共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
菠萝果实不同发育阶段色泽和色素的变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对2个菠萝品种(卡因种和巴厘种)果实不同发育阶段的果肉色泽和色素含量进行分析.结果表明:随着果实的成熟,果肉颜色逐渐向橙色转变;叶绿素总量从果实膨大期增加到加工成熟期的最大值,之后急剧下降:类胡萝卜素、花青苷和类黄酮的含量从果实膨大期到完熟期都逐渐增加.叶绿素含量与类胡萝卜素、花青苷及类黄酮无显著相关;类黄酮含量与类胡萝卜素显著正相关,与花青苷极显著正相关;h*值与叶绿素含量无显著相关,与类胡萝卜素、花青苷和类黄酮含量极显著负相关.a*值、b*值与类胡萝卜素、花青苷和类黄酮含量显著或极显著正相关.2个品种间类胡萝卜素和类黄酮含量差异显著,花青苷含量差异不显著. 相似文献
2.
《中国马铃薯》2013,(4):232-238
花色苷是植物中一类由花青素与单糖结合形成糖苷类物质,因其抗氧化功能而具有较高的营养保健价值。马铃薯花色苷在薯皮、薯肉、匍匐茎、花、根、茎、叶中均有分布,主要存在于细胞的液泡中。研究表明,不同品种马铃薯块茎中花青素种类和含量存在差异,主要有6种:天竺葵素、矢车菊素、芍药色素、飞燕草素、锦葵色素和矮牵牛素。目前,花色苷合成途径已经清楚,其中涉及两类基因:一类是结构基因,其编码生物合成途径中所需的酶;另一类是调节基因,其编码的转录因子调控结构基因表达的强度和程度,影响花色苷的时空积累。该综述对马铃薯花色苷生物合成、相关基因克隆、功能及其应用研究进行详细介绍,并对彩色薯的育种研究提出了可行性建议。 相似文献
3.
《中国油料作物学报》2017,(5)
为了探讨花青素合成相关基因表达与种皮颜色的关系,本文采用HPLC和实时荧光定量PCR技术,分析4种不同种皮颜色的花生品种种皮花青素的种类和含量,以及花青素合成相关基因在4个品种5个荚果发育关键时期的差异表达。结果表明:花生种皮的花青素主要由飞燕草色素、矢车菊色素和天竺葵色素等三种色素组成;花生种皮的外观颜色和深浅主要由飞燕草色素和矢车菊色素含量决定,飞燕草色素和矢车菊色素含量越高,种皮颜色越深。花青素合成相关基因主要在种子充实期(开花后约40~50d)上调表达。花生种皮颜色的深浅与查耳酮合成酶基因(CHS)、查耳酮异构酶基因(CHI)、二氢黄酮醇4-还原酶基因(DFR)、类黄酮-3'羟化酶基因(F3'H)和花色苷合成酶基因(ANS)等基因在种子充实期高表达显著相关。上述5个基因表达量愈高,种皮颜色愈深。 相似文献
4.
以5种颜色糯玉米子粒为材料,测定其总花色苷含量、6种花色苷组分含量和色度以及总抗氧化能力。结果表明,深紫灰色、深红色和灰紫色糯玉米子粒中天竺葵色素含量均显著高于淡黄色和淡黄绿色糯玉米子粒中天竺葵色素含量,糯玉米颜色红绿度(a*值)与天竺葵色素和矮牵牛色素含量呈极显著正相关。深紫灰色糯玉米子粒中矢车菊色素含量显著高于其他4种颜色糯玉米子粒矢车菊色素含量,糯玉米子粒总抗氧化能力与总花色苷含量、矢车菊色素含量、天竺葵色素含量呈极显著正相关。结果表明,可通过提高糯玉米子粒矢车菊色素和天竺葵色素含量,选育高抗氧化能力的深紫灰色糯玉米品种。 相似文献
5.
辣椒属于茄科（Solanaceae）辣椒属（Capsicum L.）一年生或多年生植物,其播种面积和产值在中国均居蔬菜首位。果色是辣椒众多经济性状中最直观的性状之一,直接影响人们的购买选择。辣椒果色受多种因素调控,相关色素生物合成的分子调控还需进一步解析。本研究以果实发育过程中呈现5种颜色的辣椒种质HNCA0076为实验材料,进行了生理检测、转录组测序以及WGCNA分析。在果实5个不同颜色时期,叶绿素含量变化较大,类胡萝卜素含量整体呈现递增趋势,类黄酮含量无明显变化,花色苷含量在紫色果期后逐渐降低,橙色果期后又逐渐升高。RNA测序数据质量满足进一步分析要求。4个转色期的上调（下调）表达基因数分别为826（276）、390（588）、1248（1800）和1528（2485）,随着果实的逐步发育,相邻比较组合中的差异基因的数量逐渐增加。差异表达基因经GO富集分析,主要集中在分子功能中的四吡咯结合、血红素结合、转移酶活性、氧化还原酶活性、铁离子结合和水解酶活性等过程;KEGG富集分析主要富集在类胡萝卜素生物合成、类黄酮生物合成和淀粉、蔗糖代谢等信号通路,其中类胡萝卜素代谢途径的3个基因在紫色时期向黄色时期的转变过程中表达上调,类黄酮代谢途径的11个基因在黄色时期向红色时期的转变过程中表达下调。4个对比组合差异基因分别注释到8877、8736、8689、8573个转录因子,共同注释到8049个转录因子,包括AP2、F-box、MYB和UDPGT等类型。利用非冗余的差异表达基因进行了加权关联网络分析,关联到4个与叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花色苷、类黄酮含量相关的模块,进一步分析表明p450（LOC107859314）、Pkinase（LOC107839192、LOC107875415）、F-box（LOC107863894）和zf-MYND（LOC107852593）等29个转录因子可能参与辣椒果实转色的调控。本研究为进一步探索辣椒果实色素形成过程中的关键调控因子以及分析相关色素生物合成的调控提供了重要数据。 相似文献
6.
