首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Field experiments were conducted in 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 to evaluate the relative performance of synthetic (black polyethylene) and organic (paddy husk and straw) mulches on soil and plant water status vis-a-vis N uptake in wheat in a semi-arid environment of India. Scope of better utilization of soil moisture was documented through all the mulches, especially during initial crop growth stages, when the moisture content was 1-3% higher in mulches. Soil temperature was more moderate under organic mulches. Paddy husk recorded significantly higher plant biomass, while the effect of mulching in enhancing root growth was clearly documented. Organic mulches produced more roots (25 and 40% higher root weight and root length densities compared to no-mulch) in sub-surface (>0.15 m) layers, probably due to greater retention of soil moisture in deeper layers and relatively narrow range of soil temperature changes under these systems. Incremental N dose significantly improved all the plant parameters in both mulch and no-mulch treatments. Grain yield was 13-21% higher under mulch and so with increasing N levels. Nitrogen uptake was higher in organic mulches and also with higher N doses, while polyethylene mulch showed mixed trend. Mulches were effective in reducing 3-11% crop water use and improved its efficiency by 25%. Grain yield and biomass were well-correlated with leaf area index (r = 0.87 and 0.91, respectively) and water use was better correlated with root length than its weight. Results indicated substantial improvement in water and N use efficiency and crop growth in wheat under surface mulching, and the organic mulches, especially rice husk performed better than synthetic mulches.  相似文献   

2.
Depleting groundwater resources in Indian Punjab call for diversifying from rice to crops with low evapo-transpiration needs and adopting water-saving technologies. Soybean offers a diversification option in coarse- to medium-textured soils. However, its productivity in these soils is constrained by high soil mechanical resistance and high soil temperature during early part of the growing season. These constraints can be alleviated through irrigation, deep tillage and straw mulching. This 3-years field study examines the individual and combined effects of irrigation, deep tillage, and straw mulching regimes on soybean yield and water productivity (WP) in relation to soil texture. Combinations of two irrigation regimes viz., full irrigation (If), and partial irrigation (Ip) in the main plot; two tillage regimes viz., conventional-till (CT)-soil stirring to 0.10 m depth, and deep tillage (DT)-chiseling down to 0.35 m depth followed by CT in the subplot; and two mulch rates viz., 0 (M0) and 6 t ha−1 (M) in the sub-subplot on two soils differing in available water capacity were evaluated.Seed yield was greater in the sandy loam than in the loamy sand reflecting the effects of available water capacity. Irrigation effects were greater on loamy sand (40%) than on sandy loam (5%) soil. Deep tillage benefits were also more on loamy sand (14%) compared to sandy loam (5%) soil. Yield gains with mulching were comparable on the two soils (19%). An evaluation of interaction effects showed that mulching response was slightly more in Ip (20%) than in If regimes (17%) in the sandy loam; while in the loamy sand, mulching gains were comparable (18-19%) in both irrigation regimes. Benefits of deep tillage in the loamy sand soil were more in Ip (20%) than in If regimes (17%). Deep tillage and straw mulching enhanced WP (ratio of seed yield/water use) from 1.39 to 1.97 kg ha−1 mm−1 in Ip regime, and from 1.87 to 2.33 kg ha−1 mm−1 in If regime in the loamy sand soil. These effects on WP were less in the sandy loam soil with greater available water capacity. Yield and WP gains are ascribed to deeper and denser rooting due to moderation of soil temperature and water conservation with straw mulching and tillage-induced reduction in soil mechanical resistance. Root mass in CTM0, CTM, DTM0 and DTM was 2.79, 5.88, 5.34 and 5.58 mg cm−2 at pod-filling in the loamy sand soil. Comparable yield responses to deep tillage or mulching in the loamy sand soil suggest that either of the options, depending on their cost and availability considerations, can be employed for improving soybean yield and water productivity.  相似文献   

