共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2014,(17)
为了研究复合化学处理对麦秸营养价值的影响,试验采用氧化钙(不添加和按麦秸风干重的2%、4%添加)-尿素(不添加和按麦秸风干重的2%、4%添加)-氯化钠(不添加和按麦秸风干重的0.5%、1%添加)复合处理麦秸,通过对麦秸处理前后营养成分进行分析,以及利用体外产气法对复合化学处理的麦秸进行了产气性能和降解率的测定。结果表明:只添加氧化钙和氯化钠而没有添加尿素的处理组出现了发霉状况,添加尿素的各处理组良好;添加尿素的复合化学处理组的粗蛋白(CP)水平显著高于未添加尿素的试验组和原料组(P0.05),复合化学处理组的有机物降解率(OMD)显著高于对照组和其他试验组(P0.05)。说明在本试验条件下,2%氧化钙+4%尿素+1%氯化钠共同处理是最适宜的麦秸复合化学处理法。 相似文献
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尿素-碳酸氢钠复合厌氧处理麦秸对崂山奶山羊养分表观消化率及氮平衡的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(23)
为了研究尿素-碳酸氢钠复合厌氧处理麦秸对崂山奶山羊养分表观消化率及氮平衡的影响,试验采用单因素随机分组设计,将体重、产奶量、体况相近的崂山奶山羊12只随机分成4组,饲粮均由混合精料、全株玉米青贮、秸秆按4∶3∶3比例混合而成,4组秸秆分别为干麦秸、复合碱贮麦秸、干玉米秸、干花生秧,测定奶山羊养分表观消化率及氮平衡指标。结果表明:复合碱贮麦秸组的干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)及氮消化率显著高于干麦秸组(P0.05),与干玉米秸组、干花生秧组差异不显著(P0.05);复合碱贮麦秸组中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)表观消化率极显著高于其他3组(P0.01);复合碱贮麦秸组总能(GE)表观消化率显著高于干麦秸组和干花生秧组(P0.05);复合碱贮麦秸组氮沉积率极显著高于其他3组(P0.01)。说明尿素碳酸氢钠复合厌氧碱贮麦秸具有较好的饲用价值。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究不同厌氧碱化处理对新鲜麦秸感官指标及营养成分的影响,为秸秆饲料化处理提供理论依据。试验将新鲜麦秸分别用2.5%碳酸氢钠、4%尿素以及2.5%碳酸氢钠+4%尿素(复合处理)厌氧处理,时间为10、20、30、40、55、70 d,分析不同处理对麦秸感官指标及营养成分的影响。结果表明:碳酸氢钠组有霉变现象,尿素组及复合处理组感官指标良好;尿素组、复合处理组较碳酸氢钠组极显著提高了粗蛋白(CP)含量(P0.01),复合处理组极显著高于尿素组(P0.01);尿素组和复合处理组较碳酸氢钠组显著降低了中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量(P0.05),极显著降低了半纤维素(HCEL)含量(P0.01),复合处理组的效率优于尿素组;3种处理对酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、纤维素(CEL)影响较小。综上可知,碳酸氢钠-尿素复合处理鲜麦秸可改善秸秆营养品质,提高尿素处理秸秆的效率。 相似文献
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本试验用四只装有瘤胃瘘管的绵羊(平均体重21.3公斤)喂以氨化和未氨化麦秸与高(75％)低(25％)麦秸水平(2×2析因试验设计)组成的四种配合饲粮进行了4×4拉丁方试验。氨化麦秸用尿素(4.3公斤/100公斤秸杆)进行垛法处理。对处理麦秸的化学成份变化和麦秸处理与否及日粮中麦秸水平对绵羊采食量、消化率、瘤胃发酵特性、瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成、N 贮留及瘤胃消化动力学的影响进行了研究。结果表明:1.在本试验条件下,尿素氨化处理麦秸使其粗蛋白含量提高1.2倍,半纤维素、纤维素 相似文献
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化学处理提高甘蔗渣营养价值的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
甘蔗渣细胞壁物质含量高达90 % ,木质素含量为13.5 % ,粗蛋白含量为2.3 %。通过尿素、Ca(OH)2和NaOH处理后 ,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和木质素均有不同程度的下降 ,而体外有机物消化率(IVOMD)明显提高。其中 ,尿素的作用较小 ,Ca(OH)2 作用次之 ,尿素和Ca(OH)2 处理后IVOMD只能达到麦秸的水平 ,只有加入NaOH才能获得较满意的效果。甘蔗渣通过30g 尿素 +70gCa(OH) 2 g/kgDM、30g尿素 +70gCa(OH)2+20gNaOHg/kgDM、30g 尿素 +40gNaOHg/kgDM、30g尿素 +80NaOHg/kgDM处理后 ,体外有机物消化率从原来的21.82 %分别提高到33.93 %、40.05 %、35.38 %和58.32 %。 相似文献
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比较了没有处理和分别用4%NaOH、2.5%尿素以及4%NaOH加2.5%尿素共同处理的大麦和小麦秸秆的化学成份;In Sacco干物质;有机物质和氮的消失率;In Vitro有机物质消化率;In Vitro细菌蛋白质的产量、挥发性脂肪酸产量以及个别酸的比例等指标。同时还估计了两种秸秆经不同方法处理以后代谢能的含量。结果表明,经NaOH和NaOH加尿素处理后,NDF含量大麦桔杆和小麦秸秆各下降的比例为:29.77%,15.02%和22.75%、16.35%。半纤维素含量各自下降15.89%、10.11%和12.77%、12.68%。而细胞内容物两种处理的秸秆则以相等的比例增加。用尿素及NaOH加尿素处理氮的含量分别增加10%(大麦秸)和25.64%(小麦秸)和22.29%(大麦秸)及31.79%(小麦秸)。经NaOH处理以后在72小时的培养期干物质的消失率比对照组增加率,大麦58.72%,小麦77.71%;而经尿素处理后的相对增加率为15.70%(大麦秸)和23.21%(小麦桔)。NaOH加尿素处理后相应为59.85%和62.04%。