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1.
F型小麦雄性不育系测恢研究及杂种优势分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
小麦F型雄性不育系是具有普通小麦细胞质的新型细胞质雄性不育系。本研究利用364个普通小麦品种(系)与F型雄性不育系FA杂交配制F1,测定其育性恢复性。结果表明,49个小麦品种(系)对F型不育系具有完全恢复性,其F1的自交结实率(国际法)达到甚至超过对照(黄淮冬麦区主栽品种周麦18),这些材料可作为FA的恢复系供进一步研究利用。这一结果说明,小麦F型雄性不育系的育性较易恢复。另外,7个小麦品种(系)对不育系FA不具有恢复力,可用于转育新不育系。从364个组合初选出15个组合,经超标杂种优势分析,7个组合表现更优,具有不同程度的增产潜力,需进一步升级试验、筛选鉴定。 相似文献
2.
5种细胞质雄性不育小麦败育过程中活性氧代谢保护酶的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解异质雄性不育小麦败育过程中活性氧代谢中几种保护酶的变化特点,以5种小麦雄性不育系U116A、Ju116A、Va116A、C6116A、K116A及其相应保持系116B为材料,分析了小麦雄性不育系在花药不同发育时期的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与保持系的差异。结果表明,不育花药的POD活性自单核早期后均比同一发育时期的可育花药高;自单核晚期开始,不育系CAT活性总体上呈下降趋势,而可育系则呈升高趋势;受试材料花药中SOD活性总体呈上升趋势,且不育系高于保持系。经差异分析,不育系U116A、Ju116A、Va116A、C6116A的败育关键期是单核晚期,而K116A的败育关键期则是单核晚期至二核期。以上结果说明,5种异质小麦雄性败育时期有所不同,并且雄性育性与POD、CAT和SOD活性密切相关。 相似文献
3.
斯卑尔脱(T.spelta)小麦和莫迦小麦(T.macha)1BS染色体对K 型小麦不育系育性恢复和几个重要性状的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了明确斯卑尔脱(T.spelta)小麦和莫迦小麦(T.macha)1BS染色体对K型小麦不育系育性恢复等的影响,利用1B/1R 小麦K 型不育系K3314A 、YS型小麦温敏雄性不育系YS3314和YM型小麦温敏雄性不育系YM3314进行秋播、春播试验,考察3种类型不育系育性对温度的反应,并分别与普通小麦品种(系) 90(13)21、L783、温6、陕354和邯6172杂交, 测定和比较其F1的恢复性、单倍体发生频率和几个重要农艺性状.结果表明,YS3314和YM3314秋播完全雄性不育,春播则自交结实,K3314秋播、春播皆雄性不育,说明T.spelta和T.macha的1BS染色体导入使K3314A 获得温敏特性.YM型小麦温敏雄性不育系比YS型小麦温敏雄性不育系和1B/1R 类型不育系更易恢复; YS型小麦温敏雄性不育系其杂交F1产生极少或不产生单倍体,且在单株有效穗数和有效小穗数等性状上具有明显的优势,YM型小麦温敏不育系则在穗粒数上具有明显的优势. 相似文献
4.
大多数商品化的釉型杂交水稻,都具有野败(WA)的雄性不育细胞质源。这种细胞质的单一性可能导致杂交水稻对病、虫抗性的遗传脆弱性。因此,必须有多样化的雄性不育细胞质源来解决这一问题。国际水稻所用45份多年生野生稻( O.Perennis)和4份普通野生稻( O.rufiPogon)作母本,与野败恢复系IR54和IR64杂交,观察其F1代和回交群体的花粉育性。在所有的这些杂交组合中,发现具有多年生野生稻Acc104823细胞质和IR64细胞核背景的一个系的花粉败育彻底。自交不结实。这种新培育的细胞质雄性不育系已被定名为IR 6 6 7 07A。该不育系与其它的野败细… 相似文献
5.
小麦雄性不育系BNS及其杂种F1的育性分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为探讨小麦雄性不育系BNS在小麦杂种优势利用中的应用价值,采用BNS分期播种、F1正常秋播的方法,对其育性表现进行了分析研究.结果表明:(1)正常或稍早秋播时BNS表现高度不育,国内、国际法自交结实率分别为0.23%～1.77%、0.27%～4.06%,晚播时不育转换成可育,临界播期为10月17日;(2)BNS年际间不育性遗传稳定,且雌蕊活性正常,极易接受外来花粉,国内、国际法饱和授粉结实率分别为79.94%～85.26%、93.58%～100.20%;(3)BNS花粉碘染为圆败型,F1花粉碘染有典败、染败和正常三种类型;(4)BNS不育系具有可恢复性.32个F1代中,有3个组合的国际法结实率<5%,花粉败育率达96%以上,29个的自交结实率为6.28%～156.57%(国际法),其中BNS/SN055525的恢复度最高,国内、国际法结实率分别为95.85%、156.57%,花粉败育率仅为2.02%,结实正常.综上所述,BNS具有早播或正常播不育、晚播可育的特性,且不育性能够稳定遗传,在常规品种(系)中可筛选出高恢复度的恢复系用于杂交制种. 相似文献
6.
