共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
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《农业工程技术:农产品加工》2020,(11)
在农业病虫害防控过程中,应该综合应用绿色防控技术,逐渐改变过去传统的以化学农药防治为主的手段,控制农药的使用量和使用范围,禁止使用高毒高残留农药,真正实现农业生产的绿色可持续发展。该文首先论述了农作物病虫害绿色防控技术应用的基本原则,然后提出改善种植环境、制定合理管理制度等农业防治措施,利用害虫天敌、禽类防控与生物农药防控等生物防治措施,还有科学合理使用化学药剂的化学防控措施,各地要因地制宜,综合使用各种防控手段,促进农业的可持续发展。 相似文献
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水稻病虫害减量控害防控技术 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
介绍了水稻病虫害减量控害防控技术,主要包括大力推广抗病虫高产优质水稻品种、种子进行药剂处理、适期喷药防治、大力推广使用低毒高效环保型农药、合理混用农药等内容,以期为种植户提供参考。 相似文献
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介绍了水稻病虫害减量控害防控技术,主要包括大力推广抗病虫高产优质水稻品种、种子进行药剂处理、适期喷药防治、大力推广使用低毒高效环保型农药、合理混用农药等内容,以期为种植户提供参考。 相似文献
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重庆烟区烟草种植及农药使用情况调查与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《湖南农业科学》2014,(11)
通过对重庆市6个主要烟草种植区县烟农种烟及农药使用情况进行调查,初步明确了重庆烟草种植的基本结构及其农药使用现状和存在的一些问题,如杀虫剂配套药量严重不足,杀菌剂、病毒抑制剂和烟草保健药剂等科学使用率偏低等现象;并针对性地提出了解决这些问题的方法与建议。 相似文献
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绿色植保技术在高黎贡山绿色生态优质烟叶生产中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在高黎贡山绿色生态优质烟叶生产示范区,秉承"公共植保,绿色植保"的理念,按照"预防为主、综合防治"的植保方针,从烟田生态系统整体出发,构建了以农业防治为基础、以生物防治为重点、以物理防治为辅助、以化学防治为补充的病虫害绿色防控技术,核心技术包括:黄板诱杀烟蚜、烟粉虱的物理防治技术;频振式杀虫灯防治烟草害虫的物理防治技术;性信息素诱杀斜纹夜蛾、烟青虫、棉铃虫的生物防治技术;烟蚜茧蜂防治烟蚜的生物防治技术;生物制剂防治烟草病虫害的应用技术。通过绿色防控技术的示范推广,把病害虫的为害损失控制在经济允许的水平之下,2012年化学农药的使用量较2011年减少15.4%,保护了烟田生态环境,提升了烟田自然因子的控害能力,实现了示范区病虫害的可持续控制。 相似文献
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中国是世界上农作物病虫害发生最严重的国家之一,常年发生1700余种。近年来,受全球气候变化、经济一体化和农业产业结构调整等诸多因素的影响,中国农作物病虫害问题趋于严重。化学农药是目前中国防治农作物病虫害的最主要手段,农药的大量使用在控制有害生物的同时,也带来了农药残留超标、环境污染、害虫抗药性与再猖獗等一系列问题。因此,发展绿色防控科技,大幅度降低化学农药的用量是中国植物保护科研工作的核心任务,其重点发展方向包括：产业结构调整、全球经济一体化和气候变化等因素对重大病虫害种群演替规律的影响,基于现代生物技术、信息技术、新材料与先进制造的植保新理论、新方法与新产品,绿色防治关键技术与产品,化学农药精准施药和残留检测追溯技术,智能化植物保护装备,以及区域性病虫害绿色可持续控制模式等。 相似文献
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我国昆虫病原线虫生物防治应用研究进展 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
综述了国内昆虫病原线虫的优良品系筛选，防治对象，田间侵染力，耐药性方面的研究。我国已筛选出多个线虫品系，用于田间防治，近期发现小杆科和双胃科的线虫有生防价值。国内研究集中于小卷蛾线虫，芜菁夜蛾线虫和异上杆线虫对40多种害虫的防治，田间防效达70％以上。线虫施用技术，生活习性及搜索方式直接影响其侵染力。应用保湿剂，抗干燥剂及干燥脱水等技术为线虫的储运和防治食叶害虫提供了方便。低毒化学农药不影响线虫的存活和田间侵染力，可以混合使用。我国还应进一步开发利用丰富的线虫资源。 相似文献
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农作物病虫害的综合防治措施 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
农业在我国的经济发展中具有举足轻重的作用,对病虫害进行有效防治则是提高农作物品质和产量的关键。病虫害防治需建立一套综合的防治体系,即需将农业防治、生物防治、物理防治和化学防治有效地结合起来。综合防治对于病虫害的防治效果显著,能够显著提高农作物产量和品质,培育安全、无公害的农产品。 相似文献
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为减少农药使用量,提高农药利用率,本研究通过对新型农药控失剂与农药减量混用进行试验,以柑橘为研究对象,调查全年病虫害防治效果。使用新型农药控失剂与农药减量混用应用试验区与农户常规用药区防效基本一致,农药残留低,对作物安全,值得推广应用。 相似文献
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XU Jin ZHU JieHua YANG YanLi TANG Hao Lü HePing FAN MingShou SHI Ying DONG DaoFeng WANG GuiJiang WANG WanXing XIONG XingYao GAO YuLin 《中国农业科学》2019,52(16):2800-2808
As the fourth important staple crop just after rice, maize and wheat, potato plays a crucial role in food security, poverty alleviation, cropping structure adjustment and transformation and updating of agriculture in China. The total harvested area and production of potato in China rank first in the world. However, the yield is much lower than the average level of the world due to a variety of diseases and insect pests of potato. With the support of National Key Research and Development Program of China, the major diseases and insect pests as well as pesticide use in potato production were surveyed in the six main production areas. Twenty-seven major potato pests were found in China. Six diseases (i.e. late blight, early blight, black scurf, Fusarium wilt, potato black leg and potato common scab) and six insect pests (i.e. wireworms, chafer grubs, aphids, twenty-eight spot lady beetle, potato tuber moth and thrips) were proposed to be listed as the most important management target in all the production areas. Moreover, more attention should be paid to prevent and control of bacterial wilt, ring rot and powdery scab. On the basis of census data, the average number of pesticide application and usage per unit area of potato in China were 17 and 40.03 kg·hm -2, which were