共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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通过实验室培养观察,发现Ulva linza的生活史包括单性生殖、无性生殖和有性生殖三种方式.单株培养时,发现有些配子体通过放散两鞭毛的配子完成单性生殖;有些孢子体通过放散两鞭毛或四鞭毛的中性游孢子进行无性生殖.同时,有性生殖则由配子体和孢子体相互交替完成;多株培养时,雌雄异体的配子体成熟后,分别放散两鞭毛的雌雄配子,雌雄配子接合成合子,合子进一步发育成孢子体,孢子体成熟后放散四鞭毛的游孢子,游孢子运动一段时间后固着,随后发育成配子体.Ulva linza的生活史是单倍的配子体与二倍的孢子体相互交替的同形世代交替.在Ulva linza的生活史中,无性生殖和单性生殖占有优势.因为不论是在无性生殖过程中的游孢子还是单性生殖过程中的配子,一经附着即可生长,无须经过有性生殖雌雄配子的接合过程,这就缩短了繁殖周期,加之配子囊和孢子囊放散配子和孢子的数量很大,在海况条件适宜的情况下,使Ulva linza大量繁殖,从而可能成为"绿潮"的成因之一. 相似文献
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长石莼（缘管浒苔）生活史的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
摘要: 通过实验室培养观察,发现缘管浒苔的生活史包括单性生殖、无性生殖和有性生殖三种方式。单株培养时,发现有些配子体通过放散两鞭毛的配子完成单性生殖;有些孢子体通过放散两鞭毛或四鞭毛的中性游孢子进行无性生殖。同时,有性生殖则由配子体和孢子体相互交替完成;多株培养时,雌雄异体的配子体成熟后,分别放散两鞭毛的雌雄配子,雌雄配子接合成合子,合子进一步发育成孢子体,孢子体成熟后放散四鞭毛的游孢子,游孢子运动一段时间后固着,随后发育成配子体。缘管浒苔的生活史是单倍的配子体与二倍的孢子体相互交替的同形世代交替。在缘管浒苔的生活史中,无性生殖和单性生殖占有优势。因为不论是在无性生殖过程中的游孢子还是单性生殖过程中的配子,一经附着即可生长,无须经过有性生殖雌雄配子的接合过程,这就缩短了繁殖周期,加之配子囊和孢子囊放散配子和孢子的数量很大,在海况条件适宜的情况下,使缘管浒苔大量繁殖,从而可能成为“绿潮”的成因之一。 相似文献
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本文研究了羊栖菜的有性生殖和营养繁殖。前者包括生殖托的发生、精卵的排放及合子的发育与环境因子的关系。后者主要为定株观察假根再生芽的发生。本研究为羊栖菜的人工育苗和资源保护提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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羊栖菜养殖技术 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
羊栖菜(sargassum,fusiforme Harv setch)为北太平洋西部特有种类,分布于朝鲜、日本和我国沿岸。有较高的药疗和经济价值。 一、羊栖菜的生物学特征 羊栖菜隶属褐藻门,圆子纲,墨角藻目,马尾藻科,马尾藻属。藻体呈黄褐色,株高一般为30—50cm,高的可达200cm左右。采用生殖细胞人工育苗经养殖后高的可达330cm。藻体分为假根、茎、叶片和气囊4部份。藻体外形由于南北地理环境的不同,出现较大的差异,北方种群株技密集,叶、气囊扁宽多锯齿,南方株枝稀长,叶、气囊线形或棒状。 羊栖菜的生长方式是由顶端细胞进行立体型分裂。随着藻体生长,叶片由下向上逐渐脱落。 羊栖菜的生活史中只有孢子体阶段,而无明显的 相似文献
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通过室内培养, 观察了铜藻受精卵的发生与幼孢子体发育, 研究了幼孢子体的适宜培养条件, 为全人工育苗奠定理论基础。结果表明, 铜藻雌性生殖托的基部和中部首先集中排卵, 卵子粘附于生殖托表面完成受精和早期发生。刚释放的卵子具有8个核, 受精后, 8个核迅速融合成1个大核, 开始细胞分裂。前二次的细胞分裂均为横裂, 在萌发体的一端产生一个很小的“假根原细胞”, 后者最终发育成假根, 萌发体的其它细胞发育成苗体。受精后约48 h, 受精卵发育成具有假根芽的幼孢子体, 开始脱落附着; 培养15 d, 发育成具有2个叶片、体长超过3 mm的幼孢子体。在幼苗的早期培育阶段, 较高的温度和长光照时有利于幼苗的生长和叶片增加, 适宜培养条件为温度21~24 ℃, 光密度40 μmol photons/(m2?s), 光周期14 L∶10 D。 相似文献
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紫菜（Porphyra sp．）是目前世界上人工养殖海藻中经济价值较高的种类。紫菜通过不同的生殖方式来完成生活史，从而达到繁衍后代的目的。紫菜的生殖主要有无性生殖和有性生殖，单性生殖是一种特殊的有性生殖。紫菜生殖方式的多样性决定了生活史的多样性，这是进化过程中对不同环境做出的不同反应。紫菜的生殖和生活史受基因控制属遗传基础研究，它对紫菜的育种应用起着重要的指导作用。本文对紫菜生殖和生活史的研究状况以及研究中存在的问题进行评述，旨为紫菜的育种的研究和应用提供理论参考。 相似文献
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以成熟的鼠尾藻生殖托为材料,研究了不同温度(13～23℃)、光照度(3000～12000lx)和光照周期(15L∶9D,12L∶12D,9L∶16D)对鼠尾藻排卵及幼孢子体生长的影响。结果显示,温度在20～23℃范围,有利于鼠尾藻卵子的排放;在3000～12000lx范围内,光照度越高,越有利于鼠尾藻卵子的排放;光周期不是影响卵子排放的主要因素,光照度是鼠尾藻幼孢子体生长的重要因子;温度是制约鼠尾藻幼孢子体生长的关键因子,水温低于16℃时不利于幼孢子体的快速生长。 相似文献
