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1.
Survey was conducted in 9 Syrian provinces on clinically healthy Awassi sheep. Serum samples were collected from several districts (more than 47 localities--31 villages and 20 herds). Animals were 1-5 years old. 458 samples were collected in spring 1997 and 352 samples were collected from November 1998 through February 1999. The result indicated that seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii ranged between 0-100% in the herds and 13.8-74.5% between the provinces. And the mean of sero-prevalence was 44.56% in all provinces. The following prevalence were found in as indicated: Idleb 74.46%, Hama 72.16%, Deraa 63.35%, Al-Hssakeh 51.11%, Suweida 46.98%, Homs 40%, area of Damascus 23.48%, Aleppo 17.02% and Deir Ezzor 13.79%. The serological titer was 1:4 for 37.67% to 1:64 for 78.93% of the positive samples. Results showed that there are 29 (8%) of the positive samples with 1:1.000, and only 5 (1.38%) with 1:4.000. It is concluded that the Toxoplasma-infections may be one of the main causes of sheep abortions and as the source of human infection in Syria. Therefore, it is suggested that further epidemical studies are needed.  相似文献   

2.
237 cattle of a dairy herd in Syria were tested for anti-BLV antibody by the ELISA. 194 animals were additionally examined by the agar gel immunodiffusions test (AGID) on BLV antibodies and 100 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for BLV provirus. BLV specific antibodies were determined by means of AGID and ELISA at 62.9% and 69.2% of the examined animals, respectively. Using the PCR method the BLV provirus was detected in 89% of the investigated cattle. Only one ELISA seropositive animal was negative for BLV provirus. The results show the high BLV contamination of this herd and lead to the presumption of wide spread enzootic bovine leukosis in Syria. In the case of the diagnosis of BLV-infection, the PCR-technique compared to the serological tests proved to be much more sensitive. By the detection of BLV antibody, the ELISA showed a higher sensitivity than the AGID and in this way, is advisable as a method of choice for screening investigations. Restriction enzyme and sequence analysis of PCR-amplificates demonstrate that different BLV provirus variants (A, B and C) in the examined herd occur, where the variant C which a high similarity to an Australian BLV provirus isolates showed, occurred most frequently at 92.5%.  相似文献   

3.
The development of the dairy industry plays an important role in the economy of Middle Eastern countries. Judged by its growth rate, the dairy industry is viewed as one of the most progressive food industries in the Middle East. During the early 1970s, countries established executive programs to promote dairy farming; the major objective was to attain self-sufficiency in milk production. A massive investment was set up for importing top class cattle, complying with top industry operating standards, and a simultaneous introduction of the latest technology in processing, packaging, and distributing. Milk production has grown tremendously at rates of 6.6% and 4.9% in Syria and Saudi Arabia, respectively, between 2002 and 2007, which resulted in these nations being almost self-sufficient. Regarding Jordan, milk production has not yet met this target. An excessive growth in the dairy industry is quite noticeable in this region with an expanding capacity for exports. The aim of this study is to show the most recent trends and future prospects of the dairy industries in Syria, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan. It also attempts to investigate the drivers for the development of milk production, consumption, and trade in the region.  相似文献   

4.
A serological survey using indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for Theileria spp. infection of sheep has been carried out from 1994 to 1997 in the provinces Daraa, Hama, Homs and Latakia in Syria. The results revealed a mean seroprevalence of 59.9% without significant differences between years (p = 0.57) and provinces (p = 0.126).  相似文献   

5.

