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针对马铃薯真菌病害发生严重、多种病害混合发生、缺乏安全有效防治方法的问题，对前期筛选出的高效拮抗
菌株BA-26 进行分类鉴定，研究其胞外代谢产物的稳定性，明确防病促生作用。通过形态特征、生理生化特性鉴定以及
16S rDNA 序列分析，BA-26 菌株为解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens），该菌株对8 种马铃薯病原真菌均表现出
较强的拮抗作用，对茄链格孢菌（Alternaria solani）、茄病镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）、燕麦镰刀菌（Fusarium avenaceum）
的抑菌率大于80%；胞外代谢产物经100 ℃处理30 min、紫外照射8 h、pH 2～10 酸碱处理、蛋白酶处理1 h 后，相对抑菌
率均维持在80% 以上；室内抑菌活性测定结果表明BA-26 滤液对茄病镰刀菌的抑制率为91.3%；盆栽试验中，每盆施用
20 mL 浓度为4.0×109 cfu · mL-1 的BA-26 发酵液使马铃薯根长、须根数、株高、叶片中叶绿素含量分别显著增加32.07%、
111.94%、48.0%、19.6%。表明解淀粉芽孢杆菌BA-26 对马铃薯真菌病害抑菌谱宽，胞外代谢产物稳定性强，有较强的防病
促生作用，具有开发为马铃薯专用生防菌剂的潜力。 相似文献
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采用平板对峙培养法测定从土壤中分离获得的拮抗细菌BMY-1菌株对柑桔绿霉病菌（Penicillium digatatum）、柑桔青霉病菌（Penicillium italicum）、苹果炭疽病菌（Glomerella cingulata）、苹果轮纹病菌（Physalospora piricola）、梨扩展青霉病菌（Penicillium expansum）、葡萄白腐病菌（Coniothyrium dlodiella）等6种水果产后病原真菌的抑制作用。结果表明，BMY-1菌株对苹果炭疽病菌（G.cingulata）和梨扩展青霉菌（P．expansum）的生长有较好的作用，抑菌率分别达48．43％和50．37％。采用液体共培养法观察到BMY-1菌株对病原真菌的菌丝有破坏作用，使苹果炭疽病菌菌丝扭曲和断裂，葡萄白腐病菌菌丝膨大畸形。对几种水果同时接种拮抗细菌BMY-1和病原真菌，BMY-1菌株对苹果炭疽病病斑和梨扩青病病斑扩展有较强的抑制作用，并能有效延迟葡萄白腐病发病时间。 相似文献
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《果树学报》2017,(8)
【目的】筛选适合于防治苹果褐腐病(Monilinia fructigena)的生防毛壳菌,为苹果采后病害的生物防治提供潜在的菌株材料。【方法】选择4株毛壳菌,采用平板对峙法测量抑菌率和抑菌带宽度;通过生防毛壳菌发酵粗提物检测其抑菌活性强弱;通过离体接种苹果果实比较毛壳菌的控病作用。结合形态学特征和核糖体基因内转录间隔区(r DNA-ITS)序列对抑菌活性强的毛壳菌菌株进行鉴定。【结果】供试的4株毛壳菌中,菌株24-9在平板对峙试验、发酵粗提物抑菌试验和离体接种试验中均表现出稳定而较强的抑菌活性,通过形态学特征和核糖体基因内转录间隔区(rDNA-ITS)序列构建系统发育树,将菌株24-9鉴定为球毛壳菌Chaetomium globosum。【结论】该生防毛壳菌菌株可用于开发苹果采后病害生防制剂,提高植物抗性,丰富我国苹果采后病害的生防菌资源库。 相似文献
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通过组织分离法,在不同健康果树的木质部中分离到235株内生细菌。通过平板对峙法对所得菌株进行了初筛和复筛,得到6株拮抗作用较强的菌株。用过滤和高温灭菌得到的菌株发酵液进行抑菌谱试验,最终获得拮抗作用较强的内生细菌X8。对X8菌株在植物体内定殖、分类鉴定和防治作用的深入研究。结果表明：X8菌株可以在杏、辣椒等植物中定殖。X8菌株发酵液对辣椒疫霉病菌（Phytophthora capsici）抑制作用最强,达80.3%,对3种链格孢菌（Alternaria）病原菌的抑制作用达到75%以上,对番茄灰霉病和辣椒疫病的防效达到75.4%和79.3%,显著高于50%腐霉利和25%甲霜灵的防效。经16S rDNA序列分析,X8菌株与枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis的16S rDNA序列的同源性达99%。综合形态特征、生理生化特性,最终将X8鉴定为B. subtilis,在GenBank中序列登录号为HQ647257。 相似文献