3.
Irrigation management strategy invites the quantification of crop response to irrigation frequencies. Conventionally, mulches increase the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) to a great extent by augmenting the water status in the root zone profile. A field study was carried out during the winter season (November-March) of 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 at the Central Research Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (Latitude 22°58′N, Longitude 88°31′E and altitude 9.75 m amsl), Gayeshpur, India, to evaluate the effect of irrigation frequencies and mulches on evapotranspiration rate from tomato crop field as well as leaf area index (LAI), fruit yield and WUE of the crop. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design where three irrigation treatments {rainfed (RF); CPE50 and CPE25 where irrigation was given at 50 and 25 mm of cumulative pan evaporation (CPE)} were kept in the main plots and the subplots contained four mulch managements {no mulch (NM), rice straw mulch (RSM), white polyethylene mulch (WPM) and black polyethylene mulch (BPM)}. Under CPE25, tomato crop recorded significantly higher leaf area index (LAI) over CPE50 and rainfed condition. LAI value under BPM was 9-30% more over other mulches. Maximum variation of LAI among different treatments was recorded at 60 days after transplanting (DAT). Fruit yield under CPE25 was 39.4 Mg ha−1; a reduction of 7 and 30% has been obtained under CPE50 and RF condition. The use of mulch increased 23-57% yield in comparison to NM condition. Actual evapotranspiration rate (ETR) was 1.82 mm day−1 under CPE25 and declined by 15 and 31% under CPE50 and RF condition, respectively. The variation of ETR among different mulches became more prominent under maximum water stressed (RF) condition, whereas the variation was negligible under CPE25 frequency. Irrespective of mulching WUE was highest under moderately wet (CPE50) soil environment. Among different mulches, BPM was responsible for attaining the highest WUE value (25.1 kg m−3), which declined by 22, 21 and 39% under WPM, RSM and NM, respectively.  相似文献   

4.
The yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), one of the major crops planted in the Loess Plateau, China, is mainly affected by available water. Straw mulch and irrigation are efficient ways of influencing wheat yield and water-use efficiency. To develop better semiarid crop and water management practices, a 13-year experiment in spring wheat monoculture was conducted at the Dingxi Soil and Water Conservation Institute of the Loess Plateau. The influence of rainfall during the growing season (March–July) on yields of rain-fed wheat was studied for 13 years (1982–1992 and 1997–1998). The influence of straw mulch and irrigation on wheat yield, and water-use efficiency, was studied for 2 years (1997–1998). We found that growing season rainfall had a significant (P < 0.05) influence on biomass and grain yield of spring wheat in rain-fed conditions during the 13 years. Both biomass and grain yield were very low and varied significantly due to the low and significant variability of growing season rainfall. Straw mulch increased wheat yields significantly during both dry (1997) and wet (1998) years. It increased biomass and grain yield by 37 and 52%, respectively, in 1997, and by 20 and 26%, respectively, in 1998. Straw mulch also significantly decreased evapotranspiration (P < 0.05), soil water depletion (P < 0.01), and increased water-use efficiency (P < 0.001). Biomass and grain yield both increased (P < 0.01 orP < 0.001) with increasing irrigation in 1997 and 1998. The three irrigation levels increased the biomass yield from 34 to 66% in 1997, and from 34 to 77% in 1998. The irrigation levels also increased grain yield from 53 to 102% in 1997, and from 22 to 57% in 1998. Water-use efficiency for biomass and grain yield also increased with increasing irrigation. On the other hand, irrigation water-use efficiency for biomass and grain yield decreased with increasing irrigation. The results suggest that higher crop yields in the semiarid Loess Plateau may be achieved by using irrigation, or a proper combination of straw mulch and irrigation.  相似文献   

