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1.
Regarding paddy soil colloids as the so-called “organo-mineral colloidal complexes” of A. F. Tyulin, the authors separated the colloidal fractions after his method, and reported the characrzstics of each fraction, and content of humus and some characteristics thereof in the previous paper1). 相似文献
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The kinetic characteristics of P adsorption and desorption by organo-mineral colloidal complexes (OMC) were studied using acid, calcareous and neutral purple paddy soils taken from Chongqing and Sichuan, China. The results showed that the P adsorption capacity of the organo-mineral colloidal complexes differed with the soil tyes, being higher for the acid and calcareous purple soils than for the neutral purple soils. Partial removal of the organic matter increased the adsorption capacity of the colloidal complexes. A very significant positive correlation was found between the amounts of P desorbed from OMC and the P saturation degrees. The P adsorption reaction was quick at the early stage and slowed later. The raise of temperature increased P adsorption capacity and P adsorption rate of the colloidal complexes. The adsorption processes could be described by the Elovich equation. 相似文献
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Hidenori Hashimoto Togoro Harada Toshinobu Yumoto 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):114-119
In the preceding paper (1), humus status in G 1 colloidal complexes of the high yield paddy soils was reported. This report describes the experimental results on the clay minerals contained in G 1 colloidal complexes of the same soils as above. 相似文献
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江苏南部几种水稻土的有机-矿貭复合体性貭的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近几年来的研究表明,丰产水稻土不但具有供給水稻生长的良好的土壤环境,而且还具有便于調节肥力因素的土壤特性[2,3]。同时,在羣众經驗总結中,也发现我国农民对土壤的評价不仅有“肥瘦”之分,而且还有“好坏”之別。而判別“好坏”的标准看来也就是土壤是否易于調节其肥力因素以滿足不同作物或同一作物在不同生育时期生活的需要。 相似文献
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稻作制度对红壤性水稻土有机质特征的影响 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
采用长期定位试验,比较3种稻作制度对红壤性水稻土有机质总量、有机无机复合状况、腐殖质结合形态、腐殖质组成、胡敏酸光学性质和总酸度等的影响。结果表明:冬泡制度比水旱轮作有助于增加土壤有机质总量、重组有机质含量、胡敏酸含量和胡敏酸/富啡酸,而水旱轮作比冬泡制度有利于提高土壤松结合态腐殖质、松结合态腐殖质/紧结合态腐殖质、胡敏酸E4值和总酸度。由此说明,冬泡制度有利于土壤有机质总量和胡敏酸的累积,但不利于胡敏酸分子的增长,腐殖质品质较差。而水旱轮作条件下土壤有机质活性增加,胡敏酸分子结构趋于复杂,其氧化度和芳香度增加。因此,通过周期性的水旱轮作换茬,可使土壤有机质的腐殖化和矿质化过程比例协调,从而提高土壤有机质的质量。 相似文献
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耕作年限对水稻土有机碳分布和腐殖质结构特征的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
分析比较了浙江慈溪耕作年限为50、100、500、700、1 000、2 000 a的水稻土剖面和不同粒级复合体中有机碳的分布特征,并利用红外光谱技术,探讨了长期耕作对水稻土腐殖质结构和功能基团的影响。结果表明,耕作年限在50~2 000 a范围内,稻田耕作表层有机碳含量受耕作年限影响不大,随着耕作年限的增加,约30~60 cm深度土层中有机碳含量有升高趋势。稻田土壤0~40 cm土层和40~80 cm土层有机碳储量变化幅度(Δ)随着耕作年限的增加逐渐下降,表明早期开垦的水稻土仍有很大的固碳潜力。100、500、1 000a水稻土耕作表层中,<2μm复合体的有机碳含量受耕作年限影响不大;随着耕作年限延长,<2μm复合体有机碳分配系数不断增大,10~50μm复合体有机碳分配系数则呈下降趋势。100、500、700 a水稻土胡敏酸的芳化度随耕作年限增加有所提高,500和700 a水稻土胡敏酸的脂肪族-CH2-、-CH3基团含量要高于100 a水稻土,胡敏酸的聚合程度基本上不受耕作年限影响。 相似文献
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Dissolution and Fractionation of Calcium—Bound and Iron—and Aluminum—Bound Humus in Soils 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
XUJIAN－MING YUANKE－NENG 《土壤圈》1993,3(1):75-80
This paper deals with the development of a sequential extraction method to separate the Ca-bound and Fe-and Al-bound humus from soils.First,comparative analyses were carried out on dissolution of synthetic organo-mineral complexes by different extractants,i.e.0.1M Na4P2O7,0.1M NaOH 0.1M Na4P2O7 mixture,0.1M NaOH,0.5M (NaPO3)6 and 0.5M neutral Na2SO4.Among the five extractants,0.1M NaOH 0.1M Na4P2O7 mixture was the most efficient in extracting humus from various complexes.0.5M Na2SO4 had a better specificity to Ca than 0.5M (NaPO3)6,by only extracting Ca-bound humus without destorying Fe-and Al-bound organo-mineral complexes.Then sequential extractions first with 0.5M Na2SO4 and then with 0.1M NaOH 0.1M Na4P2O7 mixture were applied to a series of soil samples with different degrees of base saturation.The cations were dominated by Ca in the 0.5M Na2SO4 extract and by Al in the 0.1M NaOH 0.1M Na4P2O7 mixture.The sequential extraction method can efficiently separate or isolate Ca-bound and Fe-and Al-bound humus from each other. 相似文献
