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1.
夏季北京主要草坪病害调查及室内药剂筛选试验 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
1999年夏季对北京部分草坪的主要病害种类调查结果表明：在夏季，北京的主要草坪病害是褐斑病和腐霉枯萎病，其病原物分别是丝核菌属和腐霉菌属的真菌。其中，草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草及翦股颖在夏季的病害主要由丝核菌引起，而高羊茅病害则主要由腐霉菌引起。室内药剂筛选结果表明：在相同浓度下，百菌清对丝核菌的抑制作用最强，而甲霜灵对腐霉菌的抑制作用最强。单一药剂代森铵及百菌清、多菌灵、三唑酮与敌克松、甲霜灵的复配药剂对这两种真菌均具有很强的抑制作用。 相似文献
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针对草坪草苗期腐霉枯萎病菌(Pythium spp.)可由土壤和种子携带的特点,以恶霉灵、甲霜灵杀菌剂和植物生长调节剂等为原料研究草坪种衣剂,并在黑龙江省进行了药效试验。研究结果表明,筛选出的药物型和药肥复合型草坪专用种衣剂对草坪草安全无害,不仅对草坪草苗期腐霉枯萎病防效在80%～97%,而且能促进草坪草生长,与对照相比,2号和5号种衣剂处理的植株增高了1.63～2.73 cm,根长增加1.5～2.5 cm,根质量增加了1.54～1.81 g,分蘖数增加了1.33～2.00个。 相似文献
3.
1999年夏季对北京部分草坪的主要病害种类调查结果表明在夏季,北京的主要草坪病害是褐斑病和腐霉枯萎病,其病原物分别是丝核菌属和腐霉菌属的真菌.其中,草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草及翦股颖在夏季的病害主要由丝核菌引起,而高羊茅病害则主要由腐霉菌引起.室内药剂筛选结果表明在相同浓度下,百菌清对丝核菌的抑制作用最强,而甲霜灵对腐霉菌的抑制作用最强.单一药剂代森铵及百菌清、多菌灵、三唑酮与敌克松、甲霜灵的复配药剂对这两种真菌均具有很强的抑制作用. 相似文献
4.
木霉对草坪上2种重要土传病害生防效果的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用木霉菌Trichoderma spp.防治草坪上2种重要的土传病害--褐斑病及镰刀枯萎病.木霉菌对草坪上的植物病原真菌室内抑菌效果及木霉制剂温室和田间防效试验结果表明,在拮抗作用测定中,木霉菌对草坪镰刀枯萎病菌和立枯丝核病菌具有较强的拮抗作用,拮抗机制主要为竞争作用、重寄生作用和抗生作用;温室盆栽及田间防治试验结果表明,木霉对镰刀枯萎病的防效分别为85%和74%,木霉对立枯丝核病菌的防效分别为86%和76%,且具有防效持久、刺激植物生长的作用. 相似文献
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采用生长速度法和孢子囊形成法测定了7种杀菌剂对草坪腐霉枯萎病菌的毒力作用,并进行了7种杀菌剂拌种的温室盆栽防治效果研究。室内毒力测定表明,不同杀菌剂对腐霉菌菌丝的生长和游动孢子囊的形成有显著的抑制作用（P<0.05）。对菌丝的生长有明显抑制效果的杀菌剂主要是霜脲锰锌、代森锰锌和霜霉威盐酸盐,前两种杀菌剂的半致死浓度（EC50）值均为1.28 mg·L-1,后者的EC50值为3.26 mg·L-1。对游动孢子囊的形成抑制效果明显的杀菌剂是吡唑醚菌酯、霜脲锰锌和代森锰锌,其EC50值分别是0.09 、0.21和0.46 mg·L-1。用7种杀菌剂分别拌种后,高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)出苗率都有不同程度的提高,其中霜脲锰锌和代森锰锌对腐霉枯萎病的防治效果较好。根据杀菌剂的室内毒力测定和盆栽防效试验结果,霜脲锰锌和代森锰锌对腐霉枯萎病的防治效果优于其它5种杀菌剂。 相似文献
6.
