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1.
Hidenori Hashimoto Togoro Harada Toshinobu Yumoto 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):110-116
In the preceding paper (1) the authors reported the humus status in the organo-mineral colloidal complexes of the degraded paddy soils, which is characterized by the leaching of active iron, manganese and the other elements such as silica, magnesium and phosphoric acid from the furrow slice (2). And it was concluded that the organo-mineral colloidal complexes (Gl colloidal complexes) of the degraded paddy soil is characterized by the marked accumulation of humus, especially the readily soluble humus as compared with those of the normal. 相似文献
2.
The kinetic characteristics of P adsorption and desorption by organo-mineral colloidal complexes (OMC) were studied using acid, calcareous and neutral purple paddy soils taken from Chongqing and Sichuan, China. The results showed that the P adsorption capacity of the organo-mineral colloidal complexes differed with the soil tyes, being higher for the acid and calcareous purple soils than for the neutral purple soils. Partial removal of the organic matter increased the adsorption capacity of the colloidal complexes. A very significant positive correlation was found between the amounts of P desorbed from OMC and the P saturation degrees. The P adsorption reaction was quick at the early stage and slowed later. The raise of temperature increased P adsorption capacity and P adsorption rate of the colloidal complexes. The adsorption processes could be described by the Elovich equation. 相似文献
3.
XUJIAN－MING HOUHUI－ZHEN 《土壤圈》1992,2(1):23-30
The objective of the present study is to reveal the composition and characteristics of organo-mineral complexes in red soils (red soil,lateritic red soil and latosol) of south China in terms of chemical dissolution and fractional peptization methos.In the combined humus,most of the extractable humus could dissolve in 0.1 M NaOH extractant and belonged to active humus (H1),and there was only a small amount of humus which could be further dissolved in 0.1 M Na4P2O7 extractant at pH 13 and was stably combined humus (H2).The H1/H2 ratio ranged from 3.3 to 33.8 in red soils,and the proportions of both H1 and total extractable organic carbon (H1 H2) in total soil organic carbon and the ratios of H1 to H2 and H1 to (H1 H2) were all higher in lateritic red soil and latosol than in red soil.The differences of combined humus composition in various red soils were directly related to the content of Fe and Al oxides.In organo-mineral complexes,the ratio of Na-dispersed fraction (G1) to Na-ground-dispersed fraction (G2) was generally smaller than 1 for red soils,but there was a higher G1/G2 ratio in red soil than in lateritic red soil and latosol.G1 fraction had a higher content of fulvic acid (FA),but G2 fraction had a higher content of humic acid (HA).The ratios of H1 to H2 and HA to FA were higher in G2 than in G1.The differences in the composition and activity of humus between G1 and G2 fractions were related to the content of free Fe and Al oxides.The quantities of complex Fe and Al,the Fe/C and Al/C atomic ratios were higher in G2 than in G1,and the ratio of Al/C was much higher than that of Fe/C.It may be deduced that aluminum plays a more important role than iron in the formation process of organo-mineral complexes in red soils. 相似文献
4.
江苏南部几种水稻土的有机-矿貭复合体性貭的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近几年来的研究表明,丰产水稻土不但具有供給水稻生长的良好的土壤环境,而且还具有便于調节肥力因素的土壤特性[2,3]。同时,在羣众經驗总結中,也发现我国农民对土壤的評价不仅有“肥瘦”之分,而且还有“好坏”之別。而判別“好坏”的标准看来也就是土壤是否易于調节其肥力因素以滿足不同作物或同一作物在不同生育时期生活的需要。 相似文献
5.
Flocculation and dispersion of colloidal particles of nine inorganic paddy soils were studied mainly based on turbidity measurements of the suspensions of soils which were previously incubated at 28°C under in vitro waterlogged conditions. After 1-week of incubation, the turbidity of the soils except for 1) two soils containing larger amounts of sodium salts and 2) one soil containing larger amounts of Fe and Al oxides, significantly decreased, and colloidal particles flocculated with 1) a decrease in soil Eh and 2) an increase in electric conductivity (EC). During the 3- to 4-week period of waterlogging, the turbidity of the three soils significantly increased with the 1) decrease in EC and 2) increase in pH of the soils although the Eh remained low. Infrared (IR) absorption analysis showed that the suspended colloidal particles consisted of layer silicates from respective soil clays. Oxidation of suspensions of waterlogged soils by air-bubbling led to an increase in turbidity with the 1) increase in Eh, and 2) decrease in pH, EC, and water-soluble Fe2+ concentration. It was suggested that the stability of the soil colloidal suspensions was affected by soil reduction with alterations in ionic species and their concentrations at clay surfaces and in soil solutions. 相似文献
6.
