共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
3种水质调控方式下参池沉积物酶活性的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2015年10月至2016年9月对自然纳潮、微孔曝气、养水机3种水质调控方式下海参池塘沉积物中淀粉酶、蛋白酶、碱性磷酸酶、脱氢酶的活性进行了跟踪比较研究。研究结果显示,3种水质调控方式下池塘沉积物中的淀粉酶活性年变化为0.126~0.880 mg/g,年均值(0.410±0.180) mg/g,蛋白酶活性年变化为0.024~0.472 mg/g,年均值(0.190±0.103) mg/g,碱性磷酸酶活性年变化为0.068~1.042 mg/g,年均值(0.340±0.196) mg/g,脱氢酶活性年变化为12.092~52.794 mL/g,年均值(26.980±8.295) mL/g。3种水质调控方式下池塘沉积物中蛋白酶、碱性磷酸酶及脱氢酶活性均在自然纳潮池塘中均值最高,变化幅度最大;淀粉酶活性均值则在自然纳潮池塘中最低,养水机池塘最高,这与养水机池塘有机质最低,自然纳潮池塘最高,养水机池塘沉积物的细菌多样性最高,真菌数量最多有关。表明养水机能够快速去除沉积物中氮、磷有机化合物,有利于池塘的正常物质循环。本研究从沉积物酶活性的角度,探讨了养水机的作用效果与其他两种水质调控方式产生差异的机理。 相似文献
2.
为探究自然纳潮、微孔曝气、养水机3种水质调控方式下仿刺参池塘底部的沉积物间隙水水体环境,对3种池塘间隙水水温、溶解氧、无机氮、无机磷4项水质指标差异进行测定分析。试验结果显示：自然池塘间隙水水温为-2.4～25.8℃,微孔曝气池塘间隙水水温为-3.0～26.1℃,养水机池塘间隙水水温为-2.2～26.1℃;自然池塘间隙水溶解氧质量浓度为0.25～18.80 mg/L,微孔曝气池塘间隙水溶解氧质量浓度为4.51～16.78 mg/L,养水机池塘间隙水溶解氧质量浓度为5.88～19.72 mg/L;自然池塘间隙水无机氮质量浓度为0.440～1.347 mg/L,微孔曝气池塘间隙水无机氮质量浓度为0.482～1.367 mg/L,养水机池塘间隙水无机氮质量浓度为0.214～1.149 mg/L,养水机池塘无机氮质量浓度全年各月份均处于最低水平,平均为0.556 mg/L;自然池塘间隙水无机磷质量浓度为0.0042～0.0871 mg/L,微孔曝气池塘间隙水无机磷质量浓度为0.0071～0.0794 mg/L,养水机池塘间隙水无机磷质量浓度为0.0065～0.0818 mg/L。综合分析得知,... 相似文献
3.
为探究不同管理方式对刺参养殖池塘(简称参池)沉降颗粒物及相关底泥、水体指标的影响,分别测定9口参池(分为养水机、自然纳潮、微孔曝气3组参池,每组3个重复)颗粒物质在四季的平均沉降量和水平空间分布情况,底泥有机质含量和弧菌(Vibrio)总数,水体营养盐含量、浮游植物生物量和净初级生产力。结果显示,自然纳潮和微孔曝气池塘颗粒物质平均沉降量的季节、水平分布均无显著差异(P>0.05);养水机池塘颗粒物质平均沉降量在夏季为(30.33±2.46) g/(m2?d),极显著高于另外2组参池(P<0.01),在冬季为(7.49±1.17) g/(m2?d),显著低于另外2组参池(P<0.05);在水平分布上,养水机池塘沉降颗粒物的分布较另外2组参池更均匀;在相同季节,养水机池塘底泥有机质含量和弧菌总数均处于3组参池的最低水平,微孔曝气池塘总体次之,自然纳潮池塘总体最高;3组参池的水体营养盐含量接近,而养水机池塘浮游植物生物量、净初级生产力均处于3组参池中最高水平,微孔曝气池塘总体次之,自然纳潮池塘总体最低。本研究表明,传统海参养殖在自然纳潮换水管理基础上,辅助适宜设备能够影响颗粒物质的沉降规律,加快参池底泥–水体之间营养物质交换,改善水底养殖环境。 相似文献
4.