变量分析表明处理方法间的差异是高度显著的(P<0.01)。有机物质的消失率和干物质表现出同样的趋势。尼隆袋中氮的消失率由于培养期间细菌和原虫的出没表现复杂而多变。但经NaOH和NaOH加尿素处理以后由于细胞膜的破裂,氮的消失率表现出增加的倾向。与没有处理秸秆的相比,经处理的秸秆,特别是经NaOH和NaOH加尿素处理,其In Vtro有机物质的消化率明显增加。增加的比例是:大麦秸54.3%和48.43%;小麦秸相应为34.01%和51.64%。若按24和48小时培养期估计的每1公斤可消化有机物质的微生物蛋白质产量的克数比较,经尿素处理后这一指标(24小时,大麦31.81克,小麦50.18克;48小时各为100.38和133.63克)比对照组提高(大麦24小时21.69克,小麦8.63克;大麦48小时87.75克,小麦110.31克)。但经NaOH或NaOH加尿素处理后,不仅没有提高,反而有下降趋势。这是由于所增加的可消化有机物质没有伴之以相应增加氮源之故。然而,只依赖补充尿素而不添加自然来源的蛋白质也不能提高细菌蛋白质的产量。总挥发性脂肪酸的试验表明,NaOH加尿素处理、NaOH和尿素单独处理都有提高每管中的总酸量,但按每公斤有机物质计,则没有明显增加,甚至减少。个别酸的比例属于正常范围。按照Dan Brawer(1969)的公式所计算的代谢能的含量,只有经NaOH和NaOH加尿素处理的大麦秸秆才达到18兆卡/公斤这个有利于产奶量的标准。 相似文献
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E. Ghasemi M. Khorvash G. R. Ghorbani F. Elmamouz 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2014,98(1):100-106
This study investigates the effects of feeding diet based on untreated (UT) or ensiled alkali‐treated (ET) barley straw with either urea or casein supplementation, on feed intake, digestibility, ruminal pH, water intake and faecal and urinary characteristics. Four sheep fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Barley straw was treated by the dry (spraying) method in pH adjusted of hydrogen peroxide (pH 11.5), ensiled for 6 weeks and included at 65% of the diet dry matter (DM). The results showed that straw pH reduced from 11.58 to 8.60 after 6 weeks of ensilage. The ET diet increased average DM digestibility and intake by 19% and 43% respectively. Total water intake was similar across treatments, while the water/DM intake ratio was 23% higher with the UT diet than with the ET one. Ruminal (6.73 vs. 6.84) and faecal (8.67 vs. 9.05) pH decreased but urinary pH (6.14 vs. 8.13) increased as a result of feeding animals on the ET diet compared with the UT diet. Compared with the UT diet, the ET one decreased faecal fibre (12%), moisture (32%) and water holding capacity, while it increased faecal ash (10%) and density (20%). The volume of urine excreted by the sheep fed with the ET diet increased by 67%, but their urine specific gravity (SG) decreased. No significant effects were observed for the dietary N supplementation and interactions between straw type × N supplementation with regard to any of the measured characteristics except for DM intake, which reduced due to the casein supplementation in the ET diet. These results indicate that the alkali treatment and ensilage of barley straw increased digestibility, intake, faecal consistency and urinary pH and dilution but decreased straw alkalinity as well as ruminal and faecal pH. 相似文献
