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1.
A simple inexpensive method is described for determining plasma uric acid levels in companion birds. Plasma uric acid concentrations in 33 healthy parakeets were determined by a modification of the uricase spectrophotometric procedure utilizing 50 microliters of plasma. The mean uric acid level in parakeets was 5.60 mg/dl blood plasma, with no significant difference between males and females. In White Leghorn chickens, however, the mean level of uric acid in plasma was 7.19 mg/dl in males and 3.05 mg/dl in females. This method may be useful for the diagnosis and study of gout in small birds.  相似文献   

2.
The aim of this study was to validate an automated immunoturbidimetric assay used to quantify human albumin in urine and to accurately measure canine albumin concentrations in both urine and cerebrospinal fluid. The partial homology existing between human and canine albumin limited the accuracy of the human assays in measuring canine albumin without method modifications. Thus, the assay was modified by calibrating the analyzer with calibrators made in the laboratory containing known concentrations of canine albumin. To prepare the set of calibrators, the albumin concentration of pooled sera of healthy dogs was assessed in 5 replicates using the BromocresolGreen assay. Pooled samples were aliquoted and serially diluted to obtain the expected concentrations of albumin (0.5, 1, 5, 13, and 30 mg/dl) for establishing the canine calibration curve. Thereafter, the performance was assessed by analyzing canine urine and CSF The modified assay accurately quantified canine albumin in both specimens, as indicated by the following. Intra- and interassay variability was 0.92% and 2.74%, respectively; recovery was 99.66% and 99.07% in urine and 105.02% in CSF No interference was detected when hemolysate and glucose were added to urine. The test was linear within the verified range (0-225 mg/dl). These results demonstrate that the modified human albumin immunoturbidimetric assay can be a useful tool in the veterinary diagnostic laboratory. It is accurate and tends itself to automatization on chemistry analyzers.  相似文献   

3.
Furosemide is a potent loop diuretic used for the prevention of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses. This drug may interfere with the detection of other substances by reducing urinary concentrations, so its use is strictly regulated. The regulation of furosemide in many racing jurisdictions is based on paired limits of urinary SG (<1.010) and serum furosemide concentrations (>100 ng/ml). To validate this regulatory mechanism, a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry method employing a solid-phase extraction procedure and furosemide-d5 as an internal standard was developed. The method was used to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of furosemide in equine serum samples and its effects on urinary SG after IV administration (250 mg) to 10 horses. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that serum concentrations of furosemide were well described by a two-compartmental open model. Based on results in this study, it is very unlikely for horses to have serum furosemide concentrations greater than 100 ng/ml or urine SG less than 1.010 at 4 hours after administration (250 mg IV). However, it should be remembered that urine SG is a highly variable measurement in horses, and even without furosemide administration, some horses might naturally have urine SG values less than 1.010.  相似文献   

4.
An 18 month-old, intact female American Shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of stunted growth and postprandial depression. Fasting serum ammonia and serum bile acid concentrations were above reference ranges at 396 microg/dl and 6.5 micromol/ l and their postprandial concentrations were 785 microg/dl and 9.5 micromol/l, respectively. The initial tentative diagnosis of a portosystemic shunt was excluded by mesenteric portography and histopathology of the liver. The cat was then suspected of a urea cycle enzyme deficiency and its urine was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A presumptive diagnosis of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency was made on the basis of the detection of orotic acid and uracil.  相似文献   

5.
The development and adaptation of a fluorescent immunoassay for determining changes in canine haptoglobin levels is described. Levels of canine haptoglobin determined by the fluorescent immunoassay from a group of healthy dog sera (68.0 mg/dl) compared favorably to the haptoglobin levels determined by a spectrophotometric method (74.5 mg/dl). The fluorescent immunoassay offered several advantages over currently used methods for determining levels of canine haptoglobin in serum.  相似文献   