5.
2017年11月(秋季),在辽宁省大连市青堆子海域(N39.78°,E123.32°)的自然纳潮、微孔曝气和养水机调水3种管理方式的矩形海参(Apostichopus japonicus)养殖池塘中,按照《国家海洋调查规范》(GB/T12763)规定的方法采集水样和泥样,用高通量测序技术研究秋季不同水质调控方式下刺参养殖池塘水体和底泥中菌群群落结构特征。试验池塘面积为5.1 hm2,南深北浅,泥沙池底,实验期间各池塘不投饵和药。结果显示:三种池塘的底泥菌群多样性要高于水体中;养水机池塘水体中的菌群多样性高于其他两种池塘,微孔曝气池塘底泥中菌群多样性最高。水样和泥样中第一优势菌门都是变形菌门(Proteobacteria);次优势菌门有所不同,养水机、微孔曝气和自然纳潮池塘中,水样和泥样分别为:厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和绿湾菌门(Chloroflexi)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。三种池塘内优势菌群群落构成相同,但其各自门、纲和属的... 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
于2007、2008年每年的3-11月,对大连沿海地区的仿刺参养殖池塘叶绿素a含量进行了调查,并对初级生产力进行了估算.结果表明,大连沿海各地区的仿刺参养殖池塘中叶绿素a年均含量为2.11～5.40 mg/m3,最高值出现在2007年8月的庄河,平均值为12.96 mg/m3,最低值出现在2007年3月的旅顺附近,平均值为0.17 mg/m3.仿刺参养殖池塘中初级生产力的年均值为111.38～272.58 mg/(m2 · d),最高值出现在2007年6月的瓦房店复州湾地区,平均值为602.72 mg/(m2 · d),最低值出现在2007年3月的旅顺附近,平均值为16.47 mg/(m2 · d). 相似文献
9.
黄河三角洲沿海池塘健康养殖刺参，池塘水环境的控制技术非常重要。池塘水环境的控制包括水层环境和底栖环境，控制的主要内容为盐度、溶氧和底栖硅藻等饵料生物的生长。如果池水清新，参礁能够得到阳光，底栖硅藻可以光合作用，在生长自身的同时放出氧气，这在春、秋季节很有利于海参生长。但有时池塘浮游植物多，透明度只有50cm左右，参礁几乎不见光线，这时氧气主要靠浮游植物制造，浮游植物制造的氧气主要在水的中上层，海参需要爬到石头堆的上面才能呼吸到氧气或者爬向岸边，这样容易造成损失，所以要定时做好水质监测，控制好水温、盐度、溶解氧、酸碱度等指标，调控好水色、透明度及水中浮游生物的种类、数量。同时养殖人员每天定时巡池，观察刺参的成活、生长、摄食、排便等状况，发现漏水、刺参异常现象，要及时在水质调控、饵料等方面采取必要措施，做到安全生产，防患于未然。 相似文献
10.
11.
Zdeňka Svobodová Jana Máchová Hana Kroupová Miriam Smutná Ladislav Groch 《Aquaculture International》2007,15(3-4):277-286
Three case studies of ammonia autointoxication of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) are described. In the first case, carp yearlings with a full digestive tract were transferred during the growing period
from pond water (22°C) to tap water (17°C). In the second case, marketable carp were transferred from the fishing ground of
a pond (18°C) to a storage pond (10–12°C). Harvest was performed in late September when the fish were still ingesting natural
feed. In the third case, marketable carp after storage for 1 month were transferred to storage ponds with markedly lower water
temperature. Stress because of harvest and handling also occurred in this case. In all cases, highly increased concentrations
of ammonia were found in the blood plasma of the fish (mean ± SD 1760 ± 350 μmol L−1 in the first case, 870 ± 540 μmol L−1 in the second case, and 880 ± 150 μmol L−1 in the third case). Highly congested, dark-red coloured, oedematous gills were observed for all specimens. We can avoid similar
cases of ammonia autointoxication by protection of fish from sudden changes of temperature during rearing, harvesting, and
handling. 相似文献
12.
