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驯鹿狂蝇蛆病是驯鹿狂蝇的各期（Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期）幼虫寄生于驯鹿鼻腔、咽喉等部位所引起的一种驯鹿疾病,该病在驯鹿群中流行严重,感染率在95％左右,对驯鹿的危害较大。试验对驯鹿狂蝇蛆Ⅲ期幼虫羽化的发育起点温度及有效积温进行了研究,现将结果报道如下。 相似文献
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鹿的皮蝇种类及其生物学特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鹿的皮蝇蛆病对养鹿业所造成的危害甚大,本文就寄生于鹿的几种皮蝇的种类、研究简史、形态学特点、生活史、分布和致病性等作一介绍,旨在让人们对鹿的皮蝇蛆病有更深入的了解和认识。可以感染鹿的皮蝇共有5种,它们分别是驯鹿皮蝇(Hypoderma tarandi)、鹿皮蝇(Hypoderma diana)、卡瑞拉皮蝇(Hypoderma capreola)、赤鹿皮蝇(Hypoderma actaeon)和麝皮蝇(Hypoderma moschiferi),国内已知种有驯鹿皮蝇、鹿皮蝇和麝皮蝇,并且有些种类还可以感染人,属于人畜共患性寄生虫。 相似文献
3.
甘南地区牦牛皮肤病调查和防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
一、牦牛皮肤病的初步调查近几年来我们对牦牛的皮肤病进行了初步调查、研究和诊断,主要存在有牛皮蝇蛆病,牛虱病,牛痒螨病,牛嗜皮菌病和牛毛癣病。 1.牛皮蝇蛆病此病在全州各地均有发生,是比较普遍、严重的一种寄生虫性皮肤 相似文献
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王英 《畜牧兽医科学(电子版)》2019,(7):7-8
牦牛皮蝇蛆病是牦牛养殖中常见的一种寄生虫病,主要是由于皮蝇幼虫寄生在牛皮下组织引起的一种疾病,可导致人畜共患。牦牛在被寄生后,其生长发育会受到较大的影响,导致牦牛产品质量下降,甚至导致牦牛死亡。青海省是牦牛养殖的主要地区,牦牛皮蝇蛆病的流行对牧民的经济效益造成较大的影响。因此,要及时开展牦牛皮蝇蛆病防治工作,确保牦牛养殖的可持续发展。 相似文献
8.
牦牛皮蝇蛆病是放牧区主要寄生虫病之一,是由皮蝇属幼虫寄生于牛背皮下组织而引起的一种慢性寄生虫疾病,同时也是一种人畜共患病。牛一旦感染该种寄生虫病,将会严重影响到正常生长发育,使得畜产品质量下降,甚至引起牛出现死亡。青海省大通县是典型的牧区,该地区牦牛养殖模式主要以放牧养殖为主,牦牛皮蝇蛆病危害严重。为了了解大通县牦牛皮蝇蛆病流行现状,分别于2016年和2017年的3月和5月就本地区牦牛皮蝇蛆病防治情况开展了调查。 相似文献
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本文对主要分布在我国青藏高原的牦牛皮蝇蛆病病原从形态学、生态学、生化鉴别和分子分类学等方面进行的研究作了全面的综述,确定侵袭牦牛的皮蝇种类有中华皮蝇（Hypoderma sinense）、纹皮蝇（H Lineata）和牛皮蝇（H bovis）等3种,中华皮蝇为青藏高原东北部牦牛皮蝇蛆病的优势虫种。通过病原生态学研究,摸清了成蝇的活动季节和活动习性、成蝇的产卵季节、产卵部位、产卵数量、卵的形状、卵在牛毛上的排列、卵的孵化、幼虫寄生部位、三期幼虫自然脱落季节、幼虫化蛹时间、蛹期及羽化时间、幼虫在体内移行规律等情况。为进一步开展牦牛皮蝇蛆病及防治技术研究提供了依据。 相似文献
10.
