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1.
The impact of slope aspect and gradient on the contents and distribution of heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Pb, and Cd) in the profiles of ordinary chernozem (Haplic Chernozems) was studied in Kursk oblast. Slope aspect was found to be a significant factor controlling the distribution of most of the bulk, mobile, and acid-soluble compounds of heavy metals, whereas the position on the slope (slope gradient) did not exert a significant influence on the distribution of elements. Bulk compounds of Co, Ni, Pb, and Cd showed the eluvial type of distribution in the soil profiles along with accumulation in the lower horizons. Distribution patterns of the mobile Cu, Co, Ni, Pb, and Cd were similar to those of the bulk ones. The latter phenomenon may be attributed to the high content of carbonates, an increased content of clay, and some alkalization of the soil solution in the lower horizons. 相似文献
2.
夏尔希里地区土壤重金属含量特征及空间变异分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以夏尔希里地区为研究区,对土壤样品中Co,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni共5种重金属的含量特征和空间分异规律进行了研究,采用单因子和内罗梅法分析土壤重金属的污染程度,并利用地统计学方法分析研究区土壤重金属的空间分异特征等。结果表明:研究区5种土壤重金属含量为:Mn > Cr > Cu > Ni > Co,5种重金属和有机质均属于中等变异强度;相关性分析结果显示:Co与Cu,Mn呈现显著相关;Cr与Cu,Ni有显著正相关;有机质与Cr,Mn,Cu,Ni均呈现正相关;重金属含量空间分异特征整体表现为绿洲区 > 荒漠区 > 山地森林区;重金属污染评价结果为:Co和Mn属于轻污染,Cr和Ni处于警戒线,属于尚清洁状态。 相似文献
3.
土壤可见光-近红外反射光谱与重金属含量之间的相关性 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
发展基于反射光谱技术的快速、简便、低成本的土壤重金属信息提取方法是区域土壤重金属污染治理所需要的。选择江西贵溪铜冶炼厂污染区,分析了9种重金属元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Co、Ni、Fe、Mn及Cr)与土壤可见光-近红外反射光谱之间的相关性及其相关的原因。研究表明,研究区土壤中存在Cu(含量介于66.71~387 mg kg-1之间)和Cd(含量介于0.36~6.019 mg kg-1之间)的强烈富集。土壤重金属含量与反射光谱之间存在显著相关,污染元素Cu的最高相关系数为-0.87,Pb、Zn、Co、Ni、Fe的最高相关系数达到高度相关(|r|>0.80),Cr、Cd、Mn的最高相关系数达到显著相关(|r|>0.70)。微分光谱适于获取土壤中的重金属元素信息,利用组合波段能显著提高相关性。Cu与反射光谱之间的相关性主要受有机质的影响;Pb、Zn、Co、Ni主要受黏土矿物和铁锰氧化物的影响;Cr与反射光谱之间的相关性同时受有机质和黏土矿物的影响。 相似文献
4.
通过野外采样和实验室分析,在分析土壤基本理化性质的基础上,重点研究宝鸡长青镇铅锌冶炼厂周边土壤中重金属元素的含量和形态特征,并进行了污染评价。结果表明,宝鸡长青镇铅锌冶炼厂周边土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn、Co、Ni、Cr的平均含量分别为31.8、41.3、102.6、704.6、14.4、37.4、83.2mg·kg-1,均高于陕西省和全国土壤元素背景值,尤其是Cu、Pb和Zn。土壤中Cu、Zn、Ni和Cr主要以残余态的形式存在,Pb、Mn和Co主要以可还原态和残余态的形式存在,重金属的迁移顺序为Mn（63.91%）〉Pb（60.08%）〉Co（51.70%）〉N（i37.12%）〉Zn（32.09%）〉C（r30.58%）〉Cu（19.95%）,其中,Mn、Pb和Co有50%~65%可以发生迁移,易被生物体利用,危害较大。评价结果表明,宝鸡长青镇铅锌冶炼厂周边土壤主要受到了Pb的轻度污染。 相似文献
5.
