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茶树油控制香蕉采后炭疽病害的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨植物提取物对香蕉采后病害的防治效果,以香蕉果实为材料,采用菌丝生长速率方法测定不同剂量的茶树油(TTO)对香蕉炭疽病菌的离体抗菌活性,并用TTO熏蒸处理接种炭疽病菌的香蕉果实,测定果实的发病情况。结果显示,20～40μL TTO能够显著抑制离体炭疽病菌的菌丝生长,浓度越高,抑制效果越明显;接种炭疽病菌的果实经TTO处理后,病斑直径显著小于未处理果实。另外,TTO处理的果实在常温贮藏10 d后果实果皮颜色和硬度也显著优于未处理果实。初步研究表明TTO在控制香蕉果实采后腐烂和保鲜上具有应用可行性。 相似文献
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香蕉是富含营养物质且具有重要经济价值的热带水果,也是中国南方四大水果之一。香蕉是一种典型的呼吸跃变型果实,采后乙烯的大量释放使香蕉在贮藏过程中加快成熟和衰老,影响香蕉贮藏保鲜及经济价值。因此有必要研究提高香蕉采后贮藏品质的技术方法,为实践应用提供理论依据。本研究以采后香蕉为材料,分别通过UV-C辐照、柠檬酸浸泡以及二者的复合处理3种方法处理香蕉,在温度为(20±2)℃、湿度为60%～70%的条件下黑暗贮藏12 d,分别于贮藏期的第1、6、9、12天对各组进行随机取样,通过测定硬度、失重率、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量等生理和品质指标,研究不同处理方法对采后香蕉贮藏品质的影响。结果表明：3.96×10–2 KJ/m2 UV-C辐照和复合处理(3.96×10–2 KJ/m2 UV-C辐照+2.0%柠檬酸)对香蕉的保鲜效果明显优于柠檬酸处理,表现为显著抑制果实硬度的下降,延缓失重率的增加,抑制可溶性固形物含量的增加和可滴定酸含量的下降,维持果实糖酸比。在贮藏结束时,与CK相比,UV-C辐照和复合处理的香... 相似文献
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探讨采用毛细管柱气相色谱法测定橡胶树胶乳中乙烯释放量的方法,并初步测定了首次割胶的胶乳中乙烯释放量和乙烯刺激割胶不同割次的乙烯释放量。试验用岛津GC2010型气相色谱仪,采用外标法,以保留时间定性,以峰面积定量,胶乳中乙烯释放量测定结果相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.08%,检出限为0.03μL·L^-1。用气相色谱法测定橡胶树中胶乳的乙烯含量和生成速率有简便、快速、高效、准确、灵敏度高等优点。橡胶树采用乙烯利刺激（S/2d/2＋3.0%ET）,在涂药后第1-5割次的胶乳乙烯释放量分别为：18.62、9.86、3.40、4.90、3.65μL·L^-1,而橡胶树首次割胶（对照）的胶乳中乙烯释放量为2.36μL·L^-1;第1-5割次的胶乳乙烯生成速率分别为：2.83、1.53、0.50、0.67、0.54nL·g^-1·h^-1,而对照的为0.36nL·g^-1·h^-1。结果表明：经乙烯利刺激后,橡胶树胶乳中乙烯释放量和生产速率均呈双峰型变化趋势,其中涂药后第1割次的胶乳中乙烯释放量最高;橡胶树胶乳中乙烯释放量与乙烯生成速率呈极显著正相关,r=0.9997^＊＊。 相似文献
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研究1.2 μL/L的1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)处理对在(25±1)℃下贮藏的‘油檬’(Prunus salicina Lindl.cv.Younai)果实采后生理和品质的影响.结果表明,与对照果实相比,1-MCP处理可有效降低‘油(檫)’果实呼吸强度、呼吸峰值和乙烯释放量,延缓果实细胞膜相对渗透率升高和果实表面色调角h.值的下降,保持较高的果实硬度、可滴定酸和果皮叶绿素含量,延迟果实外观颜色转变,减少果实失重和腐烂.经1-MCP处理的果实在(25±1)℃下贮藏15d时的好果率为80％,而对照果实只有58％.因此认为,1-MCP处理可以延缓采后‘油榇’果实后熟衰老和保持果实品质,延长果实保鲜期. 相似文献