The pH stability of urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and phosphodiesterase in soils was investigated by first incubating a soil sample at the indicated pH (1–13) for 24 h and then measuring the activity at its optimal pH under standardized conditions. Generally, the decline in enzyme activity in a pH-profile near the optimum pH range was due to a reversible reaction that involved ionization or deionization of acidic or basic groups in the active centre of the enzyme-protein. Irreversible inactivation of the enzyme was particularly evident at the lower and higher ranges of acidic and alkaline conditions. Results showed that the pH stability of soil enzymes was highly dependent on the soils being assayed. The variation among soils may be attributed to the diversity of vegetation, micro-organisms and soil fauna as sources contributing to the enzyme activity and to the protective sites which allowed entrapment of the enzyme within colloidal humus and organo-mineral complexes. Adherence of the enzyme-protein to the humic-clay fractions would allow some resistance to pH denaturation. 相似文献
7.
土肥相融是培育肥沃土壤的重要途径[1,2]。第一报[3]的研究结果,认为土肥相融的实质是土壤中有机矿质胶体的相互作用,有机矿质复合体促进良好结构的形成。 相似文献
8.
G. N. Fedotov E. I. Pakhomov A. I. Pozdnyakov A. I. Kuklin A. Kh. Islamov V. I. Putlyaev 《Eurasian Soil Science》2007,40(9):956-961
Changes in the fractal dimension and scattering intensity of colloidal structures in a chernozem, soddy-podzolic soil, and a krasnozem were studied by small-angle neutron scattering at different temperatures and soil water contents. The character of the neutron scattering by soil colloids indicated that the latter were mass fractals in all of the soils studied; i.e., the colloidal particles were located apart from one another even in dry soils. The obtained results confirmed the supposition about the distribution of colloidal particles in the humus gel matrix. The changes in the fractal parameters of the soddy-podzolic soil and chernozem with increasing water contents were nonmonotonic in character, which indicated complex structural rearrangements of the colloidal component in these soils. From the results obtained, a conclusion was drawn that the destruction of the molecular network of reinforced humus gel occurred upon heating the soils to high temperatures: colloidal particles reinforcing the humus gel began to move and coagulate with the formation of dense aggregates. The electron-microscopic study of gel films released from the predried and then capillary wetted aggregates in water showed that the gel films were nonhomogeneous and included zones of humus gel reinforced by colloidal particles and zones almost free from these particles. 相似文献
9.
Arguments are presented for changing the approach to soil studies in order to consider the behavior of soils in terms of a colloid-chemical model rather than in terms of a physical model. Experimental studies of changes in the stickiness of an air-dry chernozem depending on the time elapsed since adding water, of the catalase activity of soils depending on the time elapsed since adding water and salt solutions, of the thermal diffusivity of soils depending on the time elapsed since adding water, and of the soil temperature showed that the soil solution is a structured colloidal system. Electron microscopic studies of soil solutions confirmed that colloidal particles of soil solutions interact with one another due to long-range aggregation to form periodic colloidal structures enclosing soil moisture. It was concluded that the colloidal structuring of the soil solution makes it similar to physiological fluids and makes the soils similar to biological systems; therefore, the consideration of soils in terms of a colloid-chemical model expands our knowledge of these systems and can be useful for soil scientists. 相似文献
10.
The fractional composition of aluminum compounds was studied in soil solutions obtained using vacuum lysimeters from loamy
podzolic soils on two-layered deposits. The concentration of aluminum was estimated in brooks and a river draining the area
with a predominance of these soils. In soil solutions, the concentration of aluminum was experimentally determined in the
following compounds: (1) organic and inorganic monomers, (2) stable complexes with HAs and FAs together with polymers, and
(3) the most stable complexes with HAs and FAs together with fine-crystalline and colloidal compounds. The total Al concentration
in soil solutions from forest litter was 0.111–0.175 mmol/l and decreased with depth to 0.05 mmol/l and lower in solutions
from the IIBD horizons. More than 90% of the Al in the solutions was bound into complexes with organic ligands. Some amount
of Al in solution could occur in aluminosilicate sols. The translocation of Al complexes from the litter through the AE horizon
to the podzolic horizon was accompanied by an increase in the ratio between the Al concentration in fraction 2 and the C concentration
in the solution. The concentrations of Altot in the surface waters varied in the range from 0.015 to 0.030 mmol/l. Most of the Al came to the surface waters from the
litter and AE horizons and partially from the podzolic horizon due to the lateral runoff along the waterproof IIBD horizon.