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N balance experiments were carried out with lambs of the ages of 8, 12 and 15 weeks fed with wheat rations with and without 2% urea supplement (N 1 and N 2) as well as with 3% urea and 20% straw (N 3) or with a soya bean meal supplement (N 4). There were no significant differences in the digestibility of the crude nutrients and in per cent of N retention between the individual ages. The straw supplement decreased the digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, crude fibre and NfE. The supplements of soya bean meal or urea increased the crude protein content in comparison to the wheat ration without supplements by 6% in the dry matter and resulted in N intakes 55 ... 60% higher and in 23 ... 38% higher N retention, which was, however, lower in relation to N intake. There were no significant differences with regard to N retention between N 2, N 3 and N 4. Consequently urea supplement to the feed mixture with 14% native crude protein resulted in increased N retention, which was not lower than with a soya bean meal supplement. 相似文献
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Yang Cao Yanqing Zang Renlong Lv Toshiyoshi Takahashi Norio Yoshida Huanmin Yang 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(3):219-226
Four cattle were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to study digestibility, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen retention and preference of ensiling pruned persimmon branch (PPB) chips treated with urea. After 60 days of ensiling, urea‐treated PPB showed higher (P < 0.05) pH, acetic acid and ammonia‐N levels than no‐urea PPB. Both urea‐treated PPB and rice straw diets showed higher (P < 0.05) apparent digestibility and digestible nutrient content in cattle than no‐urea PPB diet. Neither mold nor yeast was detected in any urea‐treated PPB. Urinary and fecal excretion as well as nitrogen retention in cattle fed urea‐treated PPB were higher (P < 0.05) than in those fed no‐urea PPB and rice straw. With the exception that ruminal ammonia‐N levels in cattle fed urea‐treated PPB were higher (P < 0.05) than in those given no‐urea PPB and rice straw, ruminal pH, volatile fatty acid concentrations, and the acetic : propionic acid ratio of rumen content were unaffected by diets. The rank order of preference was rice straw > low‐urea > no‐urea > high‐urea. The results suggested that urea treatment of PPB inhibited growth of mold and yeast during silage storage, enhanced its digestibility and had nutritive value almost equivalent to that of rice straw. 相似文献
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化学处理对秸秆秕壳的瘤胃有机物降解率的影响 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
用3头带瘤胃瘘管的杂交肉丰测定谷草、稻草、玉米秸、糜黍秸、莜麦秸、麦秸、荞麦秸、麦壳、白薯蔓、苜蓿秸、花生壳、豆荚的未经处理、尿素氯化处理、(尿素+石灰)复合化学处理的有机物瘤胃动态降解率(％)分别为51.03、52.28、55.64;34.34、42.74、48.32;39.62、48.93、49.54;44.86、50.16、55.03;33.89、44.00、48.45;31.70、44.63、46.09;47.19、58.13、59.84;34.75、41.91、42.98;56 01、56.97、55.52;32.66、32.88、34.41;14.85、16.17、16.48;40.79、41.48、45.34。除谷草、白薯蔓、苜蓿秸、豆荚外,经氨化及复合化学处理后均能显著提高有机物的瘤胃动态降解率(P<0.05),且处理后稻草、玉米秸、麦秸的不同结构碳水化合物也发生明显变化,瘤胃动态降解率与不同结构碳水化合物含量有高度相关(R=0.82)。 相似文献