Jiang Hucheng Chen Xiaohui Bian Wenji Fu Longlong Qin Qin Zhong Liqiang Wang Minghua 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(6):2432-2442
The industrial aquaculture pond system has gradually replaced the use of traditional earthen pond, as it causes less pollution and is more economical. In this study, an industrial ecological purification recirculating aquaculture system consisting of the water source pond, high‐density culture ponds, a deposit pond, and ecological purification ponds for channel catfish cultivation was established. Twelve water samples from different ponds were sequenced, and the bacterial communities were analysed. The abundances of Cyanobacteria and Merismopedia varied in different functional ponds of the system. The water quality was stable after two months of cultivation at 1.89 ± 0.22 mg/L total nitrogen, 1.1 ± 0.08 mg/L NH4‐N and 0.43 ± 0.1 mg/L total phosphorus. The fish weight increased in a nearly linear manner, reaching 237.63 ± 23.8 per fish at day 120. An analysis of the environmental parameters, water quality and fish weight suggested that the system had an effective water purification process. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the community was affected at the genus and phylum levels by different environmental parameters. We identified several dominant beneficial bacteria with nutrient removal abilities. Overall, our results demonstrated that the ecological purification recirculating aquaculture system had notable effects on water quality improvement and promoted changes in bacterial populations. These results provide important information on the microbial ecology of pond industrial eco‐aquaculture systems. 相似文献
13.
Animal manure has been traditionally used to fertilize fish ponds in Vietnam. While this practice effectively reuses agricultural
wastes, high concentrations of pathogenic microorganisms in animal manure raise public health concerns. Working in fish ponds
and handling of contaminated fish in unhygienic manner were identified as potential factors of occupational risk. Escherichia coli occurred in numbers <103 colony forming units (CFU)/100 mL in irrigation water and <104 CFU/100 mL in fish pond water that uses animal manure. Escherichia coli on tilapia skin in numbers were <103 CFU/100 cm in excreta-based systems and <101 CFU/100 cm in feed-based systems, respectively. The study identified direct use of animal manure as major contributors of
the fecal contamination of pond water as well as skin of cultured fish. Estimated risks of enteric infection were 100–1000
times higher than the US Environmental Protection Agency acceptable risk. While these risk values are not likely to accurately
predict infection rates in Vietnam, they indicate a potential occupational risk in the long term. Therefore, a need for risk
mitigation measures was realized for health protection of future generation in agricultural communities. 相似文献
14.
Nallely Estrada‐Perez Javier M. J. Ruiz‐Velazco Francisco J. Magallon‐Barajas Angel I. Campa‐Cordova Alfredo Hernndez‐Llamas 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(1):242-254
The production of Litopenaeus vannamei was analysed when affected by the acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease using a dynamic stock model and primary data of seven production cycles from a shrimp farm in Mexico from 2013 to 2016. Significant results (p < .05) of the correlation analysis indicated that during those years mortalities by the disease were more severe when water salinity was high and productivity was low. Significant results from ANOVA showed that throughout the period, disease severity and salinity diminished while pond productivity initially declined but subsequently improved. Significant results from regression analyses conducted for each production cycle also indicated the importance of salinity and productivity on disease severity and showed that early mortality by the disease occurred in ponds with warmer water. Within the observed range of water quality parameters, increases of 1 cm in water transparency and 1 g/L in salinity resulted in increments within 0.17%–0.25% and 1.7%–3.1% in shrimp mortality by the disease. When increases of 1°C in water temperature were recorded, outbreaks occurred 0.2–1.57 weeks earlier. In conclusion, the disease strongly determines the dynamics of shrimp production, and the role of salinity, productivity and temperature is worthy of further delving. 相似文献
15.
The effectiveness of a commercial microbial product in poorly prepared tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius), ponds 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The efficacy of a commercial microbial product was tested in commercial tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius), ponds for one culture period in Kuala Selangor, Malaysia. Four ponds with replicates for treatment and control were used. The pond bottom was dried but the organic sludge was not removed as normally practised in pond preparation. The ponds were stocked with 15 post‐larvae at the rate of 31.m?2. Physical, chemical and biological parameters of the pond were analysed every 2 weeks during the culture period. Water quality parameters remained within the optimum range for shrimp culture except for ammonia‐nitrogen being significantly higher in control ponds and silica in treated ponds. Benthic organisms were not found in any of the ponds. The average counts of different bacteria were not significantly higher in treated ponds than control. Because of poor health, the shrimp were harvested earlier (72 days) than the usual 120 days. An average of 875.60 ± 67.00 kg shrimp ha?1 was obtained in treated ponds with a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.57 ± 0.10 and survival rate of 42.35 ± 5.37% compared with 719.50 ± 130.94 kg shrimp ha?1, 2.99 ± 0.70 and 21.25 ± 3.26%, respectively, in control ponds. Neither the microbial product nor the frequent water exchange was effective in overcoming the problems caused by the poor pond bottom. 相似文献
16.