6.
Serum mannose and glucose concentrations in dogs before and after eating a meal were determined simultaneously with a recently established HPLC method combined with a UV and fluorescence detection system of p-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (ABEE)-derivatized monosaccharides. In this newly established HPLC method, detection limits were 0.09 micromol/L for mannose and 0.04 mmol/L for glucose. Linearity of peak areas vs. amounts of mannose and glucose in the range of 0.27-320 micromol/L and 0.13-64 mmol/L were observed, respectively. The value of the glucose content measured by the HPLC method was in good agreement with that of the commonly used enzymatic method (control). Serum glucose concentrations in dogs 90 min after the meal were almost the same as those before the meal, whereas serum mannose concentrations decreased significantly after the meal. This HPLC method may be useful for determination of monosaccharides in animal blood.  相似文献   

7.
The concentration of acid soluble glycoproteins (ASG) in serum was determined by the Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 method as a means of assessing the amount of the acute phase protein in bovine serum. The mean (±SD) ASG concentration in sera from 30 normal dairy cows was 98.0 (±31.5) mg/dl (range 42.2–161.0 mg/dl). The mean serum ASG concentrations in cattle suffering from enzootic bovine leukosis and enzootic bovine leukosis associated with glomerulonephritis were significantly (p<0.01) higher than those of normal cows. Elevated ASG concentrations were observed in cows with acute clinical mastitis. Higher (1.1–2.9 fold) ASG concentrations were observed in sera from cattle on the fifth day after surgery than in those taken at the preoperative stage. The measurement of ASG in serum could be used routinely in bovine clinical medicine as a useful indicator of inflammatory processes.  相似文献   

8.
1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol (1,5AG) is a pyranoid polyol compound found in human circulating blood. Myo-inositol (MI) is a stereoisomer of inositol and serves as a precursor of inositol phospholipids. 1,5AG and MI are filtered by the glomerulus and almost completely reabsorbed through the renal tubules. However, under hyperglycemic conditions, reabsorption through the renal tubules is competitively inhibited because the structures of 1,5AG and MI resemble that of glucose. In this study, we investigated the kinetics of serum and urine 1,5AG and MI levels in healthy dogs. We demonstrated that 1,5AG and MI exist in canine serum and urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Under continuous hyperglycemic conditions, the serum 1,5AG concentration in healthy dogs decreased while the serum MI concentration remained unchanged. Urinary excretion of 1,5AG and MI increased significantly after blood glucose concentrations reached 200 to 220 mg/dl. A significant negative correlation was observed between serum 1,5AG and glucose concentrations during hyperglycemia. However, no significant correlation was observed between serum MI and glucose concentrations. In this study, we demonstrated that serum and urine 1,5AG and MI levels were changed by blood glucose concentrations. The serum 1,5AG concentration was decreased by continuous hyperglycemia. However, the serum MI concentration does not reflect hyperglycemia.  相似文献   

9.
Thyroid and immunologic status of dogs with perianal fistula   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Lymphocyte-proliferation responses, absolute lymphocyte counts, and thyrotropin-stimulation responses were determined in 33 dogs with perianal fistula; serum immunoglobulin values also were determined in 15 of the 33 dogs. Lymphocytes were stimulated with concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, and phytohemagglutinin and were cultured with medium containing normal pooled canine serum or fresh patient's autologous serum. Initially, lymphocytes from 9 dogs (27.3%) had depressed stimulation responses to greater than or equal to 1 phytomitogen, and 4 of the 9 dogs had absolute lymphopenia. One month after recovery in these 9 dogs, lymphocytes from 4 dogs (66.7%) had normal proliferation responses. Of immunoglobulin determinations in 15 dogs, serum IgA values were 32 to 185 mg/dl (mean, 69 +/- 10 mg/dl) and were low in 2 dogs (13%), and serum IgM values were 48 to 610 mg/dl (mean, 263 to 46 mg/dl) and were high in 8 dogs (53%). Serum IgG values were 1,050 to 3,220 mg/dl (mean, 2,339 +/- 165 mg/dl) and were high in 10 dogs (71%). After thyrotropin stimulation, 1 dog was considered hypothyroid. Neither pathogenesis nor prognosis of canine perianal fistula was clarified via immunoglobulin concentrations or absolute lymphocyte counts. Based on lymphocyte-proliferation assays, suppression of cell-mediated immunity was probably a result of perianal fistula, rather than a cause of the fistula.  相似文献   