杀菌剂拌种防治草坪草病害的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
综述了国内外用杀菌剂拌种防治草坪草病害的研究进展.现已报道,早熟禾、黑麦草和高羊茅3属草坪草常见的种带与土传真菌病害14类,病原真菌54种;其中最常见的包括立枯丝核菌、德氏霉、腐霉、镰刀菌、细交链孢和壳针孢等.常用杀菌剂福美双、甲基硫菌灵、三唑酮和甲霜灵等对草坪草主要病原真菌的室内防效明显,其中对福美双反应极敏感的病原真菌有禾谷德氏霉,对甲基硫菌灵反应极度敏感的病原真菌有禾顶囊壳、粉红粘帚霉和瓶霉菌等,对三唑酮反应敏感的真菌有串珠镰孢、禾顶囊壳、结缕草锈菌、颖枯壳针孢和立枯丝核菌,甲霜灵主要对腐霉有效.田间条件下杀菌剂拌种可提高草坪草种子发芽率和田间出苗.杀菌剂拌种时要尽量避免在防治一种病害的同时,可能会导致另一种原本不重要病害的大发生.杀菌剂应向着在植物体内、土壤、大气和水体中无残留或有微量残留也可以在短期内降解,生成无毒天然物质而向完全融入大自然的方向发展,这是草地农业生态系统可持续发展的一种必然趋势. 相似文献
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多菌灵防治草坪草腐霉枯萎病的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用人工接种和自然发病相结合 ,促进草坪草染病和病情严重 ,通过病情调查发现草地早熟禾、紫羊茅、高羊茅和多年生黑麦草对腐霉枯萎病感性有差异 ,它们分别代表极感、高感、中感和低感类型 ;用 5 0 g/ 6 6 6 .7m2 药量喷雾 ,可基本控制后 3种草坪草的病情 ,但对草地早熟禾未能达到有效控制 ,用等比系列药量试验结果 ,在ED50 和ED95平均值水平上 ,草地早熟禾是 44 .6 180 .1g ,紫羊茅是2 5 .976 .9g,高羊茅是 15 .6 6 5 .5 g ,多年生黑麦草是 12 .949.3g ;根据这些试验结果模拟出在草坪上防治腐霉枯萎病的适宜用药量 相似文献
9.
由疫霉菌引起的苗疫、褐腐病是柑桔苗期和结果期间的重要病害,为筛选出有效防治药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了11种杀菌剂对柠檬褐腐病菌柑桔褐腐疫霉(Phytophthora citrophthora)的室内毒力。结果表明,杀菌剂毒力由强到弱依次为氟噻唑吡乙酮、双炔酰菌胺、烯酰吗啉、霜脲氰、氟菌?霜霉威、甲霜?锰锌、代森锰锌、百菌清、三乙膦酸铝、氢氧化铜和丁子香酚,EC50值分别为0.0017、0.0116、0.6264、0.6471、1.596、4.034、13.23、25.40、41.74、69.15和71.51 mg?L-1。 相似文献
10.
本文通过室内生物活性测定和田间药效试验,评价了乙蒜素、丙森锌对柑桔虚幻球藻的防效。室内毒力测定结果表明：80%乙蒜素对柑桔虚幻球藻较敏感,其EC50为73.419 mg/L。田间药效试验结果表明：用乙蒜素防治柑桔虚幻球藻,速效性好,防效高。80%乙蒜素乳油1000倍液喷药一次,对柑桔虚幻球藻的防治效果达99.52%。而连续三次用药后,80%乙蒜素乳油2000倍液防治效果为98.31%,1000倍液防效达100%。70%丙森锌室内毒力测定对该菌不太敏感,田间防效仅为47.8%。 相似文献
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腐霉枯萎病菌毒素在坪草抗病性筛选中的应用研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
为了快速鉴定坪草的抗病性,本研究利用坪草腐霉枯萎病菌毒素对坪草进行了抗病性鉴定。根、茎抑制率试验表明,多年生黑麦草中英斯派对该毒素的敏感性最强,10倍液对其根、茎抑制率分别为46.3%和86.1%。而草地早熟禾的抗性最强,其中阔雅对该毒素的敏感性最低,10倍液对根、茎抑制率分别为5.5%和30.1%。活体、离体生物测定结果表明草地早熟禾对腐霉病抗性最强,表现为1级,属于抗性品系,其次为高羊茅,为2~3级,匍匐剪股颖为3级,属于敏感品系,多年生黑麦草为3~4级,属于较敏感品系,综合评定阔雅和英斯派分别为抗病和感病品种。对抗、感品种进行防御酶类(SOD、POD、CAT)比活变化测定,结果显示,阔雅出现活性峰的时间要比英斯派早12~36 h,而且阔雅细胞内SOD、POD、CAT的比活分别比英斯派高38.8%,59.1%和89.5%。 相似文献
12.