8 5EA是通过电子束辐照获得的普通小麦细胞质雄性不育系 ,89AR是通过辐射结合远缘杂交获得的新疆小麦亚种细胞质雄性不育系 ,T型不育系 (Tcms)是采用核质互换获得的具有提莫菲维小麦 (T .timopheevi)细胞质的雄性不育系。 1993～ 1998年连续 5年恢保关系研究结果表明 :85EA和 89AR不育性容易稳定保持 ,育性又较易被恢复 ,恢复源较宽 ,除T型不育系的恢复系对其有较好的恢复性外 ,普通小麦品种 (BPM15,农大 8812 2等 )对其也有较高的恢复力。对同核异质的 3类不育系 (85EA、89AR、Tcms)与优良恢复系杂交的杂种F1杂种优势研究结果表明 :三类不育系杂种的产量优势存在显著差异 ,它们依次为 89AR >85EA >Tcms,85EA和 89AR的杂种优势大于Tcms,而 89AR的杂种优势最高。以上结果表明 ,85EA和 89AR在生产上具有应用潜力 相似文献
7.
为了明确斯卑尔脱（T．spelta）小麦和莫迦小麦（T．macha）1BS染色体对K型小麦不育系育性恢复等的影响,利用1B／1R小麦K型不育系K3314A、YS型小麦温敏雄性不育系YS3314和YM型小麦温敏雄性不育系YM3314进行秋播、春播试验,考察3种类型不育系育性对温度的反应,并分别与普通小麦品种（系）90（13）21、L783、温6、陕354和邯6172杂交,测定和比较其F1的恢复性、单倍体发生频率和几个重要农艺性状。结果表明,Y$3314和YM3314秋播完全雄性不育,春播则自交结实,K3314秋播、春播皆雄性不育,说明T．spelta和T．macha的1BS染色体导入使K3314A获得温敏特性。YM型小麦温敏雄性不育系比YS型小麦温敏雄性不育系和1B／1R类型不育系更易恢复;YS型小麦温敏雄性不育系其杂交F1产生极少或不产生单倍体,且在单株有效穗数和有效小穗数等性状上具有明显的优势,YM型小麦温敏不育系则在穗粒数上具有明显的优势。 相似文献
8.
大豆RN不育胞质不育与恢复类型的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
阐述了以RN不育细胞质为基础选育的细胞质雄性不育系和恢复系的类型.在大量测交以及预备试验的基础上,选择具有代表性的9对不育系和相应的保持系以及10个恢复系,进行不育系与所有保持系之间,以及不育系与所有恢复系之间所有可能的杂交.对不育系与恢复系杂交的F1,依据花粉败育率分为3类以表示恢复度,A类:败育率0～10%,B类:败育率11%～60%,C类:败育率61%以上.再依据这3类的分布情况和恢复谱,对不育系和恢复系进行分类.结果表明:任何一个保持系均可保持所有不育系,保持不育性的遗传机制较为简单,受隐性单基因控制.不育系分为极易被恢复,易被恢复和不易被恢复3类.依据恢复谱和恢复度将恢复系分为:强恢复,恢复和弱恢复3类.极易被恢复的不育系和强恢复系是大豆杂交种选育中的珍贵育种材料.由于育性的恢复比较复杂,测交中最好同时用上述3类不同类型的不育系做测交母本. 相似文献
9.
甘蓝型油菜无花瓣品系雄蕊雌化不育系的发现和遗传研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
1998年在自选的甘蓝型无花瓣油菜株系中发现了一种突变不育株,进而育成无花瓣油菜突变不育系(简称AMS).经连续4年研究,结果表明:该雄性不育系不育性彻底,是一种雄性器官雌性化而引起的新的不育现象,其植株形态特征与无花瓣相同.用来自国内外不同品种(系)和胞质雄性不育系的保持系、恢复系及杂种F1共549份材料配制了779个杂交组合,全部恢复育性.2002和2003年收获的100个杂交组合有29份较对照(秦优7号杂交种)增产5.7%～23.5%,达显著水平.该突变不育株与可育株测交,后代不育和可育符合1:1的遗传分离模式,经对AMS测交、杂种自交,表明不育性很可能由4对隐性基因控制. 相似文献
10.
在武汉气候条件下,对陕2A细胞质雄性不育系的不育稳定性进行了观察研究,结果表明用陕2B保持的陕ZA不育系的不育性受环境条件——温度的影响。用国内外单、双低品种(系)广泛测交,筛选到3份较好的单、双低保持材料,2份较好的单、双低恢复材料。1989年实现双低三系配套,选育出双低杂交组合7208。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
19.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
20.
Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献