10.
建立特殊医学用途婴儿配方食品中乳铁蛋白的高效液相色谱（high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）检测方法。试样中的乳铁蛋白经磷酸盐缓冲液提取,肝素亲和柱净化后,用反相-HPLC分离,以0.1%三氟乙酸和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,HPLC仪紫外检测器检测,外标法定量。结果表明：在乳铁蛋白质量浓度50～500 μg/mL范围内,检测结果呈现良好线性关系;该方法的检出限为5 mg/100 g,定量限为15 mg/100 g,平均回收率为93.9%;同一质量浓度乳铁  相似文献   

11.
The Incstar(R) SPQ II human haptoglobin (Hpt) (Incstar Corporation, Stillwater, MN) immunoturbidimetric assay was validated for the determination of serum and plasma Hpt concentrations in dogs and horses. The anti-human Hpt antiserum supplied with the assay, displayed monospecificity to both dog and horse serum Hpt by immunoelectrophoresis and Western blotting techniques. The automated immunoturbidimetric assay results correlated well with the cyanmethemoglobin binding assay (r=0.953 for canine serum and r=0.941 for equine serum), and had excellent precision at both high and low serum Hpt concentrations (within run and between run coefficients of variation near or less than 5%). The assay was linear in both species by serial dilution of pooled-high serum with pooled-low serum, saline and with Hpt-free serum. Interference from hemolysis (> 25 mg/dl hemoglobin) and lipemia greater than 100 mg/dl caused a false decrease and false increase respectively in Hpt yield with the immunoturbidimetric assay. The anti-Hpt antibody supplied with the assay kit, once diluted with polymer diluent and stored at 4 degrees C, was stable for up to 6 days and gave consistent results.  相似文献   

12.
The aim of the study was to investigate the ability of vitamin C to increase the antioxidative and immunomodulating potential in healthy dogs. Fifteen dogs were tested for the effects of orally administered vitamin E (60 mg dl‐α tocopheryl acetate) in combination with vitamin C (0, 30 or 60 mg ascorbic acid crystalline). Three treatments (0, 30, 60 mg vitamin C) were tested in a 3 × 3 cross‐over study in three periods of 36 days. Pre‐prandial blood samples were taken for analysis of vitamins C, E, A, retinyl palmitate and stearate, antioxidant status [Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and uric acid], biochemical and haematological analysis. Subpopulations of lymphocytes, mitogen‐induced peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation (PBMC) and serum IgA and IgG concentrations were determined. There was a trend (p = 0.056) for an increased plasma vitamin C concentration by vitamin C supplementation. There was no evidence that dietary treatment altered neither the other plasma vitamin concentrations nor TBARS and uric acid concentrations nor the subpopulations of the lymphocytes except for the number of CD4+ lymphocytes that increased with vitamin C supplementation. There was no effect of vitamin C on serum IgA and IgG concentration. A significant time × treatment interaction was demonstrated on PBMC’s to pokeweed, with an increase observed by 30 mg vitamin C supplementation but a decrease by 60 mg vitamin C supplementation. There was no clear evidence for an effect of dietary vitamin C on antioxidative capacity in healthy dogs fed a diet with vitamin E concentrations well above the recommendations. Yet, a limited number of immunological parameters were slightly affected.  相似文献   