A. P. Dibirova Z. N. Akhmedova N. I. Ramazanova N. T. Gadzhimusieva 《Eurasian Soil Science》2009,42(10):1130-1137
The concentrations of Mn, Zn, B, and I; the humus content, and the pH values have been determined in the main soil types of
mountainous Dagestan. The total content of microelements and their distribution in the soil profiles depend on many factors,
including the absolute height of the territory and the character of soil-forming rocks. In general, the studied soils are
well provided with Zn and B and poorly provided with Mn and I. The concentrations of these microelements in all the soils
are highly variable in the upper horizons; down the soil profile, the degree of the spatial variability decreases. The variability
in the contents of Mn and I does not fit the normal law in the case of soddy meadow, eroded meadow, meadow-forest, and meadow-steppe
mountainous soils. No correlative relationships have been established between the contents of Zn, B, and humus, as well as
between the contents of Mn and Zn and the soil pH. A weak correlation exists between the content of B and I. 相似文献
6.
植被恢复模式对土壤重金属质量分数和土壤酶活性的影响——以山东省淄博市四宝山破坏山体为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
矿产资源开采造成了严重的重金属污染,为选择合理植被恢复模式以修复土壤重金属污染,以淄博市四宝山破坏山体不同植被恢复模式为对象,测定土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾质量分数,pH值等主要化学性质,土壤多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、脲酶活性和Cu、Zn、Cd等7种重金属质量分数,分析不同植被恢复模式对土壤重金属质量分数及土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:1)实验区土壤中重金属Zn轻度污染,Cu和Cd重度污染,其他重金属均不构成污染;2)各人工植被恢复模式土壤重金属质量分数均低于灌草丛的,其中黑松林对土壤Cu、Cd的修复效果最好,侧柏林对土壤Zn的修复效果最好;3)土壤重金属全量在垂直分布上规律复杂,有效量均表现为下层高于上层,土壤有效Cu、有效Zn、有效Cd下层比上层依次高9.24％～18.94％、0.97％～20.09％和5.48％～35.51％;4)在影响土壤酶活性的各种因素中,破坏山体土壤重金属有效量与土壤化学性质的影响最为明显,处于同等重要的地位.本研究发现,Cu、Zn、Cd均对4种土壤酶活性表现出了抑制作用,建议用土壤多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性作为破坏山体土壤重金属Cu污染的评价指标. 相似文献
7.
洛川苹果林地重金属分布特征和污染评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过取样调查和试验分析,选用As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb,Zn、Mn、Co.V等9种重金属元素研究了洛川苹果林地典型剖面(LC剖面)的重金属分布特征,并利用地累积指数法、重金属富集指数法、重金属潜在生态危害指数法,对洛川苹果林地重金属的污染状况和金属元素富集规律进行了初步研究.结果表明:As、Cr,Ni、Mn、V含量变化走势基本相同,总体上由表层向下波动递增,Cu、Pb、Zn、Co4元素含量垂向变化特征基本相似,由表层向下总体呈先减少后增多趋势;除Pb和Zn外,As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Mn,Co和V均有一定程度的富集.As的生态危害指数(Eri)较高,在9种重金属元素中最大,潜在生态危害指数(RJ)为39.9,但小于轻微生态危害的阈值150,表明该区苹果林地重金属尚未构成污染危害. 相似文献
8.