5.
In semi-arid areas, crop growth is greatly limited by water. Amount of available water in soil can be increased by surface mulching and other soil management practices. Field experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 at Gaolan, Gansu, China, to determine the influence of ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting system (RFRHS), surface mulching and supplementary irrigation (SI) in various combinations on rainwater harvesting, amount of moisture in soil, water use efficiency (WUE), biomass yield of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolour L.) and seed yield of maize (Zea mays L.). In conventional fields without RFRHS, gravel-sand mulching produced higher biomass yield than plastic-mulching or straw-mulching. In plastic-mulched fields, an increasing amount of supplemental irrigation was needed to improve crop yield. There was no effect of RFRHS without plastic-covered ridge on rainwater harvesting when natural precipitation was less than 5 mm per event. This was due to little runoff of rainwater from frequent low precipitation showers, and most of the harvested rainwater gathered at the soil surface is lost to evaporation. In the RFRHS, crop yield and WUE were higher with plastic-covered ridges than bare ridges, and also higher with gravel-sand-mulched furrows than bare furrows in most cases, or straw-mulched furrows in some cases. This was most likely due to decreased evaporation with plastic or gravel-sand mulch. In the RFRHS with plastic-covered ridges and gravel-sand-mulched furrows, application of 30 mm supplemental irrigation produced the highest yield and WUE for sweet sorghum and maize in most cases. In conclusion, the findings suggested the integrated use of RFRHS, mulching and supplementary irrigation to improve rainwater availability for high sustainable crop yield. However, the high additional costs of supplemental irrigation and construction of RFRHS for rainwater harvesting need to be considered before using these practices on a commercial scale.  相似文献   

6.
不同覆盖方式对土壤水肥热状况以及玉米产量影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
【目的】阐明不同覆盖方式对调节土壤水肥热状况以及增加玉米产量的影响。【方法】设置地膜覆盖、玉米秸秆覆盖和不覆盖3种方式,研究了不同覆盖方式对土壤含水率、土壤养分、土壤温度与玉米产量的影响。【结果】在玉米的生长前、中期,秸秆覆盖与地膜覆盖处理的保墒效果均优于不覆盖处理,其中0~60 cm土层土壤含水率差异明显;玉米进入成熟期后,秸秆覆盖处理0~60 cm土层含水率显著高于地膜覆盖和不覆盖处理,平均高8.23%和22.41%。秸秆覆盖能够促进浅层土壤养分量的提高,相较于不覆盖,秸秆覆盖的速效钾与有效磷量分别增加了15.11%、85.13%;相比地膜覆盖和不覆盖,生长前期秸秆覆盖温度更高,生长期和成熟期秸秆覆盖温度更低。地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖的玉米产量分别比不覆盖高24.02%、24.90%,差异显著(P<0.05)。【结论】玉米秸秆覆盖能够提高土壤养分与水分,调节土壤温度,增加玉米产量。  相似文献   

7.
以西北旱区河西民勤灌区为研究区,2017年采取田间监测试验与室内机理试验相结合、田间小区控制试验和理论分析相结合的研究方法,对食葵进行不同方式覆盖种植,覆盖方式设有3个水平:无覆盖（CK）、秸秆覆盖（S）和碎麦秸垫膜覆盖（SF）,灌溉定额采用当地农户普遍采用定额900 m3/hm2,观测分析不同覆盖方式下0～120 cm土壤含水量、土壤温度和食葵产量,从而选择最优覆盖方式。试验结果表明:整个生育期内土壤贮水量在不同覆盖方式下均表现为SF＞S＞CK,秸秆覆盖（S）、碎麦秸垫膜覆盖（SF）较无覆盖（CK）提高了2.1%和12.9%;观测6个土层（0、5、10、15、20和25 cm）地温,不同覆盖方式下地温均随土层深度增加而下降,S和SF处理下的地温较CK散失更缓慢,有一定保温效果;不同覆盖方式下食葵的株高、茎粗和叶面积在各个生育期均表现为SF＞S＞CK,SF处理下湿基含水率也高于其他两种方式。从食葵生物产量和土壤贮水量结果分析,试验区食葵种植使用碎麦秸垫膜覆盖有较好的保墒增产效果。   相似文献   