Two experiments were carried out in Syria with the purpose of investigating to which extent the effects of including 30 % olive cake (replacing parts of forage and concentrate) or tomato pomace (replacing concentrate) in the diet, described under controlled on-station conditions, can be recovered on farm. A total of 180 lactating Awassi ewes (three farms per experiment, 15 ewes per treatment) were fed either control diets or test feed diets over a period of 7 weeks. Milk yield was measured bi-weekly and milk composition was analysed for gross physicochemical composition and fatty acid (FA) profile. Both feeds reduced milk yield (?10 %) and milk protein content, whereas milk fat content was increased by tomato pomace. Both feeds resulted in similar changes in milk FA profile, namely less saturated and polyunsaturated FA and more monounsaturated FA including 18:1 trans FA. Tomato pomace and olive cake also resulted in increased n-6:n-3 FA ratios, while the proportion of the conjugated linoleic acids was not affected by either treatment. In conclusion, the response of the ewes on farm was clear and similar in nature for most of milk-related traits as that found on station, but lower in magnitude.

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6.
刘鹏  马利超  王宇  刘志鹏 《草业学报》2015,24(1):107-114
野豌豆属牧草适宜在高寒和高海拔地区栽培,是我国高原牧区重要的蛋白饲料来源。该属有190个物种,4个亚属:Vicia,Cracca,Ervum和Faba。本研究从中国、美国、土耳其和叙利亚等11个国家收集了16份野豌豆属牧草种质,利用扫描电镜对这16份材料的花粉形态进行观察。结果表明,野豌豆属植物花粉均以单粒形式存在,极面观为三裂圆形和三角形,赤道面观为扁圆形、长椭圆形和椭圆形。三沟萌发孔,沟长深入两端;极轴长为(9.60±1.52)(30.40±2.07) μm,赤道轴长为(11.80±0.84)(38.20±0.84) μm。花粉的表面纹饰呈3种类型:网状纹饰,脑状纹饰和疣状纹饰。网状纹饰根据外壁纹饰疏松程度不同,又可分为2种亚类型:粗网状纹饰和细网状纹饰。本研究较为系统地观察了16个野豌豆属牧草的花粉形态,探讨了其系统分类学特性,为揭示野豌豆属种质资源的遗传多样性奠定了基础。  相似文献   

7.
A total of 207 bovine blood samples were collected from clinically healthy cattle bred in central region of Syria and examined by Giemsa-stained blood smears, nested PCR, ELISA, and IFAT to determine the molecular and serological prevalence of Babesia bovis and B. bigemina. All samples were negative to Babesia spp. by microscopic examination of blood smears. On the other hand, the overall prevalence of B. bovis and B. bigemina was 9.18% and 15.46% by nPCR, 15.46% and 18.84% by ELISA, and 18.36% and 21.74% by IFAT, respectively. Mixed infections were detected in a total of 5 samples (2.4%) by nPCR, 16 (7.73%) by ELISA and 27 (13.04%) by IFAT. Statistically significant differences in the prevalence of the two infections were observed on the basis of age and location. These data provide valuable information regarding the occurrence and epidemiology of B. bovis and B. bigemina infections in Syrian cattle, which can be employed in developing rational strategies for disease control and management.  相似文献   

8.
In this study we report the first outbreak of camelpox in two provinces in Syria. Clinical symptoms started with fever, salivation and general exanthema. The main features were facial and legs oedema, pustules on the mucosa of the lips and a high rate of abortion. Lesions may also occur on the whole body including scrotum and udder. Specimens were investigated by electron microscopy, virus isolation in cell culture and embryonated eggs and by immunohistochemistry. The causative agent was identified as camelpox virus by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the hemagglutinin gene.  相似文献   