Electron microprobe studies on soil samples with varying heavy metal contamination. 2. Contents of heavy metals and other elements in aggregations of humic substances, litter residues and charcoal particles EMA point analysis show that the organic matter constituents of heavy metal contaminated soils are highly enriched with heavy metals. The maximal trace element accumulation were for Cu up to 13,000 mg/kg, for Zn up to 48,000 mg/kg, for Cd up to 2,100 mg/kg and for Pb up to 193,000 mg/kg. The affinity for the accumulation of the different heavy metals in aggregations of humic substances can be described by the sequence Cu > Pb ? Cd > Zn ? Ni > Co. In very strongly acidified humic top soil horizons the Pb and Cd accumulation in the organic matter constituents is in competition with the accumulation in Fe and Mn oxides. The heavy metal contents (especially of Cu) of the organic matter are often correlated with the content of organically bound calcium. The EMA results also show that high heavy metal amounts occur in combination with Ca-accumulations in the epidermis and the outer bark parenchym of decayed roots. EMA point analysis of the interior of fungus sclerotias show that sclerotias can contain high amounts of heavy metals, in particular lead (up to 49,700 mg Pb/kg). From statistical results of EMA point analysis follows that lead and other heavy metals attached to humic substances are not only bound as metal organic complexes but also as organic metal phosphate complexes. Also charcoal particles of polluted soils contain high amounts of heay metals. The accumulation affinity is quite similar to that of humic substances. 相似文献
9.
The influence of organic matter in the translocation of metals between soil and soil solution of an acid forest soil Water extracts were prepared from soil samples which were collected from a soil profile showing very little variation in the texture down to a depth of 120 cm and thus only little translocation of clay in the soil profile. The aim of the study was to describe the distribution between soil and soil solution of several metals like Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn, Al and Mn as a function of humic substances, electrolyte concentration and pH. From the experimental results the following hypothesis on the reaction mechanisms involving metals and humus derived substances has been deduced. The metals Cu, Fe, Al and Pb are mobilized through complexation by soluble humus substances in addition to the usual pH dependent desorption and dissolution of hydroxides. This mobilization determines the solution concentration of Cu and Fe at pH > 3.7 and Al and Pb at pH > 4.2. Al, Fe and Pb are complexed selectively by high molecular weight humus derived substances which undergo adsorption on soil mineral surfaces. Cu interacts with low molecular weight humus derived substances which are not easily adsorbed by the mineral surfaces. Zn, Cd and Mn primarily undergo sorption and are thus controlled by pH and electrolyte concentration of solutions because their complexation with humus derived substances seems to be weak or nonexistant. It is further postulated that the humus derived substances mobilize Al3+ and Fe3+ ions. By this, other metals like Cd, Zn, Mn, Ca and Mg can occupy the free exchange sites. 相似文献
10.
通过现场采样及室内测试方法,分析了珠江三角洲污灌区土壤中9种重金属Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Mn、Ni、As、Cr、Se的含量分布特征。结果表明,污灌区土壤9种重金属的全量平均含量均已超出广东省土壤背景值,其中Cd的污染程度最重,Se的污染程度最轻;污灌区土壤以Cd元素的有效系数最高,Ni元素的有效系数最低。Zn、Pb、Cu以及Cd元素随采样深度的增加其全量逐渐减少,Cr、Ni、As以及Se元素随采样深度的增加其全量呈上下波动状态或几乎不变,而Mn元素则是随采样深度的增加其全量先略有减少而后骤升。Cu、Cd、Zn等3种元素全量与有效态含量以及这3种元素全量间均呈显著或极显著的正相关关系。 相似文献
11.
G. M. Kashulina 《Eurasian Soil Science》2018,51(4):467-478
The results of landscape monitoring of the concentrations of acid-extractable Ni, Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn in soils of the local impact zone of the Severonikel industrial complex on the Kola Peninsula are discussed. The aim of monitoring studies was to reveal the spatial and temporal regularities of variation in the degree of soil contamination by heavy metals. In 2001–2011, the concentrations of acid-extractable compounds of the elements in the upper part of organic soil horizons around this plant exceeded their background concentrations by two orders of magnitude for Cu and Co and by three orders of magnitude for Ni. The degree of topsoil contamination with Ni, Cu, and Co generally corresponded to the distance of the plots from the contamination source and to the modern technogenic load. However, because of the long period of the emissions, their extreme amounts, and complex composition, indirect factors—the degree of technogenic soil degradation, the loss of soil organic matter, saturation of the surface soil layers by the contaminating metals, and competitive relationships between the elements—also affect soil contamination level. The concentrations of all the studied metals in the topsoil are characterized by considerable (1.5 to 7 times) variability in their long-term dynamics. The most important factors of this variability for Ni, Cu, and Co are the organic matter content of the samples and the amount of atmospheric precipitation in the year preceding the sampling. An inverse relationship between element concentrations in the soils and the amount of atmospheric precipitation attests to the dynamic nature and reversible character of the accumulation of heavy metals in the soils. 相似文献
12.