Approximate calculations showed that the recent annual removal of Al from the AE and E horizons with the lateral runoff was
7 to 560 mg (3–21 mmol) from 1 m2. 相似文献
11.
《CATENA》2005,60(2):113-128
Salt-affected soils differ in their chemical properties to all other soils. Sodicity and salinity may affect the soil organic matter component of these soils. In a field experiment, we investigated organic matter decomposition in nonsaline nonsodic Aquic Argiudoll, a nonsaline sodic Typic Natraquoll, nonsaline nonsodic Petrocalcic Paleudoll and a saline sodic Typic Natralboll in the Pampa Deprimida, Argentina. The objectives were to identify the degree of stabilization of organic matter by association with mineral particles in these soils and to follow in particular the fate of lignin in these soils. We measured organic carbon, total nitrogen and the extent of lignin alteration with soil depth and in various particle size fractions. The salt-affected soils contained much less organic carbon and nitrogen in their mollic epipedons than the nonsaline nonsodic soils, and bioturbation into deeper layers was restrained. In the salt-affected soils most of the organic matter was in sand-sized particles. Retarded degradation of plant residues was indicated by the pattern of lignin-derived phenols, suggesting less alteration of lignin in the salt-affected soils than in the nonsaline nonsodic soils. We suggest that this results from the effects of high pH, high sodicity, and high salinity on the microorganisms and their enzymatic activities. The high pH and high concentrations of monovalent cations decreased formation of solid organo-mineral complexes. We conclude that in the salt-affected soils oxidatively altered organic compounds are susceptible to losses in dissolved or colloidal forms, because these compounds are not stabilized against leaching and mineralization by chemical bonding to soil minerals. 相似文献
12.
土壤有机矿质复合体研究Ⅳ.有机矿质复合体中有机磷的分布 总被引：17，自引：4，他引：17
本文研究湖沼母质发育的青紫泥水稻土和第四纪红土母质上发育的黄筋泥水稻土的有机矿质复合体中有机磷的分布。结果表明:各组复合体中有机磷的含量(μg/g)是G2>G1>G0C/P0和N/P0比例是G2高于G0和G1,说明有机磷在复合体G2中的富集低于有机碳和氮。复合体中可溶性有机磷化合物总量较全土高。可溶性有机磷化合物中,肌醇磷占有机磷12.1-32.3%,核酸磷占1.9-5.8%,磷酸磷占0.7-3.1%。复合体中肌醇磷、核酸磷和磷脂磷的含量(μg/g)G2明显高于G0和G1。复合体中有机磷的活性分级为:活性磷占10%左右,中等活性磷占50%左右,中等稳定性磷和高度稳定性磷各占20%左右。G0组的活性磷比例较全土高,但G1和G2组中则明显降低。不同土壤有机矿质复合体中活性磷和中等活性磷的分布,与有机磷化合物中的核酸磷和肌醇磷的含量有关。 相似文献
13.
Regarding paddy soil colloids as the so-called “organo-mineral colloidal complexes” of A. F. Tyulin, the authors separated the colloidal fractions after his method, and reported the characrzstics of each fraction, and content of humus and some characteristics thereof in the previous paper1). 相似文献
14.
Zinaida Artemyeva Anna Zigova Natalia Kirillova Martin Šťastný Ondřej Holubík Vilém Podrázský 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(13):1838-1851
Dynamic light scattering and phase analysis light scattering have been used to study organo-clay complexes and aggregate stability of Haplic Stagnosols depending on land use. The study of agricultural soils afforested for 45 years showed that the value of the effective diameter of organo-clay complexes slightly decreased compared to that in arable soil but remains still higher than that in the forest soil. Multiple linear regression statistical models were developed to predict the effective diameter of the particles. The best model (r = 0.95), where all parameters were significant (P < 0.05), included the clay content, clay carbon concentration, total iron (Fet) and soil color coordinates (L*, a*, b*). In the upper horizons, the effective diameter depends on the organic matter content, whereas iron oxides with surfaced position play the main role in the underlying horizons. Intensive tillage moves the colloidal system to coagulation and after withdrawal of arable Haplic Stagnosol from the agricultural production, the colloidal system tends to restore its peptization stability. However, it should be noted that the afforestation period (45 years) of arable Haplic Stagnosols is not enough for a full recovery of organo-clay complexes peptization stability. 相似文献
15.