higher than the national average level of 4.16 and 3.49 kg·hm -2. The control target of current registered pesticides did not cover many increasingly severe potato pests, such as bacterial wilt, common scab, powdery scab, and so on. Adoption and spread of integrated pest management (IPM) were proposed to be the most important strategy for reducing pesticide use and costs in potato production. To make scientific pest-management and pesticide reduction strategy, a potato pest early warning system should be developed based on rapid, sensitive and reliable detection and monitoring method. As host plant resistance is the economically feasible options for pests managing, it is important to improve potato resistant variety breeding and application, optimize variety layout. Development and promotion of high-efficient pesticide application technology and environmentally friendly alternatives to chemicals are the core drivers to realize chemical pesticide reduction. 相似文献
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Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a globally important crop that is often damaged by pests and diseases. Current cotton pests and diseases management is dependent on chemical pesticides. Although chemical pesticides are usually effective, long-term application of these pesticides often leads to increased insecticide resistance in the pests, fewer natural enemies, reduced natural control, and a degraded environment. Because of increased environmental awareness and the need for sustainable cotton production, the control of cotton pests and diseases using biological means like intercropping is increasingly receiving attention. Intercropping of cotton with other crops can often boost the total yield and output of the intercropping system and provide significant economic benefits without sacrificing cotton quality. Intercropping also increases the number of natural enemies, and reduces the occurrence of cotton pests and diseases by altering the ecological structure and environmental conditions in the fields. Cotton-based intercropping is an effective strategy to reduce the competition between cotton and grain or other economic crops for arable land. It is also an important way to increase the populations of natural enemies in cotton fields for the management of pests and diseases. However, inappropriate intercropping can also increase labor requirements and even result in inadequate control of pests and diseases. This review focuses on the performance and the mechanisms of intercropping for reducing cotton pests and disease as well as on the effective management of intercropping systems. The risks and limitations, as well as the study approaches needed and the prospects of intercropping for the control of cotton pests and diseases, are also discussed. This information is intended to aid researchers and growers in designing economically viable and ecologically friendly pest and disease management strategies that will reduce the use of chemicals and the cost of cotton production. 相似文献
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中国马铃薯病虫害发生情况与农药使用现状 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
作为继水稻、玉米和小麦之后的第四大主粮作物,马铃薯在保障我国粮食安全、精准扶贫、种植业结构调整以及农业产业转型升级中发挥着至关重要的作用。我国马铃薯的种植面积和总产量均位居世界首位,但单产水平因病虫害等瓶颈因素的制约低于世界平均水平。在国家重点研发项目的资助下,项目组在马铃薯六大优势产区开展了有害生物疫情监测和农药使用现状普查工作。明确了我国马铃薯生产上的主要病虫害共计27种,提出以晚疫病、早疫病、黑痣病、枯萎病、黑胫病、疮痂病、金针虫、蛴螬、二十八星瓢虫、马铃薯块茎蛾、蚜虫、蓟马等“六病六虫”为重点防控对象,根据各区域情况兼顾青枯病、环腐病、黄萎病、粉痂病等病虫害的防控。探明了我国马铃薯单位面积农药施用次数和施用量分别为17次和40.03 kg·hm -2,高于全国平均水平的4.16次和3.49 kg·hm -2。马铃薯现有农药登记产品防治对象的覆盖范围严重不足,青枯病、疮痂病、粉痂病等重要病虫害面临无登记农药可用的窘境。在农药减施策略方面,提出践行有害生物综合治理方针。建立马铃薯病虫害监测预警和早期精确诊断技术体系,为制定科学防控策略,适时精准施药奠定基础。选育推广抗病、虫品种,优化品种布局。适时播种、合理间套作,从时空两个维度阻隔规避马铃薯有害生物的侵染。种薯源头管控,完善种薯认证监管体系。扩大合格脱毒种薯的应用面积,大力推广种薯处理技术。研发推广化学农药高效施用技术与绿色防控替代技术是实现马铃薯化学农药减施的核心驱动。 相似文献
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草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)属于入侵性农业害虫,其幼虫可以大量啃食玉米、高粱、水稻等多种农作物。草地贪夜蛾具有迁飞能力强、突发性、多产性、暴食性、杂食性、隐蔽性、钻蛀性、钻土性、夜出性、趋嫩性和独占性等特性,防治难度极大。对于入侵的暴发性害虫来说,化学防治依旧是目前能够在较短时间内控制其在我国大规模暴发的主要方法。虽然有很多昆虫都是草地贪夜蛾的天敌,但基本上没有足够用来防止作物受伤的措施。目前的防治措施主要包括物理防治、化学防治、生物防治,其中生物防治又可具体为植物源农药、性诱剂、生防菌、寄生蜂、寄生性天敌等。 相似文献