采煤沉陷区土壤重金属含量对土壤酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探明煤矿沉陷区土壤受重金属污染情况,探讨重金属含量对酶活性的影响,以焦作韩王煤矿沉陷区为例,通过野外调查与采样和室内分析,研究煤矿沉陷区土壤中重金属累积特性与土壤酶活性的变化。结果表明:研究区土壤中重金属Cu、Zn、As、Mo、Hg、Pb、Cd等含量均高于对照小区的含量,且有明显的空间异质性;沉陷区各种酶活性大都低于对照点,其在空间分布上受重金属的影响,重金属Co、Ni对大多数酶有促进作用,As、Mo则对酶活性有抑制作用,重金属对酶活性的影响取决于重金属的类型与含量;在研究区,蔗糖酶对重金属污染较为敏感,表明蔗糖酶可作为评估煤矿沉陷区土壤环境质量变化的有效指标。 相似文献
13.
大宝山矿区农田土壤重金属污染及其植物累积特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对金属矿山选冶活动影响的农田土壤,不同灌溉水源会影响重金属的分布累积特征。根据实际情况将大宝山矿区农田土壤分为污水灌溉区、清水灌溉区、自然修复区和对照区,并进行土壤和植物样品采集,调查研究了土壤的基本理化性质,Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Mn 5种重金属的含量和化学形态分布,以及不同区域植物中重金属的含量。结果表明:污灌区Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn的含量最高,是自然修复区和清水灌溉区的1.75倍~10.51倍,对照区最低;Mn在各采样点的含量无显著差别。土壤Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb含量两两之间显著正相关,Mn与Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb呈负相关关系;土壤pH与重金属环境有效态关系密切。残渣态是5种重金属的主要存在形态,有机态含量也较高;Cd的环境有效态含量占总量的比例是其他4种重金属的2倍左右。稻米中5种重金属在清水灌溉区的含量均比污水灌溉区低,其中Cu和Zn的含量在两区域均未超标(NY861-2004),而Pb和Cd的含量严重超标。重金属在自然修复区和清水灌溉区呈现较低的土壤污染和人体健康风险,该研究数据可为金属矿区土壤污染控制提供科学的依据。 相似文献
14.
开封黑岗口引黄灌区稻麦轮作下农田土壤剖面重金属分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
引黄灌区是我国重要的农业生产基地,其土壤重金属赋存状况直接关系到农业的可持续发展。本研究以黑岗口引黄灌区开封北郊稻麦轮作下农田土壤为研究对象,采集了耕作层(0~15 cm与15~30 cm)与剖面(0~100 cm)土壤样品,对其土壤剖面主要性质与重金属Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn的积累特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)长期引黄灌溉及稻麦轮作下,开封北郊农业土壤主要性质在剖面上表现出明显的分异特征:总有机碳(TOC)与全氮(TN)含量主要分布在耕作层土壤,而30 cm以下的土层其含量明显降低;全磷(TP)含量在各土壤层中无明显差异;在部分土壤剖面中CaCO3呈现出明显的淀积层。(2)耕作层(0~30 cm)土壤中重金属Pb、Cu、Zn的含量与研究区背景值相当,而Cd含量显著高于背景值。除少部分剖面含量超标外,Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn的平均含量均未超出WHO限值,且远低于我国农业土壤环境质量标准。因子分析源解析表明:引黄灌区土壤中Pb、Cu和Zn具有相似的来源和迁移特性,而Cd的来源和迁移特性具有特殊性,它可能与当地的化肥施用等农业活动有关。(3)土壤剖面中Cu和Zn具有明显的表聚现象,Pb的表聚作用不明显,而Cd在剖面各层土壤含量具有较大变异性,这与重金属的自身属性、土壤剖面性质和当地的耕作条件有较大相关性。(4)Cu和Zn在土壤剖面主要以有机结合态和残余态形式存在;Pb的残余态、有机态以及铁锰氧化态含量也较高,且Pb的全量与有机结合态含量百分比变化呈现出一定的相似性;而Cd具有较高的碳酸盐结合态和离子交换态,表明Cd在土壤中具有较强的移动性,预示Cd的潜在健康风险较高。 相似文献
15.