人工鱼礁和大型海藻对许氏平鲉和大泷六线鱼幼鱼的诱集作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探究大型海藻和人工鱼礁对鱼类的诱集作用,依据崂山湾人工鱼礁区游泳动物和大型海藻调查结果,以海黍子、孔石莼、带形蜈蚣藻、石花菜和小珊瑚藻5种优势藻类,许氏平鲉和大泷六线鱼2种优势鱼类以及人工鱼礁模型为研究对象,于室内实验水槽观察了许氏平鲉和大泷六线鱼幼鱼在海藻和模型礁中的行为反应和分布。结果显示,水槽中未投放模型礁和海藻时,实验鱼密集出现在水槽边缘区(A9),分布率分别为75.71%±7.79%和73.63%±4.41%。放入模型礁和海藻丛后,许氏平鲉和大泷六线鱼出现短暂的排斥反应,然后迅速聚集其中;2种鱼对带形蜈蚣藻的响应时间最短[(12.75~21.00)s],对模型礁的响应时间最长[(66.50~151.25)s];带形蜈蚣藻聚集许氏平鲉用时最短[(151.50±8.14)s],海黍子聚集大泷六线鱼用时最短[(56.00±2.53)s];大泷六线鱼对模型礁的聚集时间为(216.25±5.59)s,远低于许氏平鲉(1343.50±5.38)s;2种鱼在模型礁中的停留时间远长于海藻丛,且大泷六线鱼的停留时间(211.85±7.96)s长于许氏平鲉(199.75±16.82)s。海藻丛和模型礁对2种岩礁性幼鱼的诱集效果明显,实验区幼鱼的分布率由未投放模型礁和海藻前的0.91%~8.78%上升到4.21%~31.42%;高密度带形蜈蚣藻和海黍子的诱集效果最好,对许氏平鲉和大泷六线鱼的聚集率分别达到30.42%±1.14%和31.42%±1.74%,而低密度小珊瑚藻的诱集作用不明显。 相似文献
17.
室内集约化养虾池以低频率运转水处理系统调控水质效果及氮磷收支 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用低频率运转循环水处理系统(含粗滤器、臭氧仪、气液混合器,蛋白分离器、暗沉淀池等)联用池内设施(微泡曝气增氧机与净水网)开展凡纳滨对虾室内集约化养殖实验。研究了养虾池以水处理系统调控水质效果及氮磷收支。结果表明,养虾水经系统处理后,NO2-N(53.4%～64.5%)、CODMn(53.4%～94.4%)与TAN(31.6%～40.4%)被显著去除,有效改进虾池水质;养殖周期内未换水与用药,虾池主要水化指标均控制在对虾生长安全范围,7号实验池(100 d)与8号对照池(80 d)主要水化指标变化范围:DO分别为 5.07～6.70 mg/L和4.38～6.94 mg/L,TAN 0.248～0.561 mg/L和0.301～0.794 mg/L,NO2-N 0.019～0.311 mg/L和0.012～0.210 mg/L,CODMn 10.88～21.22 mg/L和11.65～23.34 mg/L。7号池对虾生长指数优于8号池(80 d虾病暴发终止),单位水体产量分别为1.398 kg/m2与0.803 kg/m2。氮磷收支估算结果:7号与8号池饲料氮磷分别占总收入:氮93.70%与92.37%,磷98.77%与99.09%;初始水层与虾苗含氮共占总收入6.30%与7.63%,磷共占1.23%与0.91%。总水层(含排污水)氮磷分别占总输出:氮56.45%与59.86%,磷53.26%与55.79%;收获虾体氮磷分别占总输出:氮37.07%与31.94%,磷21.37%与13.11%。7号池饲料转化率较高;池水渗漏与吸附等共损失氮磷分别占总输出:氮7.00%与9.34%,磷25.37%与31.10%。实验结果表明,虾池以低频率运转循环水处理系统联用池内设施可有效控制水质与虾病,具较高饲料转化率。 相似文献
18.