8.
果园秸秆覆盖是西北旱区果业提质增效的有效途径,但人工作业的低效性制约了该技术的发展。本研究旨在探明秸秆原料切碎/粉碎加工对覆盖土壤水分和温度的影响,为秸秆机械化覆盖技术开发提供理论依据。本文以切碎加工的小麦(CW)、玉米(CC)、大豆秸秆(CS)和粉碎加工的小麦(SW)、玉米(SC)、大豆秸秆(SS)为覆盖基质,以无覆盖处理(CK)为对照,在室外容器中模拟研究秸秆—薄土分层覆盖在果园土壤保墒、保温、抑制杂草方面的效果。结果表明:试验期内,各覆盖处理的底层土壤含水率均高于CK,切碎、粉碎秸秆覆盖的土壤含水率分别高于CK 3.16%和2.35%。小麦、玉米秸秆切碎覆盖的土壤保墒效果优于粉碎覆盖,而大豆秸秆相反。各覆盖处理均有效地减小底层土壤全天的温度波动,即在早、晚提高土壤温度,而午间则降低土壤温度。小麦、玉米秸秆粉碎覆盖的土壤保温效果略优于切碎覆盖,而大豆秸秆相反。从3种秸秆的土壤保温效果综合评价,切碎、粉碎加工方式对其影响不明显。各覆盖处理均有明显地隔离上、下层土壤水分交换的效果,能起到抑制杂草的作用。CW、CC和CS处理的表土层和底土层土壤含水率差值分别为9.50%、9.05%和9.18%,而对应的SW、SC和SS处理差值分别为8.1 3%、8.2 8%和9.4 7%。综合分析秸秆切碎、粉碎加工对分层覆盖土壤水热的影响,认为果园秸秆分层机械化覆盖中,秸秆加工应优先采用切碎方式。  相似文献   

9.
Soil water supply is the main limiting factor to crop production across the Loess Plateau, China. A 2-year field experiment was conducted at the Changwu agro-ecosystem research station to evaluate various water management practices for achieving favorable grain yield (GY) with high water use efficiency (WUE) of spring maize (Zea mays L.). Four practices were examined: a rain-fed (RF) system as the control; supplementary irrigation (SI); film mulching (FM); and straw mulching (SM) (in 2008 only). The soil profile water storage (W) and the crop evapotranspiration (ET) levels were studied during the maize growing season, and the GY as well as the WUE were also compared. The results showed that mean soil water storage in the top 200 cm of the profile was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the SI (380 mm in 2007, 411 mm in 2008) and SM (414 mm in 2008) compared to the FM (361 mm in 2007, 381 mm in 2008) and RF (360 mm in 2007, 384 mm in 2008) treatments. The soil water content was lower at the end of growing season than before planting in the 60-140 cm part of the profile in both the RF and FM treatments. Cumulative ET and average crop coefficiency (Kc) throughout the whole maize growing season were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the SI (ET, 501 mm in 2007, 431 mm in 2008; Kc, 1.0 in 2007, 0.9 in 2008) treatment than in the other treatments. Both FM and SI significantly improved the GY. The WUE were increased significantly (23-25%; P < 0.05) under the FM treatment. It was concluded that both SI and FM are beneficial for improving the yield of spring maize on the Loess Plateau. However, FM is preferable because of the shortage of available water in the area.  相似文献   

10.
在宁南旱区,采用免耕、深松、翻耕结合秸秆、地膜等覆盖耕作措施,以翻耕不覆盖为对照,研究覆盖耕作模式下休闲期土壤的蓄水保墒效果、马铃薯生育期土壤水分的变化特征及对作物生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:在休闲末期,不同覆盖耕作处理下0~200 cm土层土壤蓄水量均比休闲初期明显提高.与翻耕不覆盖处理相比,免耕覆盖地膜、深松覆盖地膜和翻耕覆盖地膜处理0~200 cm土层土壤蓄水量分别比对照处理提高7.6%,9.3%和8.0%.马铃薯生育前期,覆盖地膜结合不同耕作措施下0~200 cm土层土壤蓄水量最高,生育中后期覆盖秸秆结合不同耕作处理对0~200 cm土层土壤保水效果最佳.覆盖地膜结合不同耕作处理能促进马铃薯生育前期的生长,生育中后期以覆盖秸秆结合不同耕作处理促进作用最为显著.不同覆盖耕作处理均能提高马铃薯的产量和水分利用效率,增产效果以免耕覆盖秸秆、深松覆盖秸秆和翻耕覆盖秸秆处理最为显著,分别较对照组增产51.2%,42.8%和35.3%,水分利用效率分别比对照组提高50.0%,42.3%和32.3%.可见,覆盖秸秆结合不同耕作处理的增产效果和提高水分利用效率最高.  相似文献   