Donisa Carmen Mocanu Raluca Steinnes Eiliv Vasu Alexandra 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2000,120(3-4):347-358
The present paper is a study of the heavy metal contamination ofnatural soils due to atmospheric transport in the northern partof Eastern Carpathians. The study area is located north of BaiaMare, the main Romanian centre for processing complex sulphideores. Ten undisturbed soil profiles of andosols and andic soilswere investigated. The distribution of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn,Mn, Ni, Co, Cr and Cd) was studied along the soil profile and atspecific distances from the pollution sources. In addition tothe total nitric acid soluble fraction of the metals, amounts oflead, copper, zinc and manganese extractable with 0.05 Mhydrochloric acid were determined to evaluate the fraction ofeach metal potentially available to plants. Surface soils in theIgnis Mountains (10 km from Baia Mare) were more polluted withlead (200–800 ppm), with the concentration decreasing withdistance from the processing plants. Lower lead concentrationswere observed in the deeper soil horizons. The fraction of leadextractable in 0.05 M hydrochloric acid was generally higher athigh total concentrations of lead. From its geographical andsoil profile distributions it is also evident that cadmium wasalso supplied in appreciable amounts to the topsoil from thesame polution sources, whereas the trend was weaker for zincand chromium and not evident for copper, manganese, nickel, orcobalt. The fraction extractable with 0.05 M hydrochloric acidgenerally followed the order Pb > Cu > Zn > Mn. 相似文献
16.
用分散、筛分和悬浮相结合的物理方法，研究了砂质土壤中养分和重金属在不同粒径有机、无机颗粒中的分布。研究表明，砂质土壤中Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn和Mn在颗粒状有机质（POM）有明显的富集，富集程度以Cu和Zn最为明显。粒径较小（0．05～1mm）的POM组分中重金属的平均富集高于粒径较大（〉1mm）的POM组分。POM中重金属的富集因土壤重金属污染水平和重金属类型而异，并与土壤重金属的积累呈正相关。分析数据表明，土壤POM中重金属的积累不完全是植物分解残留的结果，土壤POM对重金属有强吸持能力可能是POM中重金属富集的主要原因之一。 相似文献
17.
S. B. Sosorova A. B. Gyninova M. G. Merkusheva L. L. Ubugunov L. N. Boloneva 《Eurasian Soil Science》2012,45(4):376-385
The content of microelements (Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Cr, Pb, and Cd) and Fe is determined in the soils and plants of the Lake
Kotokel’ basin. Their content in the soils is proved not to exceed the regional background and the existing MPC and APC. The
content of Cd is revealed to exceed its clarke value for the world soils, which is related to the natural origin of this element.
The concentrations of Mn, Co, and Pb are close to their clarke values, and those of Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr are lower than their
clarkes. The studied soils are specified by the maximal amount of the mobile forms of microelements. The profile distribution
of the microelements differs depending on the genetic soil type. For Mn, Zn, and Cu, a significant biogenic accumulation is
pronounced in the organic soil horizons. The content of microelements in the aboveground phytomass exceeds the maximal permissible
levels for Mn, Co, Cr, and Fe. The intensity of the microelements absorption by the plants varies widely, being specified
by the high coefficient of the biological adsorption (except for Fe). Mn, Zn, and Cu are accumulated in the plant phytomass
the most intensely. 相似文献
18.