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从健康番茄植株根际土中分离筛选得到对番茄灰霉病菌和番茄叶霉病菌均有较强拮抗作用的生防细菌WXCDD51,通过形态特征、生理生化特征和16S r DNA序列分析鉴定其属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)。菌丝生长试验研究结果表明,该菌株的无菌滤液可以显著抑制番茄灰霉病菌和番茄叶霉病菌菌丝生长,抑制率分别为94.29%和94.06%;盆栽试验结果表明,该菌株可以有效防治番茄灰霉病和番茄叶霉病,防效分别为66.23%和69.45%;拮抗试验显示,该菌株对10种植物病原真菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,抑菌率在53.04%~94.59%;促生试验表明,该菌株对番茄种子萌发及幼苗生长均具有一定的促进作用,用浓度为10~6 cfu·mL~(-1)的菌液浸种处理,种子发芽率、胚根长度与对照相比分别增加80.0%和62.57%。用菌液(10~7 cfu·mL~(-1))灌根处理的番茄幼苗,其各项生理指标均显著高于对照;用菌液(10~7 cfu·mL~(-1))浸泡番茄果实可防止腐烂且对果实营养品质无不良影响。 相似文献
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《中国果树》2020,(5)
以从内蒙古巴彦淖尔市的‘苹果梨’叶片上分离筛选得到的1株酵母菌PGLY-1为试材,采用离体结合活体测定及形态学、分子生物学方法,测定了PGLY-1对梨青霉菌的抑制能力,并对其进行鉴定。结果表明:PGLY-1菌株及其发酵液在离体条件下对梨青霉菌均无抑制能力,但是其菌悬液能显著抑制‘黄冠’梨上青霉病病斑直径的扩展,在测定的25 d内PGLY-1对‘黄冠’梨青霉病的抑制率均在50%以上;用26S rDNA基因序列构建系统发育树,确定PGLY-1属于Vishniacozyma carnescens。首次发现V.carnescens酵母菌具有抑制梨青霉病的作用,该发现是对具有生防活性酵母菌种类的补充,同时为V.carnescens的应用提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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《园艺学报》2019,(11)
啶酰菌胺被广泛用于草莓灰霉病的防治,然而灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)对啶酰菌胺存在较大的抗性风险,抗性出现主要与SdhB基因突变有关。AS-PCR(Allele-specificPCR)方法常用于检测基因点突变。为明确上海地区草莓灰霉病菌对啶酰菌胺的抗性机制,2018年测定了126株草莓灰霉病菌中的61株抗性菌株与5株随机选取敏感菌株的SdhB基因序列。结果表明,上海地区草莓灰霉病菌目前已存在4种抗性突变类型:P225F、N230I、H272R和H272Y,其中H272R和P225F为优势突变类型。基于AS-PCR原理,设计及筛选了包含2条特异性引物的三引物组,优化了反应体系,建立了可通过1轮PCR反应即可区别啶酰菌胺敏感菌株与4种抗性突变菌株的快速检测方法。 相似文献
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The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl2 and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water. 相似文献
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AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs. 相似文献
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小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。 相似文献
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钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量 相似文献
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Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes. 相似文献
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