11.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of applied water and sprinkler irrigation uniformity on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) growth and hay yield in a semi-arid region. Field experiments were carried out in 2006 in Varamin, Iran, on three plots of 25 m × 30 m. Each plot was subdivided into 25 subplots of 5 m × 6 m. Different irrigation depths and sprinkler water uniformities were obtained by various scenarios of sprinkler nozzle pressure. In each plot, applied water was measured at 250 points (125 points above and 125 points below canopy) and the soil water content of 40 cm deep below soil surface was monitored at 25 points, each in the center of a subplot, throughout the irrigation season. The results showed that sprinkler water and soil water content uniformity varied between 66-78 and 88-91%, respectively. The findings revealed that soil water content uniformity was around 20% higher than sprinkler water uniformity. The irrigation uniformity below the canopy was estimated to be 2.5% greater than above the canopy, and canopy-intercepted water could account for 11-15% of the total seasonal applied water. Evaluation showed that alfalfa leaf area index relies more heavily on farm water application uniformity than hay yield and crop height. The experimental results illustrated that water distribution in sprinkler irrigation systems has a direct effect on alfalfa growth, hay yield and water productivity such that the applied water reduction and the increased sprinkler water uniformity led to an increased alfalfa water productivity of 2.41 kg m−3.  相似文献   

12.
不同麦秆覆盖量对夏玉米耗水量和生理性状的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  
采用盆栽试验方法,研究了覆盖小麦秸秆保墒措施+灌溉条件下,对夏玉米生育期耗水量、生理性状和光合特性的影响,其中秸秆覆盖量分别为0(对照)、3000、6000、9000和12000 kg/hm2。结果表明:秸秆覆盖显著地减少了夏玉米生育期耗水量、增加了玉米株高和叶面积,秸秆覆盖量9000 kg/hm2时效果最佳;夏玉米的光合速率和蒸腾速率随着秸秆覆盖量的增大而增加。  相似文献   

13.
Soil evaporation (Es) is considered to be a non-productive component of evapotranspiration (ET). So, measures which moderate Es may influence the amount of water available for transpiration (T), the productive component of ET. Field experiments investigating the effects of rice straw mulch on components of the water balance of irrigated wheat were conducted during 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 in Punjab, India, on a clay loam soil. Daily Es was measured using mini-lysimeters, and total seasonal ET was estimated as the missing term in the water balance equation. Mulch lowered total Es over the crop growth season by 35 and 40 mm in relatively high and low rainfall years, respectively. Much of this “saved water” was partitioned into T, which increased by 30 and 37 mm in the high and low rainfall years, respectively. As a result, total ET was not affected by mulch in either year. In both years, there was a trend for higher biomass production and grain yield with mulch, but with significant differences only in 2006-2007. Transpiration efficiency (TE) with respect to grain yield was 18.8-19.1 kg ha−1 mm−1 in 2006-2007, and 14.6-16.4 kg ha−1 mm−1 in 2007-2008. While wheat grown in the presence of mulch tended to lower TE, this was only significant in 2007-2008. The results suggest that while mulching of well-irrigated wheat reduces Es, it does not “save” water because the crop compensates by increased T and reduced TE.  相似文献   

14.
Conventional sprinkler irrigation methods used in a Mediterranean desert climate include pre-irrigation to wet the rooting zone of the soil profile to field capacity, followed by light irrigation daily during the germination period, and thereafter by the irrigation schedule appropriate for the crop and season. When brackish water is used under the high-evaporation conditions of the desert summer, the light daily irrigations during the germination period result in rapid salinization of the seedbed and in very poor germination. However, in soils with high water infiltration rates, these problems can be averted by omitting pre-irrigation, and applying all the water thus saved for leaching of the seedbed during the germination period.