牛皮蝇蛆病是由牛皮蝇和纹皮蝇的幼虫寄生于牛或牦牛背部皮下组织内而引起的一种慢性寄生虫病。此病可使成牛消瘦,幼牛发育受阻,奶牛产乳量下降,尤其会降低皮革质量,造成严重的经济损失。了解此病可有效地防止其发生,具有重要的经济效益和社会效益。 一、牛皮蝇蛆病的流行感染特点 相似文献
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Murtaz-ul Hassan Muhammad Nisar Khan Muhammad Abubakar Hafiz Muhammad Waheed Zafar Iqbal Manzoor Hussain 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(8):1615-1625
Cattle hypodermosis (warble fly infestation) is a notorious veterinary problem throughout the world. Larvae of Hypoderma species
cause a subcutaneous myiasis of domesticated and wild ruminants. This disease is caused by, Hypoderma bovis, Hypoderma lineatum in cattle whereas, Hypoderma diana, Hypoderma actaeon, and Hypoderma tarandi, affect roe deer, red deer, and reindeer, respectively. Adults of the cattle grub are commonly known as heel flies, warble
flies, bomb flies or gad flies. The biology of hypodermosis is complex because it passes through ecto- as well as endoparasitic
stages in the life cycle. The parasitic stage of hypodermosis lasts about 1 year in domesticated as well as in the wild animals,
while in the adult stage, a free-living fly lasts only for few days. The diagnosis of hypodermosis is of prime importance
for planning treatment and the eradication program. Generally, there are two methods that are routinely used for diagnosis
of hypodermosis, i.e., the direct clinical examination and immuno diagnosis by the use of pooled serum and/or milk sample.
For the control of hypodermosis, different preparations are available and their use in most of the countries is limited to
an individual level but never cover the whole cattle population of a country. Re-infestation in the herd occurs due to the
untreated animals that remain the reservoir of the disease. The disease causes huge economic losses in animal production due
to the effect of this disease on meat, milk, and the leather industry. It can also affect the general health status as well
as the immune system of the body of the diseased animals. As regards the control measures of the disease, different methods
have been efficiently practiced and consequently this disease is controlled at national level in many European countries. 相似文献
12.
Boulard C 《Veterinary research》2002,33(5):455-464
Cattle hypodermosis, due to insect larvae, is widely spread over the northern hemisphere. Very efficient insecticides are available and their use in most countries are done on an individual level but never cover the whole cattle population of a country. Untreated animals remain the reservoir of the disease and annually re-infest the cattle population. The economic effects of this disease on animal production (meat, milk and the leather industry) but also on the general cattle health status, have led many European countries to launch organised control programs. The first example of definitive hypodermosis control goes back one hundred years ago when Danish farmers eradicated hypodermosis from the Danish islands by manual elimination of the warbles. Since then, more and more European countries have considered the feasibility and economic returns of such programs. The various factors which foster these programs are related to (i) biological factors, (parasite cattle specificity, synchronous biological cycles of both species of insects involved), (ii) the development of more and more efficient insecticides used only once a year by systemic application, with high efficiency at very low dosages against the first larval stage of Hypoderma spp., (iii) the development of acute techniques of detection of the disease for the monitoring of hypodermosis free countries and (iv) the durable successful results obtained in more and more European countries. Although the programs were imposed by different partners of the livestock channel production (farmers, dairy industry, leather industry) and have been engaged within the last 50 years in many European countries (Denmark, The Netherlands, Ireland, the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic, Germany, France and Switzerland) common features have emerged among these different eradication programs. They all need a preliminary statement of the economic impact of this pest and the farmers' awareness of the economic returns of such programs. The programs' efficacy depends: (i) on a good knowledge ofthe epidemiology of the parasites, (ii) on the simultaneous implementation of the control program on the whole national cattle population whatever the structure monitoring the treatments (veterinary services, farmers association), (iii) on a national Warble fly legislation making the treatments compulsory and (iv) on an acute epidemiological survey as soon as the status of a hypodermosis free country is reached and the treatments are suspended. The sanitary and financial returns of such programs are a benefit to all the partners of livestock production, to the quality of the environment and to the consumers. 相似文献
13.