9.
This paper reports on pathological and histopathological findings in the joints of male turkeys (B.U.T. Big 6) reared in two different housing systems. Pathological investigations were conducted on all animals which died between the 6th week of life and the end of fattening (585 birds, 1170 hip, knee and intertarsal joints) from four fattening periods with 3000 birds each. This study included 297 birds kept in a conventional housing system (barn 2) with a stocking density of 2.8 birds/m2, and 288 birds from a barn (1) from which the animals had access to an outdoor scratching area (stocking density 2.5 birds/m2). In all, 157 (26.5%) of the 585 fallen turkeys (barn 1:93; barn 2:70) showed at least one pathological joint alteration. and there were macroscopically detectable changes in 274 (7.8%) of the 3510 investigated joints: 152 (7.8%) of the 1728 joints from barn 1, and 122 (8.8%) of the 1782 from barn 2. In both housing systems the most frequent pathological alterations were in the intertarsal joint affecting 16% (188) of these 1170 joints (barn 1:106; barn 2:82); next most frequent were changes in the knee joint with 4.5% (53) of the 1170 joints affected (barn 1:26; barn 2:27). In both barns, synovial alterations occurred predominantly in the intertarsal and the knee joints. Bacteriological investigation of altered synovial fluids (83) most frequently showed an infection with Staphylococcus spp. (44) and E. coli (15). Macroscopic investigation showed alterations in 31 (2.7%) of the 1170 hip joints (barn 1:19; barn 2:12); 2% (22) of these showed cartilage degenerations of the femoral head (barn 1:15; barn 2:7). Histological investigation of these cartilage lesions showed that they were predominantly (70%) due to osteochondrosis with complete epiphyseolysis affecting 16 femoral heads (barn 1:10; barn 2:6). Partial epiphysiolysis was found in 24% (5) of the femoral heads (barn 1:4; barn 2:1). Furthermore, 43% (9) of the 22 femoral heads with cartilage degeneration also had osteomyelitis and osteochondritis, as well (barn 1:6; barn 2:3). Histological investigation of the 104 femoral heads with no macroscopic findings (barn 1:56; barn 2:48), revealed osteochondrosis in 11 cases (10.6%) (barn 1:6; barn 2:5). Osteomyelitis and osteochondritis were found in 17 (16.3%) of these femoral heads (barn 1:9; barn 2:8). There were no significant (p < 0.05) differences between the two housing systems in the incidence and frequency of joint alterations. It is to be assumed that these joint alterations were the cause of acute, chronic pain.  相似文献   

10.
海兰褐鸡血清淀粉酶同工酶   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对５５只海兰褐鸡血清淀粉酶同工酶进行研究。结果：①血清淀粉酶有ＡＭＹ１，ＡＭＹ２和ＡＭＹ３三种同工酶；②ＡＭＹ２同工酶存在ＡＭＹ２ＡＡ，ＡＭＹ２ＡＢ和ＡＭＹ２Ｅ８三种表型，其表型频率分别为０．１８，０．３１和０．５１；③各同工酶区带的相对迁移率为：ＡＭＹ１１０．２１％，ＡＭＹ２ＡＡ８．１６％，ＡＭＹ２ＢＢ６．６３％，ＡＭＹ３２．０４％。  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: To establish optimal conditions for long-term culture of the erythrocytic stage of Theileria uilenbergi. SAMPLE POPULATION: Red blood cells from 3 splenectomized sheep experimentally infected with a blood stabilate of T uilenbergi. PROCEDURES: Cultures of T uilenbergi were initiated by use of blood from experimentally infected sheep collected when parasites were detected in Giemsa-stained thin blood smears. Different culture conditions were tested to optimize in vitro growth of the organisms. Subcultures were performed at a ratio of 1:2, 1:4, and 1:8 when the percentage of parasitized erythrocytes (PPE) was at least 1% or when the initial PPE was doubled. RESULTS: The optimal culture medium was HL-1 medium (a complete chemically defined medium) supplemented with 20% sheep serum and 0.75% chemically defined lipids. Optimal culture conditions included incubation in a humidified 2% O(2), 5% CO(2), and 93% N(2) atmosphere at 37 degrees C. Cultures of the merozoite stage of the parasite were continuously propagated in vitro for > 1 year. The PPE reached values of up to 3%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Optimization of culture conditions to reach a high PPE seems worthwhile. The continuous propagation of T uilenbergi in culture allows the production of parasite material without infecting animals and provides a continuous laboratory source of parasites for further studies.  相似文献   