Water quality and plankton densities in mixed shrimp-mangrove forestry farming systems in Vietnam 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Water quality and plankton densities were monitored in shrimp ponds at 12 mixed shrimp‐mangrove forestry farms in Ca Mau province, southern Vietnam, to detail basic water chemistry and assess whether conditions are suitable for shrimp culture. In general, water quality was not optimal for shrimp culture. In particular, ponds were shallow (mean ± 1SE, 50.5 ± 2.8 cm), acidic (pH < 6.5), had high suspended solids (0.3 ± 0.03 g l?1), low chlorophyll a/phytoplankton concentrations (0.2 ± 0.05 µg l?1 and 8600 ± 800 cells l?1 respectively) and low dissolved oxygen (DO) levels (3.7 ± 0.15 mg l?1). Eight out of the 12 farms sampled had potentially acid sulphate soils (pH < 4.2). Salinity, DO and pH were highly variable over short time‐periods (hours); DO in particular was reduced to potentially lethal levels (1–2 mg l?1). Seasonal variations in water chemistry and plankton communities (i.e. salinity, DO, phosphate, temperature, phytoplankton and zooplankton densities) appear to be driven by differences in rainfall patterns. The presence or absence of mangroves on internal pond levees (‘mixed’ versus ‘separate’ farms) and the source of pond water (rivers versus canals) were of lesser importance in determining water quality patterns and plankton biomass. Zooplankton and macrobenthos densities were sufficient to support the current (low) stocking densities of shrimp. However, natural food sources are not adequate to support increases in production by stocking hatchery reared post larvae. Increasing productivity by fertilization and/or supplemental feeding has the potential for adverse water quality and would require improvements to water management practices. Some practical strategies for improving water quality and plankton densities are outlined. 相似文献
19.
Agricultural limestone reacted to a depth of approximately 15 cm in pond sediment during a period of 2 years. The weight of the upper 15-cm layer of sediment in fish ponds averaged 1 407 000 kg/ha. The estimated number of sediment samples required for allowable errors in lime requirement of ± 500, ± 750, and ± 1000 kg/ha of CaCO3 are presented for ponds with areas of < 0.4–10.3 ha. The residual effect of liming, based on results from laboratory mud-water systems, should last for about 10 water exchanges. 相似文献
20.
Four experiments were conducted in order to determine the optimum dosageof Azotobacter chroococcum vis-a-vis organic fertilizer(cow-dung) required for optimum pond productivity. Hydrobiological parameters ofpond water, Azotobacter survival (viable counts), netprimary productivity (NPP) and fish growth were monitored. Studies have revealedthat irrespective of the treatments, dissolved oxygen (DO) levels weresignificantly (P < 0.05) lowered on inoculating the ponds withAzotobacter. Alkalinity, O-PO4,NO3-N, turbidity, NPP, plankton population and fish growth weresignificantly (P < 0.05) enhanced in ponds inoculated withAzotobacter @ 100.0 ml pond–1w–2 in combination with cow-dung @ 10000 kgha–1 y–1. At higher or lower dosages offertilizers, the values in most of these parameters remained low. On the otherhand, total kjeldahl nitrogen and NH4-N increased continuously. Ingeneral, viable bacterial counts decreased with increase in pH, however, therate of nitrogen fixation was not affected. Multivariate analysis of the data revealed a significantpositive correlation of nutrients (Total kjeldahl Nitrogen, NO3-N andO-PO4), with NPP and plankton populations. NH4-N, however,showed a significant negative correlation with DO, NPP and plankton populations.Highest fish biomass and SGR also coincided with the highest NPP and planktonpopulations, revealing that a dose of 100.0 ml pond–1w–2 (for 25 m3 ponds) ofAzotobacter along with 10000 kg ha–1y–1 of cow-dung appears to be optimum for obtainingoptimum pond productivity and fish yield. Nutrients in the sediment(NO3-N and O-PO4) also followed similar trend. On theother hand, organic carbon increased continuously with each increase in thedosage of fertilizers. A decline in fish biomass and pond productivity at higherfertilizer dosages has been attributed to low DO, high NH4-N and BOD. 相似文献