
that screening for resistance to tuber soft rot could be accomplished by using just one of the three pathogens. Strains of
Ecc and Ech were found to be much more virulent than strains of Eca. Inoculating with Ecc and Ech resulted in more distinct
differences among susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant clones than inoculating with Eca. 相似文献
20.
为了明确淀粉芽孢杆菌B9601-Y2(Y2)的促生长机制,通过摇瓶培养,检测其溶磷解钾固氮活性;通过盆栽试验,探索Y2对玉米生长量和溶磷解钾量的影响。结果表明,在第7天时,Y2固氮量为2.9 mg/L,解钾量为13.5μg/mL;在第4天时,溶磷量达732μg/mL。与空白对照相比,Y2发酵液能增加玉米株高28.29%,根长27.21%,叶宽18.56%,鲜重80.93%,干重66.67%;提高土壤中速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别为20.42%、111.01%和17.24%,提高植株氮、磷、钾含量45.46%、120.17%、68.45%。研究结果表明,Y2活化土壤中难溶性磷、钾和具有固氮能力,并能促进植株对氮、磷、钾营养的吸收利用。 相似文献