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无性繁殖是水母螅状体有效补充种群数量及扩展栖息地的重要方式,为正确掌握海月水母的无性繁殖方式进而深入了解其生活史,在显微镜下常年观察并详细描述了海月水母螅状体进行匍匐茎生殖、芽体生殖、足囊生殖、繁殖体生殖、纵向分裂生殖和破裂生殖等复杂无性繁殖方式的过程,发现繁殖体生殖可产生浮游态繁殖体芽,在水中漂浮并生长发育成螅状体,新发现一种破裂生殖方式,仅发生在螅状体极度饱食的状态下。对6种无性繁殖方式的行为特征和功能作用进行了对比分析,认为匍匐茎生殖和破裂生殖有利于螅状体种群快速增加个体数量,芽体生殖和纵向分裂生殖有利于子代幼体生长,足囊生殖有利于种群抵御不良的环境条件,繁殖体生殖有利于种群随水流进行长距离迁移,以扩展或转移栖息地。研究表明,不同的繁殖方式是海月水母应对不同环境条件的适应性繁殖对策。 相似文献
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Shao Jun Pang Ti Feng Shan Zhi Huai Zhang Jian Zhang Sun 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(13):1408-1415
Mariculture of the brown alga Hizikia fusiformis (Harvey) Okamura as an export‐oriented human food has been there more for than 20 years in China. It is now one of the five major farmed algal species along the Chinese coast. Stable and sufficient supply of young seedlings for scaling up the cultivation has been a problem throughout the farming history of this species due to the unique dioecious life cycle and relatively short time window of sexual reproduction in nature. These two factors led to a practical difficulty in obtaining zygotes at identical developmental stage in viable amounts for seedling production. A key solution to this problem is to control the synchronization of the receptacle development and to realize the simultaneous discharge of male and female gametes, such that the fertilization rate could be greatly enhanced. Focusing on one of the farmed populations in this report, we present our results on mass production of seedlings using the synchronization technique on a large scale performed in 2007. Totally 5.5 hundred million embryos were obtained from 100 kg female sporophytes. The seedlings were raised up to 3.5 mm in length in greenhouse tanks over a month and were further grown in open sea for over 3 months at two experimental sites. The success of mass production of seedlings in this alga helped to lay the basis for future trials in other species in the genus of Sargassum that have identical life cycle. 相似文献
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A bioenergetics model of the entire life cycle of the three‐spined stickleback,gasterosteus aculeatus 
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下载免费PDF全文 Charlène Leloutre Alexandre R. R. Péry Jean‐Marc Porcher Rémy Beaudouin 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(1):116-127
A whole life‐cycle bioenergetic model based on the dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory was proposed for the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). To develop this model, experiments on growth and reproduction were performed: adult and juvenile growth, size at first reproduction and amount of eggs spawned by females were monitored under different feeding levels and temperatures. The DEB parameters were estimated, using Bayesian statistics, based on the data produced during these experiments and on other data found in the literature. The model fitted accurately the different data used for the calibration process and, in addition, predicted accurately the data sets used to assess its predictability. Our bioenergetic model of the whole life cycle of the three‐spined stickleback accounting for environmental variations could contribute in many ways to improved ecological assessment: supporting change of scale from individual to populations; developing new biomarkers of exposure and effect; analysing ecotoxicity tests with biology‐based models. 相似文献