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This paper deals with characteristics of organo-mineral complexing of microaggregates in the paddy soils developed from purple soils in Sichuan, China. Results show that the contents of organic matter in microaggregates are in the order of 1-0.25 mm > smaller than 0.05 mm > 0.05-0.25 mm. But the organic matter in 1-0.01 mm microaggregates accounts for 68.1%-78.7% of that in soil. The organic matter in < 0.05 mm microaggregates is complexed humus on the whole, of which the degree of organo-mineral complexing varies between 96.1% and 99.5%, which is higher than that of the soil or > 0.05 mm microaggregates. The contents of loosely combined humus and the ratios of loosely and tightly combined humus markedly decline with the size of microaggregates. Flesh soil humus formed from semi-decomposed organic material or organic manure added is combined first with < 0.001 mm clay, and then aggregated with other organic and mineral particles to form larger microaggregates, in which the aging of humus happens at the same time; whereas organic matter of the light fraction is mainly involved in the formation of > 0.05 mm microaggregates. 相似文献
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XUJIAN－MING HOUHUI－ZHEN 《土壤圈》1992,2(1):23-30
The objective of the present study is to reveal the composition and characteristics of organo-mineral complexes in red soils (red soil,lateritic red soil and latosol) of south China in terms of chemical dissolution and fractional peptization methos.In the combined humus,most of the extractable humus could dissolve in 0.1 M NaOH extractant and belonged to active humus (H1),and there was only a small amount of humus which could be further dissolved in 0.1 M Na4P2O7 extractant at pH 13 and was stably combined humus (H2).The H1/H2 ratio ranged from 3.3 to 33.8 in red soils,and the proportions of both H1 and total extractable organic carbon (H1 H2) in total soil organic carbon and the ratios of H1 to H2 and H1 to (H1 H2) were all higher in lateritic red soil and latosol than in red soil.The differences of combined humus composition in various red soils were directly related to the content of Fe and Al oxides.In organo-mineral complexes,the ratio of Na-dispersed fraction (G1) to Na-ground-dispersed fraction (G2) was generally smaller than 1 for red soils,but there was a higher G1/G2 ratio in red soil than in lateritic red soil and latosol.G1 fraction had a higher content of fulvic acid (FA),but G2 fraction had a higher content of humic acid (HA).The ratios of H1 to H2 and HA to FA were higher in G2 than in G1.The differences in the composition and activity of humus between G1 and G2 fractions were related to the content of free Fe and Al oxides.The quantities of complex Fe and Al,the Fe/C and Al/C atomic ratios were higher in G2 than in G1,and the ratio of Al/C was much higher than that of Fe/C.It may be deduced that aluminum plays a more important role than iron in the formation process of organo-mineral complexes in red soils. 相似文献
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水旱轮作条件下土壤有机无机复合状况的研究 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
在黄棕壤和灰潮土上进行水旱轮作条件下土壤有机无机复合状况变化的研究表明:1.水改旱有利于促进土壤有机质与土壤矿质部分的复合,增加土壤有机无机复合量,旱改水则使游离态有机质增多。2.水改旱后,土壤所复合的腐殖质中紧结态的相对较多,同时松结态和紧结态腐殖质的易氧化部分增多,能促使结合态腐殖质的氧化更新;旱改水后,松结态腐殖质相对增多,以及松结态和紧结态腐殖质的难氧化部分增多。3.水改旱后可导致土壤腐殖质组分上的差异,即HA-B/FA-B的比值升高;HA-A/FA-A的比值下降。4.水改旱后土壤碳、氮含量除细粘粒复合体中有增加外,其他粒径复合体中的都减少了,而磷、硫含量在粗粘粒和细粘粒复合体中均有明显增加,说明水改旱有利于缩短土壤有机质以及氮、磷、硫养分的循环周期,促进其易矿化性。 相似文献
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P. Duchaufour 《Geoderma》1976,15(1):31-40
