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前言复合材料(composites)是指一种具有相互胶合共性的材料,木质复合材料不仅包括各种人造板、模压制品、复合锯材、大型成材、木结构及其它一些木质材料,也包括各种胶粘剂、树脂及其它胶粘材料。尽管现今世界人口增长,森林资源枯竭趋势加速,使复合材料的生产成本迅速上升,然而,科学技术也在发展。主要表现在愈来愈多的低 相似文献
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最近,我们到北京、天津、丹东、营口和大洼等五个地区,实地重点调查了营口、大洼两个稻草板厂和与此有关的共计十个单位的情况。了解了稻草板的发展状况,技术特征、产品主要用途及经济效益和存在问题等情况。现综述如下。一、发展状况稻草板是以稻草或麦秸为原料,采用热压成型,然后在表面包复一种在内侧面施有粘合剂的特制的硬纸而成的轻质人造板,又称无胶合纸面稻草板(系指板芯无胶合而言)。胶合稻草板是以草料或任何植物纤维(包括木质纤维)为原料,采用 相似文献
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酶活化处理条件及其对松木纤维胶合性能的影响初探 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
通过测定漆酶处理纤维压制纤维板的内结合强度 ,观察到漆酶对云南思茅松木纤维的活化作用及漆酶处理对木纤维自身胶合的贡献。不同pH值条件下漆酶处理木纤维的内结合强度显著高于水处理纤维压制的板材强度。失活后的酶液与水等效 ,说明对实现木材自身胶合起作用的主要是漆酶本身。初步探索了pH值、酶剂量、底物浓度、活化处理时间等因素对胶合效果的影响。采用试验得到的较好活化条件压制的板材内结合强度可达1 0MPa以上 相似文献
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酶在木材胶合中的应用 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
介绍了酶用于木材胶合的研究及进展。利用酶可直接活化木纤维或木刨花中的木素使其自身胶合，也可使酶与制浆过程中分离出来的木素反应，得到与酚类化合物类似的胶粘剂，用以胶合木纤维或木刨花。利用酶催化氧化木素的途径生产人造板，无污染且安全可靠。 相似文献
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我国是一个耗纸大国，木浆纸市场需求量愈来愈大，木质纤维原料十分短缺，国家每年都要拿出大量外汇进口木质造纸原料或木浆纸。苦地林是我国发展民族造纸工业、保护生态环境、调整林业产业结构的必要，且我国的纸市场正以每年10％的速度发展，木质造纸原料和木浆纸市场潜力巨大。 相似文献
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黄锦林 《林业机械与木工设备》1981,(5)
最近,苏联里沃夫林学院为了证明利用锯屑生产木质纤维板的可能性,在一个木材综合企业进行了试验。纤维板的原料是该企业生产中所收集的锯屑。以锯屑的粒度组成和木质纯切削度,衡量原料质量的均匀程度。规定沿纤维方向的木质颗粒长度、纤维构造和破裂程度,为评价木质纤维板原料锯屑的标准。 相似文献
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木质纤维生产燃料乙醇的生物转化技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
木质纤维生物转化乙醇可以避免以粮食为原料生产燃料乙醇所带来的"与农争地"和"与人争食"的弊端,兼得经济、生态、环保、社会多重效益.木质纤维原料的物理化学特性决定其具有不同于淀粉和糖类原料转化的难度和复杂性,这也是木质纤维生物转化乙醇成本居高难下、商业化裹足不前的主要技术原因.本文以国际(特别是美国)的研究和开发进展为背景,探讨木质纤维生物转化乙醇的几个富有挑战性的技术问题,并在同步糖化共发酵(SSCF)概念的基础上,提出优化的并行糖化共发酵生产模型. 相似文献
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智能响应材料需具备3个基本要素,即感知、驱动和控制,在全球新材料研究领域中,仿生智能响应材料是目前世界各国技术战略发展中的竞争热点。木材是一种天然且可再生的生物质材料,具有良好的结构和功能特性。作为人类使用最早的材料,木材具有轻质、美观、生物调节等优良特性,是绿色环境人体健康的贡献者。木材的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素构成了木材精妙的微结构同时提供了许多官能团,为木材仿生智能材料的合成奠定了优良的基础。本文简要介绍了木质仿生智能响应材料的研究进展,综述了pH值、气体、光、机械力、湿度、温度和双重/多重刺激响应木质材料的制备、性能与潜在应用;重点介绍并总结了以木质材料为基材的仿生智能响应材料的发展现状。 相似文献
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Liquefactions of cellulose powder, steamed lignin, alkali lignin, and their mixtures were carried out to analyze the reaction process of wood using polyhydric alcohol. The liquefaction of wood proceeded immediately and wood components were converted to N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)-soluble components. After that, the condensation reaction occurred with increasing reaction time. However, none of cellulose powder, steamed lignin, and alkali lignin condensed by themselves during their liquefaction. The mixture of cellulose and lignin was also liquefied, and condensed after a long reaction time. The results of analysis showed that the behavior of the mixture resembled that of wood with respect to molecular weight distribution and the main functional groups. Lignin was converted to DMF-soluble compounds in the initial stage of wood liquefaction, followed by cellulose gradually being converted into soluble compounds. After that, condensation reactions took place among some parts of depolymerized and degraded compounds from cellulose and lignin, and were converted into DMF-insoluble compounds. It was concluded that the rate-determining step of wood liquefaction was the depolymerization of cellulose. Furthermore, it was suggested that the condensation reaction was due to the mutual reaction among depolymerized cellulose and degraded aromatic derivatives from lignin or due to the nucleophilic displacement reaction of cellulose by phenoxide ion.Part of this report was presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, April 2002 相似文献