In a field experiment with tomatoes, the application of 215 mm brackish water (ECi = 4.4 dS/m) during a 10-day period after sowing on a flat soil surface resulted in an effective leaching of salt from the upper 5 cm soil layer and in a five-fold increase in the number of germinated seedlings compared to the conventional method of irrigation with the same water. When brackish water was used with the conventional irrigation schedule, sowing in shallow furrows tripled the number of germinated seedlings compared to sowing on a flat seedbed, and the use of a mulch of wood chips quadrupled the number of germinated seedlings compared to no mulching.  相似文献   


15.
为探究夏玉米根系分布及产量对优化井渠轮灌模式下秸秆覆盖的动态响应,设置“渠井渠”灌溉模式下常规覆膜（FM）、秸秆表覆（BF）和秸秆深埋（SM）,全渠水灌溉的常规覆膜为对照（CK）4种处理,于2018年和2019年在河套灌区开展了不同耕作模式田间试验。结果表明,CK处理夏玉米根系分布呈浅宽型,根长密度随土层加深而降低,根长密度集中点在表层0~20cm;优化井渠轮灌模式下,常规覆膜（FM）根长密度集中点在10~30cm,提高深层根长密度不显著;秸秆覆盖显著提高根长密度（P<0.05）,BF处理根系呈宽浅型分布,根长密度集中点在0~20cm,较CK处理的0~20cm土层根长密度提高19.6%（P<0.05）;SM处理根系呈深扎型分布,根长密度集中点下移至20~40cm,显著提高大于40cm土层根长密度,较CK提高91.7%（P<0.05）;各处理水平方向根长密度近似呈以植株为中心的标准正态分布,分布半径约15cm;优化井渠轮灌模式显著降低夏玉米生育期耗水和提高水分利用效率（P<0.05）,但FM和BF较CK平均减产10.1%和1.3%;SM综合效果较佳,较CK平均增产8.9%,水分利用效率平均提高41.4%。该研究可为河套灌区合理安全利用地下微咸水资源、丰富井渠轮灌理论体系及节水增产提供借鉴。  相似文献   

16.
微咸水灌溉与土壤水盐调控研究进展   总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22  
随着淡水资源短缺的日益加剧,合理开发利用微咸水已成为缓解水资源供需矛盾的重要途径之一。由于微咸水中含有大量盐分,用其灌溉必然增加土壤盐分,影响作物生长和土地质量。因此,采取有效措施调控土壤水盐状况成为微咸水安全利用的基础。本文较详细地回顾了微咸水灌溉条件下土壤水盐运移特征、微咸水入渗模型和水盐运移模型、微咸水灌溉方法、微咸水灌溉对作物生长的影响、土壤水盐调控方法等方面的研究进展,并结合目前研究中关注的核心问题,提出了微咸水安全利用方面需要重点研究的科学和技术问题,为进一步研究微咸水灌溉对土壤和作物生长的影响和其内在机制,以及构建合理利用微咸水灌溉模式提供参考。  相似文献   

17.
Comparative studies of drainage and leaching under tillage systems in irrigated tropical and sub-tropical Vertisols are sparse. The objective of this study was to quantify drainage under cotton-based cropping systems sown on permanent beds in an irrigated Vertisol. Drainage and soil water storage were measured with the chloride mass balance method and neutron moisture meter, respectively, during the 2002-03, 2004-05, 2006-07 and 2008-09 cotton seasons in an on-going experiment in a Vertisol in NW NSW. The experimental treatments were: cotton monoculture sown either after conventional tillage or on permanent beds, and a cotton-wheat rotation on permanent beds where the wheat stubble was retained as in situ mulch into which the following cotton crop was sown. Subject to in-crop rainfall, irrigation frequency varied between 7 and 14 days for cotton and 2-3 months for wheat. In 2005, a split-plot design was superimposed on the existing experiment such that the main-plot treatments were irrigation frequency (“frequent”, 7-14-day irrigation interval; “infrequent”, 14-21-day irrigation interval), and sub-plot treatments were the historical tillage system/crop rotation combinations. In comparison with cotton monoculture sown either after conventional tillage or on permanent beds, soil water storage, particularly during the early part of growing season when rainfall provided the major proportion of crop water requirements, and drainage were greatest when a cotton-wheat rotation was sown on permanent beds. Seasonal drainage out of the 1.2 m depth, averaged among all seasons, was of the order of 25 mm, 33 mm and 70 mm with cotton monoculture sown either after conventional tillage or on permanent beds, and a cotton-wheat rotation on permanent beds, respectively. Soil water storage and drainage were also greater when irrigation frequency was greater. Seasonal drainage out of the 1.2 m depth, averaged between the 2006-07 and 2008-09 seasons, was 54 mm with “frequent irrigation”, and 28 mm with “infrequent” irrigation. Infiltration was less in management systems which resulted in wetter soil; viz. frequent irrigation or a cotton-wheat rotation on permanent beds with in situ stubble retention. Drainage water losses in a furrow-irrigated Vertisol may be reduced and soil water storage increased (i.e. water conservation improved) by sowing a cotton-wheat rotation with in situ stubble retention under less frequent irrigation.  相似文献   