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1-MCP处理对‘油木奈’果实采后生理和品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究1.2 μL/L的1-甲基环丙烯（1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP）处理对在（25±1）℃下贮藏的‘油木奈’（Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. Younai）果实采后生理和品质的影响。结果表明,与对照果实相比,1-MCP处理可有效降低‘油木奈’果实呼吸强度、呼吸峰值和乙烯释放量,延缓果实细胞膜相对渗透率升高和果实表面色调角h°值的下降,保持较高的果实硬度、可滴定酸和果皮叶绿素含量,延迟果实外观颜色转变,减少果实失重和腐烂。经1-MCP处理的果实在（25±1）℃下贮藏15 d时的好果率为80％,而对照果实只有58％。因此认为,1-MCP处理可以延缓采后‘油木奈’果实后熟衰老和保持果实品质,延长果实保鲜期。 相似文献
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比较研究不同浓度乙烯抑制剂AOA(aminooxyacetie acid)、AIB(α-amino-isobutyric acid)、AVG (Aminoethoxyvinyl glycine hydrochloride)、ATA(3-amino-1,2,4-triazole)、1-MCP(1-methylcyclopropene)、精胺、亚精胺对采后杧果(Mangifera indica L)乙烯释放的抑制效果,以期筛出最佳乙烯抑制剂并探究其对杧果的贮藏保鲜效果.结果表明:不同浓度乙烯抑制剂处理杧果,均可降低杧果果实乙烯释放量,其中1 mmol/L精胺、10 mmol/L亚精胺和50 mmol/LATA可有效延缓硬度、可滴定酸(Titratable acid,TA)下降,维持较高VC(Vitamin C)和TSS(Total soluble solids)含量.综合分析,精胺、亚精胺、ATA处理可有效延缓采后杧果果实软化,为采后杧果贮藏保鲜提供技术支持. 相似文献
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为了明确香蕉果实发育及成熟过程中黄酮含量变化规律,对巴西香蕉、粉蕉和皇帝蕉果实采前发育和采后成熟过程中的黄酮含量进行测定。结果表明:3个香蕉品种在果实发育成熟过程中果皮中黄酮含量均显著高于果肉中黄酮含量。从抽蕾、断蕾到采收,3个品种果皮中的黄酮含量逐渐降低,表现出与发育负相关。采前巴西蕉和黄帝蕉果肉中黄酮含量也是逐渐降低,但粉蕉果肉中黄酮含量呈先升后降的趋势。在采后成熟过程中,3个香蕉品种果皮果肉中的黄酮含量逐渐升高。且用外源乙烯和1-MCP处理后发现,香蕉果皮和果肉中的黄酮含量明显受外源乙烯诱导而增加,受1-MCP的抑制而减少,表现出与成熟正相关。 相似文献
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比较研究不同浓度乙烯抑制剂AOA(aminooxyacetic acid)、AIB(α-amino-isobutyric acid)、AVG (Aminoethoxyvinyl glycine hydrochloride)、ATA(3-amino-1,2,4-triazole)、1-MCP(1-methylcyclopropene)、精胺、亚精胺对采后杧果(Mangifera indica L．)乙烯释放的抑制效果,以期筛出最佳乙烯抑制剂并探究其对杧果的贮藏保鲜效果。结果表明：不同浓度乙烯抑制剂处理杧果,均可降低杧果果实乙烯释放量,其中1 mmol/L精胺、10 mmol/L亚精胺和50 mmol/L ATA可有效延缓硬度、可滴定酸(Titratable acid, TA)下降,维持较高VC(Vitamin C)和TSS(Total soluble solids)含量。综合分析,精胺、亚精胺、ATA处理可有效延缓采后杧果果实软化,为采后杧果贮藏保鲜提供技术支持。 相似文献
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ABA对香蕉果实的呼吸作用及其与乙烯的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
香蕉果实采后过程中,脱落酸(ABA)首先生成并积累。当ABA达到—定水平后才明显出现乙烯生成。外源ABA处理果实促进呼吸作用和乙烯发生。在10~(-5)-10~(-2)mol/L浓度内,ABA对跃变前果实的呼吸和乙烯的促进作用与其处理的浓度呈正相关。外加Ag~+处理可抑制ABA对呼吸(60.3％-94.7％)和乙烯(55.2％-89.2％)的促进作用。结果表明,ABA对果实呼吸的促进作用主要是通过刺激乙烯的产生进行的。 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献