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In experiments with colostomized broiler hens apparent digestibility of the crude nutrients of the ration after straw meal supplements of 20, 30 and 40 g per animal was determined. In addition, the 15N digestibility of straw meal and wheat was ascertained on the basis of straw meal supplements. The digestibility of the crude nutrients of the rations decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) after the straw meal supplement. The adaptation of the test animals to the straw meal intake resulted, at a daily consumption of 20 g straw meal, in an increase of the apparent crude fat digestibility (P less than 0.05) in dependence on the time of straw meal feeding, in which the original values without straw meal supplement were not reached. The digestibility of the 15N excess (15N') of the wheat was, at 86 +/- 1%, largely independent of the straw meal intake. The apparent digestibility of the straw-15N excess in broiler hens of 42 +/- 8 to 55 +/- 2% is surprisingly high. 相似文献
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The effects of ammoniation of wheat straw on site and extent of digestion of nutrients by cattle and the nutritive value of the N added to the straw were studied using eight Hereford steers during three consecutive 21-d periods and analyzed in an incomplete block design with steers and periods as orthogonal blocking factors. The steers, approximately 30 mo old and weighing 360 +/- 24 kg, were cannulated in the rumen, duodenum and ileum. Diets consisted of untreated (US) or ammoniated (AS) wheat straw supplemented with a mineral-vitamin mixture. Steers fed US received four supplements in which the percentages of supplemental N from soybean meal (SBM) and urea were 0:100; 33:67; 67:33 or 100:0. Percentage of N and in vitro DM digestibility values were increased in US by the ammoniation process from .42 to 1.82 and 34.8 to 54.3, respectively. Total tract digestibility of OM consumed was similar among treatments, although total tract digestibility of dietary N was decreased by ammoniation. Ammoniation doubled (P less than .05) the synthesis of microbial N per unit of dietary OM truly fermented in the rumen. When SBM and urea were fed in combination they depressed (P less than .10) microbial N flow and synthesis of microbial N per unit of OM truly fermented more than each depressed flow and synthesis individually. The nutritive value of the increased N of AS was equivalent to between 67 and 100% of SBM N based on amounts (g/d) of non-ammonia N apparently digested in the small intestine. 相似文献
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对小麦秸秆进行氨化和微贮处理、分析,发现氨化麦秸CP含量高于未处理麦秸255.80%(P>0.05),微贮麦秸CP含量无大的变化,其含量同未处理麦秸;微贮后的半纤维素含量低于未处理麦秸27.10%(P<0.05),低于氨化麦秸15%(P>0.05),氨化麦秸的半纤维素含量低于未处理麦秸14%(P>0.05);中性洗涤纤维(NDF)氨化麦秸和微贮麦秸均低于未处理麦秸(P>0.05),但酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)又高于氨化麦秸和未处理麦秸(P>0.05)。 相似文献