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Degradation of wood surfaces during natural weathering. Effects on lignin and cellulose and on the adhesion of acrylic latex primers 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Summary Radiata pine veneers and blocks were exposed to natural weathering under Australian summer conditions over a period of 30 days. Infrared spectroscopy revealed that there was perceptible surface delignification after 4 hours exposure, substantial surface delignification after 3 days exposure and almost complete surface delignification after 6 days. Rapid lignin degradation was also suggested by measurements of the acid insoluble lignin content of weathered veneers. Viscometry determinations on holocellulose samples from weathered veneers and unweathered controls indicated significant depolymerisation of cellulose after 4 days exposure. A tape test was used to assess the adhesion of acrylic latex primers to weathered blocks. The adhesion of exterior acrylic primers decreased on weathered wood surfaces and was significantly lower on specimens that were weathered for 5 to 10 days. An oil-modified acrylic primer showed greater adhesion to weathered wood surfaces. Primer adhesion was lower on weathered radial surfaces than on similarly exposed tangential surfaces. The practical implications of these findings for the coating of exterior wood with acrylic latex primers are discussed briefly.The authors wish to thank Dr. A. J. Michell for FTIR spectral determinations and the Australian Research Council small grants scheme for financially supporting part of the work 相似文献
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6种木材白腐菌对山杨材木质素分解能力的研究 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
由于不同的木材腐朽菌的生理特性不同 ,所分泌的酶及酶的活性各不相同 ,因此 ,不同的腐朽菌分解木材的各种成分及相对速度就各不相同 ,而且对于木质纤维基质会有不同的中间代谢产物。本项研究选择了火木层孔菌 (Phelliusigniarius)及另外 5种木材分解能力较强的阔叶树上的白腐菌 :粗毛盖菌 (Funaliagallica)、三色革裥菌 (Lenzitestricolor)、冬拟多孔菌 (Polyporellusbrumalis)、偏肿拟栓菌 (Pseudotrametesgibbosa)和血红密孔菌 (Pyc noporussanguineus) ,研究了它们对山杨木材木质素的分解能力 ,测定了经 6种白腐菌分解一定时期的山杨木材木质素的含量 ,作为木材白腐菌对山杨木材木质素生物降解机制的初步研究 ,旨在为山杨木材生物制浆造纸提供应用基础理论研究 ,同时也可为木质素合理的生物转化为有用的化学品、生物漂白、酶处理防止机械浆的返黄、废水治理、纤维素酶解糖化的微生物前处理等提供相关的借鉴研究 ,以期在生产实践中减轻环境污染并充分利用木质素资源。在无菌的条件下 ,将山杨木片样品分别放入以上 6种白腐菌的平板培养基中受菌侵染 ,一定时间后取出 ,去除木片表面的菌丝体 ,然后分别测定未腐朽材和受菌侵染 4 0d、6 0d、80d和 12 0d时木片样品中木质素的含量 ,分析 6种白腐菌对山杨木 相似文献
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Masahiko Kobayashi Toshiyuki Asano Mikio Kajiyama Bunichiro Tomita 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(4):348-356
The effects of ozone treatment were investigated to improve the process of liquefaction of wood with polyhydric alcohol solvents. The liquefied wood having a high wood to polyhydric alcohol ratio (W/P ratio) could be prepared by using the wood treated with ozone in the liquid phase. The liquefied wood with a W/P ratio of 2 : 1 had enough fluidity to act as a raw material for chemical products. To get some information about the effects of ozone treatment toward the wood components, cellulose powder and steamed lignin were treated with ozone and liquefied. In particular, ozone treatment in the liquid phase was found to be effective for wood and cellulose powder. On the other hand, steamed lignin self-condensed during liquefaction after treatment with ozone in the liquid phase. Thus, ozone treatment provided lignin with reactive functional groups, and caused the subsequent condensation reaction. Although lignin was converted to a more condensable structure by ozone treatment, the condensation reaction was found to be suppressed for wood during its liquefaction. The wood liquefied products displayed good solubilities in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) even after treatments of long duration. It was suggested that one of the main effects of ozone treatment toward wood was the decomposition of cellulose.Part of this report was presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Fukuoka, April 2003 相似文献
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辐射化学是研究电离辐射与物质相互作用时产生的化学效应的化学分支学科.木材是一种天然生成的由几种高聚物(纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、抽提物)组成的有机复合体, 不同的高聚物在辐射过程中会产生辐射降解、交联等.文中主要概括了辐射加工的发展、特点、原理、辐射剂量, 并详细阐述了辐射加工在木材科学领域中的应用及进展, 主要包括木材辐射干燥、木塑复合材的辐射制备、射线辐射在木材改性中的应用、木材自由基对木材耐候性及辐射对木材各化学组分的影响; 分析了辐射技术在木材科学领域中的应用与发展趋势. 相似文献
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分别将木粉、纤维素和木质素在乙二醇中进行热化学液化。研究结果表明木粉中纤维素的非结晶区、木质素和半纤维素首先被液化,而纤维素的结晶区较慢被液化,到液化反应中期基本降解完全,液化产率高于97%。利用在线红外光谱仪跟踪检测了整个液化反应过程,结合GC-MS结果发现:乙二醇在反应过程中脱水生成了二甘醇和三甘醇。在液化反应中,纤维素的糖苷键断裂后生成葡萄糖苷结构,随后葡萄糖苷中的吡喃环也被打开,生成的活性中间体相互反应或与乙二醇反应生成了如3-(2-甲基-[1,3]-二氧戊环-2-基)-丙酸乙酯、乙酰丙酸丁酯等酯类;木质素的苯丙烷结构主要降解为苯酚、2,6-甲氧基苯酚等芳香族衍生物,因此木粉液化产物是聚醚/酯混合多元醇。 相似文献