为了解建兰花色多样性及其形成机理,对58个建兰品种的萼片进行了颜色表型分析和色素成分初步分析。结合目测分析、比色卡比色以及色差仪测色,将58个建兰品种的萼片分为4大色系,分别为紫红色系、红色系、黄绿色系和白色系。选择各色系的代表品种进行显色反应、类黄酮特征颜色反应和紫外-可见光谱扫描,分析不同花色系的建兰萼片中含有的色素成分。结果表明：白色系萼片中色素成分较为单一,不含叶绿素和类胡萝卜素,有黄酮类化合物存在;紫红色系和红色系的萼片所含的主要色素成分为类黄酮化合物和花色素苷;黄绿色系萼片所含色素种类最多,包括叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和黄酮类化合物等。该试验为建兰花色素成分的进一步研究以及建兰花色的形成机理奠定了理论基础,同时为建兰色花品种培育提供了参考。 相似文献
7.
8.
多花水仙花期类胡萝卜素物质和类黄酮物质的含量变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解多花水仙在开花过程中色素物质含量的变化,以多花水仙‘金盏银台’和‘黄花水仙2号’4个花期副冠和花被为材料,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定2种类胡萝卜素物质和11种类黄酮物质的含量.结果表明:多花水仙在花蕾期已经有大量色素物质积累;黄花水仙2号主要色素物质是芦丁和叶黄素,金盏银台的主要色素物质是芦丁、柚皮苷、阿魏酸和叶黄素;花期2个品种副冠和花被中芦丁、柚皮苷和阿魏酸的含量变化趋势基本一致,均表现为花蕾期含量最高,始花期、盛花期有所降低,衰败期又升高的趋势,而叶黄素含量变化不尽相同;经t测验分析,花期不同品种同一部位中芦丁、柚皮苷、阿魏酸和叶黄素的含量差异显著,同一品种不同部位中叶黄素和阿魏酸的含量差异显著,芦丁、柚皮苷的含量差异不显著. 相似文献
9.
黑花生种皮花色苷组成成分的UPLC/Q-TOF分析研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《花生学报》2015,(3)
应用UPLC/Q-TOF技术对黑花生种皮中的花色苷进行分离鉴定。黑花生种皮花色苷用90%甲醇水溶液(含0.5%甲酸)超声波提取,SPE C18柱净化,Q-TOF全扫描和MS/MS扫描鉴定花色苷的种类。结果表明,黑花生种皮颜色主要由矢车菊素—接骨木二糖苷、飞燕草色素—己糖苷等7种花色苷组成。本研究结果对于揭示黑花生种皮花色苷生物活性的物质基础和作用机制有重要意义,同时为开发富含花色苷的花生品种,提高花生的营养品质和保健功能提供理论依据。 相似文献
10.
以6个不同花色的小苍兰品种为实验材料,在量化小苍兰花色表型和初步确定花瓣色素类型的基础上,利用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术鉴定花瓣中的花黄色素组成并比较分析各组分含量。结果表明：在小苍兰花瓣中鉴定到13种黄酮及黄酮醇物质,分别为槲皮素、山萘酚、异鼠李素、柚皮素、黄芩素及其糖苷;槲皮素及其糖苷是小苍兰花瓣中重要的黄酮醇物质;随着小苍兰的花朵开放,花黄色素含量多呈下降趋势;在不同小苍兰品种中,花黄色素含量存在明显差异,其中,红、紫色系品种含量显著高于黄、白色系品种,尤其是‘上农红台阁’‘Red Passion’和‘Castor’,其含量在各发育阶段均表现为较高水平的积累。此外,花色表型为复色的‘Red Passion’和‘Castor’中上部与基部花瓣的花黄色素含量存在显著差异。相关分析表明,各花黄色素组分的积累与小苍兰花色明度均呈极显著负相关;槲皮素、异鼠李素及其糖苷含量与花色红度呈极显著正相关,柚皮素、山萘酚及其糖苷与花色红度呈显著正相关;山萘酚及其糖苷含量与花色鲜艳程度呈显著正相关。可见,花黄色素影响小苍兰的花色呈现。 相似文献
11.
12.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
15.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献