12.
刘明稀  郭振飞 《草地学报》2012,20(2):383-388
为确定假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides)再生体系中种子外植体的消毒方式,经过预备试验后共设计A,B,C,D 共4组2系列8种消毒方式。A1:3.5%次氯酸钠消毒25 min,A2:浓硫酸灼烧30 s+3.5%次氯酸钠消毒20 min,B1:7%次氯酸钠消毒20 min,B2:浓硫酸灼烧30 s+7%次氯酸钠消毒20 min,C1:0.05%升汞消毒20 min,C2:浓硫酸灼烧30 s+ 0.05%升汞消毒15 min,D1:0.1%升汞消毒15 min,D2:浓硫酸灼烧30 s+ 0.1%升汞消毒10 min。结果表明:A2的愈伤诱导效果最好,达到52%;D1的愈伤诱导率最低,仅17.33%,其他处理的愈伤诱导率介于二者之间。发现浓硫酸灼烧假俭草种子30 s,可显著提高出愈率;试验证实消毒剂次氯酸钠比升汞有利于假俭草种子的愈伤诱导。  相似文献   

13.
A total of 42 Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) strains from slaughtered healthy cattle in Switzerland were characterized by phenotypic and genotypic traits. The 42 sorbitol-positive, non-O157 STEC strains belonged to 26 O:H serotypes (including eight new serotypes) with four serotypes (O103:H2, O113:H4, O116:H-, ONT:H-) accounting for 38.1% of strains. Out of 16 serotypes previously found in human STEC (71% of strains), nine serotypes (38% of strains) were serotypes that have been associated with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed that 18 (43%) strains carried the stx1 gene, 20 strains (48%) had the stx2 gene, and four (9%) strains had both stx1 and stx2 genes. Of strains encoding for stx2 variants, 63% were positive for stx2 subtype. Enterohemolysin (ehxA), intimin (eae), STEC autoagglutinating adhesin (saa) were detected in 17%, 21%, and 19% of the strains, respectively. Amongst the seven intimin-positive strains, one possessed intimin type beta1 (O5:H-), one intimin gamma1 (O145:H), one intimin gamma2/theta, (O111:H21), and four intimin epsilon (O103:H2). The strains belonged to 29 serovirotypes (association between serotypes and virulence factors). O103:H2 stx1eae-epsilon ehxA, O116:H- stx2, and ONT:H- stx2c were the most common accounting for 29% of the strains. Only one strain (2.4%) of serovirotype O145:H- stx1stx2eae-gamma1ehxA showed a pattern of highly virulent human strains. This is the first study providing characterization data of bovine non-O157 STEC in Switzerland, and underlining the importance of the determination of virulence factors (including intimin types) in addition to serotypes to assess the potential pathogenicity of these strains for humans.  相似文献   

14.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the involvement of various collagen genes in the development of fragmented medial coronoid process (FCP) in Labrador Retrievers. SAMPLE POPULATION: 93 dogs originating from 13 litters were used in the study; FCP was diagnosed in 35 dogs, and each affected dog had at least 1 sibling that was also affected. Twelve dams and sires were included in the analysis. All dogs were purebred Labrador Retrievers except for 2 litters (offspring of a female Golden Retriever-Labrador Retriever mixed-breed dog). PROCEDURES: For each dog, DNA was isolated from blood samples. Polymorphic microsatellite markers adjacent to 14 candidate genes (ie, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL2A1, COL3A1, COL5A1, COL5A2, COL6A3, COL9A1, COL9A2, COL9A3, COL10A1, COL11A1, COL11A2, and COL24A1) were analyzed by use of PCR assays; genotypes were determined via automated detection of DNA products. The level of allele sharing between pairs of affected siblings was assessed. RESULTS: Among the 93 dogs, allele sharing of the 14 collagen genes was determined as follows: COL1A1, 45%; COL1A2, 47%; COL2A1, 37%; COL3A1, 32%; COL5A1, 43%; COL5A2, 32%; COL6A3, 36%; COL9A1, 45%; COL9A2, 49%; COL9A3, 38%; COL10A1, 46%; COL11A1, 52%; COL11A2, 47%; and COL24A1, 47%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Because siblings share 50% of their genome at random, the fact that the percentages of allele sharing among the analyzed collagen genes were not significantly > 50% indicates that these genes are not determinant candidates for FCP in Labrador Retrievers. The gene for the vitamin D receptor could also be excluded because of its proximity to COL2A1.  相似文献   