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Saranya Peerakietkhajorn Pattamanat Damnui Santad Wichienchot Vachira Lheknim 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(1):51-57
The freshwater crustacean Daphnia is widely used as live food for ornamental fish. To increase production, food supplementations are required when culturing Daphnia. Here, we aimed to clarify the effects of plant oligosaccharides derived from dragon fruit (DFO) on growth rate, egg production, number of first clutch juveniles and survival of Daphnia supplemented with five different concentrations of DFO, that is 0, 1, 3, 9, 27 mg/L. The results showed the growth and reproduction of Daphnia were enhanced when supplemented with DFO. Growth rate of Daphnia supplemented with 9 mg/L DFO was the highest among all treatments. The time that Daphnia produced the first clutch eggs was shorter in high concentration of DFO (3, 9, 27 mg/L). The number of juveniles in the first clutch increased in treatments of higher concentration of DFO (3, 9, 27 mg/L). These results suggest that plant oligosaccharides derived from dragon fruit increase growth and fecundity of Daphnia. Survival rates of Daphnia were 100% except for the treatment supplemented with 27 mg/L of DFO in which the survival rate was reduced to 87%. To our knowledge, this is the first functional evidence demonstrating that oligosaccharides derived from dragon fruit enhance growth and fecundity of Daphnia. 相似文献
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海草是一类生活在热带至温带浅海、完全适应海洋环境的沉水被子植物的总称。海草床作为连接珊瑚礁与红树林的纽带，具有重要的生态功能与经济价值。近年来，随着人们对海草认识的不断加深，海草的有性繁殖行为逐渐受到关注，而成花诱导是海草从营养生长向生殖生长过渡的重要环节。本文综述了海草有性繁殖中成花诱因的研究进展，探讨了温度、光照、盐度等相关因子对海草成花诱导的影响，分析了海草响应外界环境刺激与内源信号启动开花途径可能集中在光周期途径、春化途径和自发途径上。建议未来海草床保护修复工作应加强对海草有性生殖行为的研究，明确不同海域海草的集中开花和结果时间，对海草床生态系统的修复与保护具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Importance of fatty acids in broodstock diets with emphasis on Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) eggs
The importance of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially the eicosanoid precursors, is addressed in this paper.
It has been generally recognized that eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) are of significant
importance in fish reproduction while arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) has often been overlooked. The ratio between C20 fatty
acids EPA and AA might be important for many physiological functions depending on the species evolution and its requirements.
Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) has a much more pronounced freshwater history and therefore different fatty acid requirements than the other commonly farmed
salmonids such as salmon (Salmo salar), brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Therefore there is reason to formulate a feed that is more suitable for farming of this freshwater species. In this study,
freshwater wild-origin char eggs were compared to farmed eggs of char. The ratio n-3/n-6 of total phospholipids of eggs was
much lower in the wild fish, 3.5 versus 13.5, and the hatching rate of eggs from natural environment was much higher (20–70%
vs. >80%). We conclude that feed based on marine raw product does not fulfill the requirements for essential fatty acids for
freshwater char and we suggest that AA is supplemented to the broodstock diet and that at least linoleic acid (18:2n-6) is
included in the on-growth diet formulas to lower the n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio. 相似文献
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Abstract – In this study, we explored patterns of size and abundance of Astyanax janeiroensis in Rio Ubatiba (Rio de Janeiro, south‐east Brazil) in relation to reproduction. A. janeiroensis broadcast their eggs in the water column throughout the year. Samples at seven sites conducted every second month from July 1994 to August 1995 revealed a predominance of larger adult specimens upstream and immature juveniles downstream. We hypothesize that upstream movements of adult individuals is a response to drifting of eggs and larvae. 相似文献
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长江上游江津断面铜鱼鱼卵时空分布特征及影响因子分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解金沙江一期工程蓄水前后的长江上游铜鱼繁殖情况,2011—2014年每年5月5日—7月10日,在江津江段通过使用圆锥网捕捞鱼卵,定点进行早期资源调查。结果显示,在采集到的8 014粒鱼卵中铜鱼鱼卵数量最多,占总鱼卵数的14.76%。调查期间江津江段铜鱼卵苗年均年总径流量为22.45×107尾。2011年—2014年江津江段铜鱼鱼卵日均密度各年平均值分别为8.41、10.57、1.32和3.18个/1 000 m3,2013年和2014年铜鱼鱼卵日均密度显著低于2011年和2012年。对铜鱼鱼卵日均密度与水文环境因子进行相关性分析,发现鱼卵日均密度与透明度呈显著负相关,而2013年和2014年透明度显著高于2011年和2012年。根据鱼卵发育时期和流速推测江津白沙至羊石及榕山至兆雅两个江段为铜鱼的主要产卵区域,该区域铜鱼产卵量约占铜鱼产卵总量的56.96%。研究表明,金沙江一期工程蓄水对铜鱼产卵行为产生了影响,建议工程运行期间应根据长江上游铜鱼的产卵条件进行科学调度,并禁止在产卵江段进行捕捞。 相似文献
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Variation in morphology and PSII photosynthetic characteristics of Macrocystis pyrifera during development from gametophyte to juvenile sporophyte 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Dong Xu Naihao Ye Shaona Cao Yitao Wang Dongsheng Wang Xiao Fan Xiaowen Zhang Meiling An Shanli Mou Yuze Mao 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(7):1699-1706
Currently, there is increasing demand for brown kelp, especially Macrocystis spp., to support the development of the abalone industry and for use as raw material for the production of alginate. Thus, there is a need to supplement the naturally available kelp biomass with the development of mariculture techniques. In this study, we investigated whether it was possible to cultivate Macrocystis pyrifera sporophytes in the laboratory using gametophyte clones. We propagated gametophytes by periodic fragmentation and then mixed aseptically an equal number of male and female gametophytes to induce fertilization. Approximately 60 days after fertilization, numerous embryonic sporophytes emerged on the seed fibre. By using chlorophyll fluorescence technology, we investigated variation in the photosystem II (PSII) characteristics of M. pyrifera during development from the gametophyte to juvenile sporophyte stage. During this growth period, both the optimal (Fv/Fm) and effective (YII) PSII quantum yields increased significantly from the haploid gametophyte to diploid sporophyte stages. In addition, by comparing female gametophytes with male gametophytes, we found that female gametophytes were not only larger and more pigmented than the males, but also recorded higher values of Fv/Fm and YII. Our results supplemented information on the life cycle and PSII photosynthetic performance during the early development and confirmed the possibility of artificial seeding technology, both of which may contribute to mariculture of M. pyrifera in China in the near future. 相似文献