Boulard C Alvinerie M Argenté G Languille J Paget L Petit E 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,158(1-2):1-10
Bovine hypodermosis affecting livestock performance and the leather industry was still widespread in France up to the nineties despite successive directives from the Ministry of Agriculture since 1941, encouraging livestock owners to treat, on a voluntary basis. In 1969 the French Ministry of Agriculture, asked the national Farmers' Animal Health Organisation (FAHO), to plan a durable hypodermosis control programme and a working group including all the partners in cattle production was set up, under the coordination of the national FAHO. Improved systems of hypodermosis control, including new treatment and surveillance methods were developed. Among the main benefits obtained from this original work, were (i) the identification of scientific data which allowed inexpensive and accurate immuno-surveillance procedures, and a highly effective low-cost treatment, Ivomec, administered at the micro dose rate (2 microg/kg), which is environmentally non-threatening, and (ii) the development of a new strategy to manage the control programmes progressively, on a regional basis, in two to three concentric zones over three successive years at a maximum. The current programme, coordinated at the National level since 1998, has been implemented in each region of France. The compulsory systemic winter treatments directed against the endo-parasitic stage, carried out by technicians and veterinarians involved the entire bovine population in controlled zones. As each zone reached a hypodermosis herd prevalence of under 5%, usually after two years, the treatments were suspended. However treatments of the infected farms and contiguous farms were maintained. An immuno-survey was carried out, each winter, to evaluate the prevalence of the disease and detect any residual foci or re-infestations. Since 2002, bovine hypodermosis in France is under control with immuno-surveillance maintained at a very low cost. In 2006 hypodermosis became a notifiable disease. 相似文献
14.
J Minár 《Veterinární medicína》1981,26(7):393-402
The infestation by warble-fly (Hypoderma bovis /De Geer/) larvae was observed in Hereford cattle imported from Canada to Czechoslovakia in the autumn 1974. A risk of introducing hypodermosis in the areas where it had been eradicated occurred after a several-year persistence of such foci of the disease. The original infestation of the imported cows corresponded to the invasion extensity of 22 to 45% and invasion intensity of 1.9 and 3.7 larvae. There were observed no differences in the degree of infestation in cattle from different regions of Canada. In the subsequent years the invasion extensity in heifers was 52% the invasion intensity was four larvae. To control hypodermosis, Czechoslovak chemicals Arpalit-Spray and Hypocide were applied to Hereford cattle. In the West Bohemian Region cattle was treated with the chemical Arpalit-Spray in spring for three years to eradicate hypodermosis in the Tachov and Susice districts. A good result was obtained after the treatment in May during the maximum occurrence of larvae in bulges under the skin, the treatment in June was late and inefficient. In the Central Slovakian Region, Dolny Kubín district, hypodermosis was eradicated in Hereford cattle by a repeated treatment with Hypocide in autumn. The control of hypodermosis in Hereford cattle in the Prievidza district failed. In 1979 the invasion extensity in heifers was 25-100%, the invasion intensity was 2 to 25 larvae. Cattle transferred from this herd to the Lucenec, Presov and Gottwaldov districts were also infested. In the Gottwaldov district in the South Moravian Region all infested cows were treated with Arpalit-Spray in the summer 1979. 相似文献
15.
Aschfalk A Josefsen TD Steingass H Müller W Goethe R 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2003,110(7):295-298
Due to the hard environmental and climatic situation in late winter 1999, a herd of about 200 free-ranging, semi-domesticated reindeer was gathered in a paddock in northern Norway for emergency feeding. About the same number of reindeer was not corralled but supplementary fed on their winter pastures. The fodder was of relatively good quality but very dusty and fed in a very dry environment. Six weeks later, an outbreak of eye-infection was diagnosed in one third of the corralled reindeer; mild symptoms were observed in most of them, but 11 animals showed severe signs of disease. No signs of disease were found in the non-corralled animals. Ten reindeer died through emaciation, the eleventh was sacrificed. Histopathological diagnosis of two severely affected eyes revealed a severe purulent kerato-conjunctivitis with bacteria and plant particles embedded in purulent exudates on the cornea and conjunctiva. In one eye from the two most affected animals Actinomyces pyogenes, coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Escherichia coli and in the other one Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were found. The bacteria encountered in this study are not considered the primary cause of disease. They seem rather to be opportunistic infectious agents of eyes that have been irritated mechanically through exposure to dusty fodder in a dry environment. The stress through unfamiliar corralling of the reindeer, that followed an insufficient fodder supply, could be considered as an additional infection supporting factor. This case-report emphasises on the importance of different factors involved in favouring outbreaks of disease in reindeer, under intensified husbandry conditions. Even though crowding and emergency feeding may be, at certain circumstances, the only means of survival for reindeer, a negative impact of implied crowding diseases on their productivity, must be considered, as well. 相似文献
16.