15.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the relative contributions of voltage-gated and capacitative Ca(2+) entry to agonist-induced contractions of equine laminar arteries and veins. ANIMALS: 16 adult mixed-breed horses. PROCEDURES: Laminar arteries and veins were isolated and mounted on small vessel myographs for the measurement of isometric tension. Concentration-response curves were obtained for the vasoconstrictor agonists phenylephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), prostaglandin F(2) (PGF(2)), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) either in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+) or in the presence of the voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel inhibitor diltiazem or the putative inhibitor of capacitative Ca(2+) entry, trifluoromethylphenylimidazole. RESULTS: In the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), maximal responses of veins to 5-HT, phenylephrine, ET-1 and PGF(2) were reduced by 80%, 50%, 50%, and 45%, respectively; responses of arteries to 5-HT, phenylephrine, and ET-1 were reduced by 95%, 90%, and 20%, respectively. Although diltiazem did not affect the maximal responses of veins to any agonist, responses of arteries to 5-HT, phenylephrine, and ET-1 were reduced by 40%, 50%, and 27%, respectively. Trifluoromethylphenylimidazole did not affect maximal responses of veins, but did reduce their contractile responses to low concentrations of ET-1 and PGF(2). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that the contribution of extracellular Ca(2+) to laminar vessel contractile responses differs between arteries and veins and also between contractile agonists, voltage-gated Ca(2+) entry is more predominant in laminar arteries than in veins, and capacitative Ca(2+) entry has a minor role in agonist-induced contractile responses of laminar veins.  相似文献   

16.
During a survey on Myxobolus infection of pond-cultured common carp in Syria three Myxobolus spp. were found. Myxobolus dispar infected the gill arteries, forming large elongated plasmodia in the gill filaments. The plasmodia of M basilamellaris were located in the gill arches at the base of the filaments. Elongated filiform plasmodia of M. encephalicus were found in the blood vessels of the brain. Despite the common occurrence of the above parasites, no disease symptoms were observed in the infected fish specimens. This is the first report on myxosporean infection of fish from Syrian waters.  相似文献   

17.
王保平  董晓燕  董宽虎 《草地学报》2014,22(5):1096-1102
为探讨不同添加剂及添加量对柠条（Caragana korshinskii）嫩枝叶青贮饲料品质的影响,采用完全随机设计,设对照组（CK）、玉米粉（CM1：10%;CM2：12%;CM3：14%;CM4：16%;CM5：18%）、糖蜜（M1：2%;M2：4%;M3：6%）、纤维素酶（CE1：0.05%;CE2：0.10%;CE3：0.20%）、甲酸（FA1：0.25%;FA2：0.50%;FA3：0.75%）和丙酸（PA1：0.30%;PA2：0.60%;PA3：0.90%）,60 d后测定青贮发酵品质和养分含量。结果表明：各添加剂处理组pH值、氨态氮（NH3-N）、丙酸（PA）和丁酸（BA）含量极显著低于对照（P<0.01）;玉米粉处理组乳酸（LA）含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;CM3和CE3组LA含量与PA1组之间无显著性差异,但极显著高于其他处理组（P<0.01）。添加剂、添加量及交互作用极显著影响柠条嫩枝叶青贮饲料各营养成分含量（P<0.01）。玉米粉处理组干物质（DM）和粗蛋白（CP）含量极显著高于其他处理组（P<0.01）,酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量显著低于其他处理组（P<0.05）。不同添加剂可以改善柠条嫩枝叶青贮饲料的品质,其中添加14%玉米粉的青贮效果最佳。  相似文献   