Marlier D Herbots J Detilleux J Lemaire M Thiry E Vindevogel H 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2001,48(1):55-64
Myxomatosis is a major viral disease of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Two forms of the disease (nodular and amyxomatous) exist. The clinical diagnosis of the nodular form is easily performed on the basis of typical skin lesions whereas that of amyxomatous forms must be based on virus isolation or detection of specific antibodies to myxoma virus (MV). The seroprevalence of MV was studied between March 1998 and February 1999 in 16 farms from three European countries considered free of myxomatosis on the basis of the absence of typical clinical signs. MV antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (sensitivity 100%, specificity 90%) in all 16 farms; the seroprevalences corrected for test inaccuracy (95% confidence interval) were 55+/-7.7% and 37+/-6.1% for does and broilers, respectively. The association between herd sizes, types of rabbitries, and presence of recurrent respiratory or digestive troubles and seroprevalence of MV antibodies was tested in logistic multiple regressions. In all models, the seroprevalence of MV antibodies was significantly higher in herds (does and broilers) with recurrent respiratory or digestive troubles than in herds without these problems. The seroprevalence was also higher in herds (does and broilers) where animals were housed totally or partially in outdoors rabbitries than in totally enclosed rabbitries. The effect of herd sizes on the presence of MV antibodies was the same in does and broilers; intermediate sizes were at lower risk than the smaller and larger ones. 相似文献
13.
S. Stern A. Heyer H. K. Andersson L. Rydhmer K. Lundström 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(4):166-174
The objective of the study was to compare production results and technological meat quality for pigs born outdoors and reared indoors or outdoors during the summer period. A total of 279 pigs was reared in a large pen on deep litter, or outdoors. Daily weight gain and lean meat percentage were higher for pigs outdoors than indoors during year one (864 vs. 841g; 56.9 vs. 55.9%), but were similar for year two (859 vs. 844g; 55.9 vs. 55.6%). Outdoor pigs grew faster when fed ad libitum, but slower during the second phase when restricted, with inferior feed conversion. Most technological meat quality traits (surface and internal reflectance, marbling, pHBF, filter paper wetness, cooking loss and maximal Warner-Bratzler shear force) were similar between rearing systems, whereas pHLD was higher indoors. Total work of Warner-Bratzler shear force was lower in outdoor reared pigs. Maternal sire breed (Duroc or Landrace) and sex (castrate or gilt) did not notably affect meat quality traits. RN genotype had a stronger impact on meat quality than rearing system. It can be concluded from the similarities in production results and meat quality in both systems, that both indoor and outdoor rearing are good alternatives for summer rearing of pigs. 相似文献
14.
Feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats of Japan 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
T Ishida T Washizu K Toriyabe S Motoyoshi I Tomoda N C Pedersen 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1989,194(2):221-225
A seroepidemiologic survey for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection was conducted in Japan. Between June and December 1987, individual sera (n = 3,323) were submitted by veterinary practitioners from many parts of the country. Specimens were from 1,739 cats with clinical signs suggestive of FIV infection and from 1,584 healthy-appearing cats seen by the same practitioners. The overall FIV infection rate among cats in Japan was 960/3,323 cats (28.9%). The infection rate was more than 3 times higher in the clinically ill cats, compared with that in the healthy cats of the same cohort (43.9 vs 12.4%). Male cats were 1.5 times as likely to be infected as were females. Almost all FIV-infected cats were domestic cats (as opposed to purebred cats). Complete clinical history was available for 700 of 960 FIV-infected cats. Of these 700 FIV-infected cats, 626 (89.4%) were clinically ill, and the remainder did not have clinical signs of disease. The mean age at the time of FIV diagnosis for the 700 cats was 5.2 years, with younger mean age for males (4.9 years) than for females (5.8 years). Most of the infected cats (94.7%) were either allowed to run outdoors or had lived outdoors before being brought into homes. The mortality for FIV-infected cats during the 6 months after diagnosis was 14.7%, and the mean age at the time of death was 5.7 years. Concurrent FeLV infection was seen in 12.4% of the FIV-infected cats, but this was not much different from the historical incidence of FeLV infection in similar groups of cats not infected with FIV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
15.