18.
不同深度秸秆覆盖对滴灌棉田土壤水盐运移的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
为探索滴灌条件下秸秆覆盖对棉田土壤水盐运动的影响,设置表层覆盖、地表下30cm覆盖和无覆盖3种处理,进行对比试验研究,结果表明,秸秆覆盖通过对土壤水分的影响间接影响了土壤盐分的运移和分布。在30cm处覆盖秸秆主要对30cm以上土壤的水分和盐分产生影响,对35cm以下的影响和表层覆盖比较接近。采用秸秆覆盖对土壤水分和盐分水平方向的运移具有一定影响,无覆盖在前期、中期和后期土壤表层盐分均最高。30cm处覆盖秸秆阻碍了35cm以下土壤毛管水的上升,从而阻止了盐分的上升。采用秸秆覆盖后,特别是在30cm深度采用秸秆覆盖,对于调控土壤水、盐变化,抑制土壤盐分上移具有积极作用。  相似文献   

19.
For sustainable sunflower production in semi-arid sub-tropical regions, it is essential to increase its water use efficiency. Field studies were conducted for three years on deep alluvial loamy sand (Typic Ustipsamment) and sandy loam (Typic Ustochrept) soils at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India, to evaluate the interactive effects of three irrigation regimes (irrigation water to net open pan evaporation ratios, I1, I2, I3) on sunflower yield in relation to tillage (conventional tillage, CT, and deep-tillage, DT) and mulching (no mulch, M0, and residue mulch, M1).Both deep tillage and mulch significantly increased crop yield irrespective of soil type and year. Increase in mean achene yield across soils during three years with DT over CT varied between 10 and 16% and that with mulch over no mulch by 8 to 17%.Deep tillage and/or mulching helped the crop in efficient utilization of water by increasing leaf area index (LAI) and the depth and density of rooting. Irrigation and tillage interacted for their effects on yield on loamy sand, as the crop responded to higher level of irrigation with CT than with DT. On loamy sand, mean achene yield increased with increase in water supply up to IW/PE = 1.5 in a dry year and upto IW/PE = 1.2 in relatively wetter years. On sandy loam, mean yield response to irrigations was observed upto IW/PE = 1.0 in all the three years.Regression analysis of relative yield against water supply during the three years on both the soils, showed that for 80% relative yield the crop required 105 cm water in CTM0, 90 cm in CTM or DTM0 and only 80 cm in DTM. The study suggests that deep tillage or straw mulch may be used to achieve higher water use efficiency in sunflower on coarse textured soils in semi-arid, sub-tropical regions.  相似文献   

20.
In Northern India, insufficient soil moisture and excessively high soil temperatures are reported to restrict growth of crops during the hot, dry months of April–June. A 3-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of three irrigation schedules based on ratios of 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 times pan evaporation, and two levels of paddy straw mulch of 0 and 6 tons/ha on yield and quality of sugarcane for a sandy loam. The differential irrigations were restricted to 10–12 weeks before the monsoon season.Both irrigation and straw mulching had favourable effects on plant height and yield. Cane yield increased by an average of 13.8% for the 1.00 over the 0.50 times pan evaporation. Similarly, yield averaged 13.8% higher with mulch than without it. Interestingly, the pan evaporation ratio of 0.50 with mulch gave a higher yield than the ratio 1.00 without mulch. For the same yield, irrigation under mulching averaged 34 cm less than under no mulch. These beneficial effects were attributed to better soil moisture and temperature regimes with mulching. Irrigation and mulching had no effect on the quality of cane juice. These results indicate that straw mulching and early season irrigation to sugarcane based on 1.00 times pan evaporation is a promising practice for increasing sugarcane production in subtropical areas.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号