18.
The prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies was evaluated by the indirect immunofluorescent-antibody test in serum of 57 wild canids from three different species: Lycalopex gymnocercus, Cerdocyon thous and Dusicyon vetulus from the northeast, southeast and southern regions of Brazil. The prevalence was 35.1%, with 20 of the 57 canids demonstrating antibodies anti-T. gondii at dilutions of 1:16 in 2, 1:32 in 4, 1:64 in 2, 1:128 in 2, 1:256 in 6, 1:512 in 2 and 1:2048 in 2 animals. None of the D. vetulus were positive. Among the L. gymnocercus 11 (91.7%) of the 12 samples were positive and among C. thous 9 (60%) of the 15 had antibodies anti-T. gondii.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of inhibition of Rho-kinase or Src-family protein tyrosine kinases (srcPTK) on agonist-induced contractile responses in equine laminar arteries and veins. SAMPLE POPULATION: Laminar arteries and veins obtained from 13 adult mixed-breed horses. PROCEDURES: Laminar vessels were mounted on myographs and exposed to phenylephrine (PE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), prostaglandin F(2) (PGF(2)), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) with or without the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (10 microM), srcPTK inhibitor PP2 (10 microM), or a negative control analogue for PP2 (PP3; 10 microM). RESULTS: Responses to PE were reduced by use of Y-27632 in laminar vessels (approx inhibition, 55%). However, Y-27632 reduced responses to 5-HT to a greater degree in veins than in arteries (approx inhibition of 55% and 35%, respectively). The Y-27632 also reduced responses of laminar veins to ET-1 by approximately 40% but had no effect on maximum responses of laminar arteries to ET-1, although a rightward shift in the concentration response curve was evident. Addition of PP2 reduced responses to PE, 5-HT, and PGF(2) in laminar veins by approximately 40%, 60%, and 65%, respectively, compared with responses after the addition of PP3; PP2 had no effect on responses to ET-1. In laminar arteries, PP2 reduced 5-HT-induced contractions by approximately 50% but did not affect responses to PE or ET-1. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of the study were consistent with activation of Rho-kinase being important during agonist-induced constriction in laminar vessels, activation of srcPTK being an agonist-dependent event, and more prominent roles for Rhokinase and srcPTK in veins than in arteries.  相似文献   

20.
This study aimed to determine the effects of different forage combinations on in vitro gas production (GP) kinetics, ruminal and milk fatty acid profiles. Forty‐five lactating cows were randomly arranged into three groups and fed three total mixed rations (TMRs) with different forage combinations: TMR1, 23% alfalfa hay, 7% Chinese wild ryegrass hay and 15% whole corn silage; TMR2, 30% corn stover plus 15% whole corn silage; TMR3, 30% rice straw plus 15% whole corn silage. In vitro dry matter disappearance ranked: TMR1 > TMR2 > TMR3, and highest cumulative GP and asymptotic GP occurred in TMR1 while no difference occurred between TMR2 and TMR3. The average GP rate ranked: TMR1 > TMR2 > TMR3. TMR1 in comparison with TMR2 and TMR3 presented lower rumen contents of acetate and butyrate and greater rumen contents of propionate, valerate, C13:0, C14:0, C15:0, C18:1cis‐9, C18:2n‐6, C18:3n‐3, C20:0 and C22:0 as well as milk C18:2n‐6 and C18:3n‐3 proportions. Transfer efficiencies of C18:2n‐6 and C18:3n‐3 from diet to milk ranked: TMR1 > TMR2 > TMR3. The findings suggest TMRs containing alfalfa hay and Chinese wild ryegrass hay in comparison with corn stover or rice straw improve rumen fermentation and transfer efficiency of C18:2n‐6 and C18:3n‐3.  相似文献   

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