Berghaus RD O'Brien DP Johnson GC Thorne JG 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,218(8):1285-1290
OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors associated with dysautonomia in dogs. DESIGN: Case-control study. ANIMALS: 42 dogs with dysautonomia examined between October 1988 and January 2000 and 132 control dogs examined during the same period for an unrelated problem. PROCEDURE: Information was gathered from medical records and surveys mailed to owners of case and control dogs. RESULTS: 42 case and 132 control dogs were included; completed surveys were returned by owners of 30 case and 103 control dogs. Dogs with dysautonomia were significantly younger (median, 18 months) than control dogs (median, 60 months) and more likely to come from rural areas and to spend > or =50% of their time outdoors. Compared with rural control dogs that spent at least some time outdoors, affected dogs were more likely to have access to pasture land, farm ponds, and cattle, and to have consumed wildlife, at least occasionally. The largest numbers of dogs with dysautonomia were identified during February and April, with relatively few dogs identified during the summer and early fall. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although the cause of dysautonomia is unknown, results suggest that dogs with dysautonomia were significantly more likely to live in rural areas and spend > or =50% of their time outdoors than were control dogs examined for unrelated diseases. 相似文献
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Eight groups of six red deer (four groups of males and four groups of females) were held overnight in an unfamiliar paddock, after which they were moved into a holding pen and slaughtered sequentially by stunning with a captive bolt pistol in a restraining pen. On entering the restraining pen, half the deer in each group were stunned immediately, but the other half were stunned after 10 minutes. Deer spent much of the initial period in the holding pen standing stationary in 'alert' postures, but became less alert over time. A significantly higher proportion of males than females were observed in alert 'head-up' postures in the restraining pen. Deer held in the restraining pen for 10 minutes had significantly higher plasma cortisol concentrations than those which were stunned immediately. Females had a significantly higher glycogen concentration postmortem in both the liver and semimembranosus muscle than males, and deer held in the restraining pen for 10 minutes had a significantly lower liver glycogen concentration than deer which were slaughtered immediately. Males had significantly higher semimembranosus muscle pHu values than females, although the differences were small, and of the 14 deer with pHu values above 6-0, 11 were males. 相似文献
18.
C C Brown J J McClure P Triche C Crowder 《American journal of veterinary research》1988,49(11):1866-1868
Excisional biopsy specimens were received from 8 horses with lesions suspected of being caused by Pythium sp. Pythium sp was isolated from all specimens. An indirect peroxidase technique was applied to formalin-fixed tissues from the biopsy material and there was distinct staining of hyphal cell walls in all specimens. Sections containing hyphae, other than those of Pythium sp, failed to stain. The indirect peroxidase technique could be used for confirmation of suspected cases of pythiosis. 相似文献
19.
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of diverse production systems on pig performance, muscle characteristics, and their relation to pork quality measures. Birth and rearing conditions were evaluated using 48 barrows during the fall/winter months. Pigs were farrowed in either indoor crates or outdoor huts. At weaning, indoor- and outdoor-born pigs were allotted randomly to treatments arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial design with two birth (indoor vs. outdoor) and rearing (indoor vs. outdoor) environments. Pigs housed indoors were on concrete-slatted flooring (1.2 m2/pig), and pigs housed outdoors were on an alfalfa pasture (212 m2/pig). Body weight data were collected. Muscle samples were removed within 1 h postmortem from the longissimus (LM) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles. Muscle samples were stained histochemically to identify type I, IIA, and IIB/X muscle fibers. Boneless loins were collected from the left side of each carcass and aged for 14 d. Objective and subjective color measurements were taken on the longissimus muscle at the 10th rib on d 14 postmortem. Loin chops were evaluated for sensory attributes, shear force, and retail display features. Pigs born outdoors were heavier and had a greater ADG at most growth intervals postweaning (d 28, 56, and 112; P < 0.05) than pigs born indoors. Pigs reared outdoors were heavier (P = 0.02) at d 140 (120.1 vs. 112.9 +/- 4.9 kg), and had higher (P = 0.01) ADG (2.2 vs. 1.9 kg/d) and gain:feed ratios (0.41 vs. 0.37) than did pigs reared indoors. Birth x rearing environment interactions were not significant (P > 0.10) for most measures. Carcass and meat quality measures did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatment groups, but loin chops from outdoor born or reared pigs had higher (P < 0.05) a* values than chops from pigs born or reared indoors. The LM muscle of pigs born outdoors had a higher (P < 0.01) percentage of type I, and a lower (P < 0.05) percentage of type IIA fibers than did pigs born indoors. Pigs reared outdoors had a higher (P < 0.01) percentage of IIA fibers and a lower (P < 0.05) percentage of IIB/X fibers than did pigs reared indoors for the LM and SM muscles. Outdoor production systems may influence growth, pork color, and muscle fiber types. 相似文献