The author studies the reciprocal action of the organic and inorganic components during the process of humification in temperate climates. In an Atlantic climate, three main types of organo-mineral complexes occur: humus—CaCO3 in rendzina soils, humus-allophane in andosols and humus-iron in brown acid soils. These complexes differ in their properties, both biologically (ability to withstand biodegradation) and chemically (ability to withstand extractants).The humus-swelling clay complex, occurring in fluctuating pedoclimates, shows a high degree of polymerization of organic matter (maturation).The temperate humus forms are classified with regard to the kind and degree of transformation of the fresh organic matter: (1) little-transformed humus (e.g., calcic mull and moder); (2) strongly transformed humified humus (e.g., acid mull, andosol); (3) very much transformed, mature humus type (e.g., Vertisol, chernozem). 相似文献
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土壤有机矿质复合体研究Ⅳ.有机矿质复合体中有机磷的分布 总被引：17，自引：4，他引：17
本文研究湖沼母质发育的青紫泥水稻土和第四纪红土母质上发育的黄筋泥水稻土的有机矿质复合体中有机磷的分布。结果表明:各组复合体中有机磷的含量(μg/g)是G2>G1>G0C/P0和N/P0比例是G2高于G0和G1,说明有机磷在复合体G2中的富集低于有机碳和氮。复合体中可溶性有机磷化合物总量较全土高。可溶性有机磷化合物中,肌醇磷占有机磷12.1-32.3%,核酸磷占1.9-5.8%,磷酸磷占0.7-3.1%。复合体中肌醇磷、核酸磷和磷脂磷的含量(μg/g)G2明显高于G0和G1。复合体中有机磷的活性分级为:活性磷占10%左右,中等活性磷占50%左右,中等稳定性磷和高度稳定性磷各占20%左右。G0组的活性磷比例较全土高,但G1和G2组中则明显降低。不同土壤有机矿质复合体中活性磷和中等活性磷的分布,与有机磷化合物中的核酸磷和肌醇磷的含量有关。 相似文献
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The pH stability of urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and phosphodiesterase in soils was investigated by first incubating a soil sample at the indicated pH (1–13) for 24 h and then measuring the activity at its optimal pH under standardized conditions. Generally, the decline in enzyme activity in a pH-profile near the optimum pH range was due to a reversible reaction that involved ionization or deionization of acidic or basic groups in the active centre of the enzyme-protein. Irreversible inactivation of the enzyme was particularly evident at the lower and higher ranges of acidic and alkaline conditions. Results showed that the pH stability of soil enzymes was highly dependent on the soils being assayed. The variation among soils may be attributed to the diversity of vegetation, micro-organisms and soil fauna as sources contributing to the enzyme activity and to the protective sites which allowed entrapment of the enzyme within colloidal humus and organo-mineral complexes. Adherence of the enzyme-protein to the humic-clay fractions would allow some resistance to pH denaturation. 相似文献
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在福建中亚热带红壤区,将侵蚀经济林(油茶)改造成人工草地(人工植草)、封山育林(自然恢复)进行生态恢复,11a后,分析A-C层土壤的常规理化性质、土壤复合量、原土复合度、腐殖质结合形态用以评价土壤肥力变化。结果表明:不同土层各指标有明显差异,其中土壤速效养分、有机质、土壤复合量表现为A层B层C层,原土复合度则表现为C层B层A层。土壤腐殖质在C层呈松结合态向紧结合态转变的趋势,其中在自然恢复区B、C层土壤的松/紧比值较A层分别下降0.149,0.458个单位,人工植草区C层土壤的松/紧比值较A层下降0.292个单位,松结合态向紧结合态转变速度较自然恢复区有所减缓。人工植草区A层土壤的有机质及有机碳总量虽低于自然恢复区,但重组有机碳含量相近,其它测定指标亦无明显差异。 相似文献
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In the present paper,the composition of humus and the charateristics of humic acid from seven paddy soils were compared with those of upland (and/or natural) soils.Results show that:(1) in each group of the soil samples for comparison the HA/FA ratio of the humus of a paddy soil,in most cases,was appreciable higher than that of adjacent upland(and/or natural) soil derived from the same parent material;(2) the humic acid extracted from the paddy soils was characterized by a higher C/O ratio,a higher content of methoxyl groups,and a lower content of carboxyl groups than those from the corresponding upland (and/or natural) flooded soils,implying that the humic acid formed under rice cultivation is in a lower degree of humification than that formed under upland(and/or natural) conditions;and (3) the humic acid of paddy soils,however,was not always characterized by a lower aromaticity than that of the corresponding upland(and/or natural) soils. 相似文献
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土壤有机矿质复合体研究Ⅵ.胶散复合体的化学组成及其结合特征 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
本文研究水热条件渐变的地带性土壤中Ｇ１、Ｇ２组胶散复合体有机、无机物的化学组成及其结合特点。结果表明：Ｇ２组中铁有积累现象，游离态铁、铝氧化物含量为Ｇ２＞Ｇ１，但均随土壤类型变化。松结态腐殖质（Ｈ１）为Ｇ１＞Ｇ２，紧结态腐殖质（Ｈ３）则为Ｇ１＜Ｇ２。可提取腐殖质中，松、稳结态腐殖质之比值Ｈ１／Ｈ２和胡敏酸、富里酸之比值ＨＡ／ＦＡ，除个别土壤之外，都相关不大。Ｇ１、Ｇ２两组复合体中都含有一定数量的络 相似文献