Along with Fe and Al, many heavy metals (Mn, Cr, Zn, Cu, and Ni) show a markedly pronounced eluvial-illuvial redistribution
in the profiles of soils of the podzolic group. The intensity of the redistribution of the bulk forms of these metals is comparable
with that of Fe and exceeds that of Al. Although the podzolic soils are depleted of rare-earth metals, the latter respond
readily to soil podzolization. The inactive participation of Al is explained by an insignificant portion of the active reaction-capable
fraction. Podzolization does not influence the profile distribution of Sr and Ba. The leaching degree of heavy metals such
as Mn, Cr, Zn, Ni, and Zr is noticeably higher in the sandy podzols than in the loamy podzolic soils. Leaching of heavy metals
from the podzolic horizons is of geochemical importance, whereas the depletion of metals participating in plant nutrition
and biota development is of ecological importance. The leaching of heavy metals is related to the destruction of clay particles
in the heavy-textured podzolic soils; the effect of the soil acidity on the leaching of heavy metals is less significant. 相似文献
19.
宝鸡市某工业园区灰尘重金属含量、形态及生态风险分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)和原子荧光分光光度法(AFS)分析了宝鸡市某工业园区灰尘中重金属的含量。结果表明,宝鸡市某工业园区灰尘中As,Co,Cr,Cu,Hg,Mn,Ni,Pb和Zn的平均含量分别为23.3,16.4,1 591.8,178.2,0.243,346.5,40.2,1 586.2和1 918.8mg/kg,其中,Cr,Cu,Hg,Pb和Zn累积比较明显;铅锌冶炼厂周边灰尘中As,Cu,Hg,Pb和Zn的含量高于电厂。采用修正BCR法(欧洲共同体标准物质局)和原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)研究了灰尘中重金属的形态特征。结果表明,灰尘中Cu主要以残渣态和可氧化态的形式存在,Pb主要以可还原态的形式存在,Zn主要以乙酸可提取态的形式存在,Mn和Co主要以乙酸可提取态和残渣态存在,Ni和Cr主要以残渣态存在。灰尘中Pb,Zn,Co,Mn和Cu有55%~85%可以发生移动,易被生物利用,危害较大。潜在生态风险评价表明,灰尘中重金属的污染及潜在生态风险达到严重水平,铅锌冶炼厂周边灰尘中重金属的污染和潜在生态风险高于电厂。 相似文献
20.
为了研究和分析北京市朝阳区（五环内）土壤重金属的分布特征及影响因素,通过居住绿地、公园绿地、街旁绿地以及附属绿地（包括公共设施用地、对外交通用地和市政设施用地）4种土壤利用类型分别进行了土壤重金属铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）以及土壤pH值、有机质的测定。结果表明:表层土壤中的重金属平均含量,除Pb外,均高于中国土壤背景值,尤其是重金属Cd,已达到0.26 mg/kg,超过了国家土壤环境质量1级标准;从土壤利用类型上来看,Cu在附属绿地土壤含量最高,达到33.576 mg/kg,Zn在居住绿地土壤含量最高,达到80.636 mg/kg,Cd在街旁绿地土壤含量最高,达到0.296 mg/kg,Pb在公园绿地土壤含量最高,达到24.706 mg/kg;在空间分布上,重金属Cu和Zn空间分布格局相类似,整体呈由西北向东南递减趋势,而Cd高值区在中部,整体北部高于南部,重金属Pb整体上呈由西南向东北递减趋势;通过相关性分析可知,土壤pH值对土壤重金属含量没有明显的影响,而土壤有机质与重金属Zn,Cd和Pb的含量有明显的相关性;4种重金属呈显著正相关（p<0.01）。 相似文献