Otranto D Lia RP Agostini A Traversa D Milillo P Capelli G 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2005,69(1-2):153-159
Bovine hypodermosis is a myiasis caused by Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum (Diptera, Oestridae) larvae, which has a severe economic impact on the livestock industry. Though myiasis is widespread throughout Italy, no nationwide eradication program has ever been planned, unlike in other European Countries. With a view to setting up a national control program, a pilot study was carried out in Southern Italy on 9939 cattle bred in an area with a high prevalence of cattle hypodermosis, using moxidectin 0.5% pour-on (Cydectin, Fort Dodge) and 1% injectable (Cydectin, Fort Dodge) formulations. At the recommended dosage, moxidectin displayed efficacy levels of 99.9% in the pour-on and 100% in the injectable formulation, whereas the microdose (1 mg per head regardless of body weight) was less effective (65.7%). This trial contributed to a significant reduction in infestation rates in the study area and represented the first step through which a national program for eradicating warble fly infestation in Italy. 相似文献
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K Kummeneje 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1976,17(1):107-108
Eye inflammation in reindeer seems to be a condition frequently observed in many reindeer herding areas. Bergmann (1912) reported outbreaks of the condition in Scandinavia already at the beginning of this century, and it spread like a contagious disease. The aetiology seems to be complex, as Bergmann found many different kinds of bacteria in his material. In a recent publication, Rehbinder (1970) reported the occurrence of larvae of the reindeer nostril fly (Cephenomyia trompe) in affected eyes. In Norway, eye inflammation in reindeer has also been observed, although outbreaks of the disease seem to be rare. 相似文献
18.
Imai S Oku Y Morita T Ike K Guirong 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(2):209-212
Rumen ciliate species and composition were surveyed on the reindeer kept in Inner Mongolia, China. As a result of survey, all the reindeer had the same 18 species of 8 genera of the ciliates in their rumen. Appearance of Entodinium parvum is the first record in this host species. Of the species detected, 15 species including Entodinium anteronucleatum, E. bicornutum, Enoploplastron confluens and Epidinium gigas which have been detected only from reindeer were common with those in the reindeer kept in the other areas, such as Alaska, Russia and Finland, indicating that every rumen ciliate faunae in reindeer has high similarity to each other, and suggesting that these hosts have been isolated from the other ruminants for long time and established characteristic ciliate fauna. The ciliate density was estimated as 1.1-2.5 x 10 (6)/ml, which value was fairly higher than those in domestic ruminants. Surface structures of characteristic species were observed by SEM. 相似文献
19.
Hatice Cicek Hasan Cicek Mustafa Eser Murat Tandogan Hıfzı Oguz Sarımehmetoglu 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(1):17-20
This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and economic losses due to in cattle of hypodermosis between May
2008 and April 2009 in Afyonkarahisar province of Turkey. A total of 6,598 cattle—3,498 in pasture and 3,100 in slaughterhouse—were
examined for hypodermosis. One hundred ninety-five out of 6,598 cattle (2.96%) were found positive. Concerning this infestation
rate, the prevalence of hypodermosis in field was 5.3%, whereas the prevalence was 0.3% in slaughter house. Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum were recorded in slaughter house. First-stage Hypoderma spp. larvae weren’t found in cattle organs in slaughterhouse. The annual economic loss on skins is estimated to be about
18,288 TL (currency exchange rate is 1 USD:1.499 TL). 相似文献
20.
Isolation of a herpesvirus serologically related to bovine herpesvirus 1 from a reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Serological evidence of exposure of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) to a virus related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) (Synonym: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus) has been reported in Canada (El Azhary 1979) and the USA (Dieterich 1981). A serological survey conducted in Finnish Lapland also detected neutralising antibodies to BHV1 in reindeer sera; 23 % of 300 reindeer had detectable antibodies, whereas none of 300 cattle sera from the same region contained antibodies to BHV1 (Ek-Kommonen et al. 1982). There is currently no evidence of BHV1 infection of cattle in Finland, so the isolation and characterisation of the reindeer herpesvirus was of considerable interest. This short communication describes the isolation and preliminary characterisation of a herpesvirus from a reindeer following the administration of dexamethasone. 相似文献