Yutaka Watanabe 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):33-36
The many important physical and chemical reactions which occur in soils are ascribed to the clay fraction of soils. Therefore, soil physics and soil chemistry are truly based on the colloidal phenomena of soil clays. 相似文献
16.
G. N. Fedotov G. V. Dobrovol’skii V. I. Putlyaev E. I. Pakhomov A. I. Kuklin A. Kh. Islamov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2007,40(7):740-746
An electron-microscopic study was conducted of gel films collected from aggregates from humus-accumulative horizons of chernozem and soddy-podzolic soils. The aggregates were dried and then capillary-wetted and immersed in water, Solutions obtained by pressing from these soils were also studied. Based on the results obtained, a hypothetical mechanism was proposed for the development of fractal organization of soil colloids, which involves the fixation of micron-size mineral particles in the humus gel and their transformation under the effect of aggressive substances with the formation of colloidal particles of reaction products diffusing in the humus gel. Humus macromolecules contain many polar groups; therefore, the colloidal particles pass some distance and are then fixed on these groups. The greater the distance from a coarse particle in the center of a cluster the smaller the number of colloidal particles capable of traversing it. Therefore, the concentration of colloidal particles decreases when going from the cluster center to its periphery according to an exponential law, which results in the development of the fractal organization in the colloidal soil component. Results of soil studies using the small-angle neutron scattering method were analyzed in terms of the hypothesis proposed. 相似文献
17.
土壤中磷酸固定作用每受外界环境之影响而有很大差异,如粘土矿物的种类,土壤反应,代换性盐基等,黏土矿物与土壤反应对于磷酸固定前,人已有较详细之报告,本文特重视代换性盐基之种类对于磷酸固定之关系。 相似文献
18.
The writers already made it clear that by active alumina the humic acids of A- and B-types contained in various soils could be separated into 3 or 4 components (1). And moreover, absorption spectra (2), nitrogen constituents (3) and colloidal nature (4) of them were studied for the purpose of examining their qualities. 相似文献
19.
J.C. Dur M. Andrades S. Houot D. Tessier E. Barriuso 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(4):276-283
The objective of this work was to characterize colloids extracted from composts and their potential retention in soils. Compost made of sludge and green wastes was sampled (i) during the fermentation phase and (ii) after maturation. The same kind of compost was used in a long-term field experiment at Feucherolles (France), near Paris where amended and nonamended soils were sampled. The colloidal fraction was extracted from composts in water at room temperature (20°C) and compared to the colloidal fraction extracted from the soil. Composts were also extracted by pressurized hot liquid water at 50, 125 and 175°C. The total organic carbon of the extracts was measured and the particle size distribution (PSD) of colloidal extracts was analyzed by laser granulometry. The diameters of the colloids extracted from the soil ranged between 0.040 and 0.300 μm, independently of the temperature. For composts, it varied from 0.040 to 3.200 μm when extraction was done at 20°C, while at higher temperatures, much more organic matter was extracted, and colloid diameters ranged from 0.040 μm to 0.200 μm. The water-soluble C decreased and the size of colloids recovered in water at temperatures below 50°C increased when compost maturity increased. The adsorption on soils of colloidal particles extracted from composts was characterized. The largest adsorption (up to 30% of the initial soluble C) occurred with the extracts recovered at high temperature, in relation to the more hydrophobic properties of the colloids extracted with hot water maintained in subcritical conditions. After adsorption, the particle size distribution in the colloidal fraction extracted at 20°C moved towards finer fractions; by contrast, the colloidal fraction extracted at 175°C moved towards coarser fractions. The coarsest colloids coming from the soil disappeared during the adsorption experiment, probably because of the coprecipitation with the finest colloids coming from compost. 相似文献
20.
T. Higashi 《Geoderma》1983,31(4):277-288
The Al/Fe—humus complexes in A1 horizons of Dystrandepts from several parts of Japan were compared with synthetic complexes prepared from hydroxy ions and from two kinds of humic substances and at several pH values. Samples represented 26 A1 horizons of soils differing in age, including some that had been buried. The comparisons were based chiefly on extractions of the synthetic complexes and the soil samples with solutions of sodium hydroxide-tetraborate and sodium pyrophosphate.The Al—humus complexes in the Dystrandept samples appeared to be similar to those of synthetic complexes prepared at pH 4–5. Those have OH/Al molar ratios of 0.7–2.5 1. Distribution of the data for the soil samples suggested further that the proportions of polymeric hydroxy Al ions increased as soils became older and also if they were buried. The Fe—humus complexes in the soil samples seemed to be like the synthetic complexes prepared with Fe and humus at pH 4–5 for the most part. 相似文献