13.
Immunoglobulin G, IgM, and IgA concentrations were measured in serum collected from 36 Standardbred mares within 12 hours of foaling, in colostrum collected within 6 hours of foaling, and in serum collected from foals 24 to 48 hours after birth. In serum collected from mares after parturition, mean concentrations of IgG, IgM, and IgA were 2,463.9 +/- 1,337.3 mg/dl, 136.4 +/- 218 mg/dl, and 305.2 +/- 237.5 mg/dl, respectively. In serum from foals, mean concentrations of IgG, IgM, and IgA were 1,953.3 +/- 1,635 mg/dl, 33.8 +/- 30.4 mg/dl, and 58.4 +/- 42.2 mg/dl, respectively. In colostrum, mean concentrations of IgG, IgM, and IgA were 8,911.9 +/- 6,282.2 mg/dl, 957 +/- 1088.1 mg/dl, and 122.9 +/- 77.3 mg/dl, respectively. The IgG concentrations in foal serum were poorly correlated with IgG concentrations in colostrum (r = 0.462, P less than 0.01). Correlations of IgM or IgA concentrations in serum from foals with IgM or IgA concentrations in colostrum and correlations of IgG concentrations in serum from mares with those in colostrum were not significant (P less than 0.01). Of 36 foals, 1 (2.8%) had a serum IgG concentration less than 400 mg/dl. Of 36 foals monitored for 4 months, 6 developed infectious respiratory tract disease requiring antimicrobial therapy at ages varying from 55 to 113 days; these infections were probably not related to failure or partial failure of passive transfer of antibody.  相似文献   

14.
Hyperlipemic serum and plasma samples often are received by clinical laboratories for endocrinologic analysis by radioimmunoassay. We designed a study to determine what effect, if any, hyperlipemia has on estimation of lipid-soluble hormone concentrations determined by solid-phase radioimmunoassays. Progesterone, testosterone, thyroxine, and cortisol concentrations were determined in canine plasma and serum with various degrees of lipemia. Samples of serum, heparinized plasma, and EDTA-treated plasma were obtained from blood collected from 4 female and 4 male Beagles by use of evacuated tubes. To induce hyperlipemia in vitro, IV fat emulsion was diluted in deionized water to produce 0 (water only), 33, 67, or 100% mixtures. Twenty microliters of each mixture then was added to the subsamples of serum and plasma from each dog. Hormone concentrations were determined, using validated radioimmunoassays. Triglyceride concentrations were determined by enzymatic assay. Addition of IV fat emulsion in vitro was an accurate and reproducible means of altering triglyceride concentrations in the samples. Triglyceride concentrations as high as 700 mg/dl had no effect on radioimmunoassays for progesterone, testosterone, and thyroxine in serum, heparinized plasma, or EDTA-treated plasma. Addition of 100% (but not 33 or 67%) fat emulsion reduced the mean cortisol concentration in heparinized plasma by 12% (P less than 0.05). This severe hyperlipemia did not affect quantification of cortisol in serum or EDTA-treated plasma.  相似文献   

15.
Xylazine given IV at doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/kg to mares caused a significant (P less than 0.05) dose-related increase in serum glucose concentration and urine volume. Serum glucose concentrations as much as 150 mg/dl were recorded in mares after they were given the largest xylazine dose. The greatest urine volume, similar to changes in peak glucose concentration, always occurred during the first hour after dosing with xylazine and averaged 1.82, 3.93, and 5.68 ml/kg/hour after the 0.5-, 1.0-, and 1.5-mg/kg doses, respectively, were given. Urine osmolality and specific gravity were significantly (P less than 0.05) inversely related to urine volume. Although serum glucose concentrations were significantly increased above those measured after IV injection of saline solution, significant glucosuria was not detected.  相似文献   

16.
The effects of pregnancy on some biochemical parameters were studied using 20 sexually mature, cycling goats with weight range 20-25 kg. They were randomly separated into two groups of 10 animals each. In one group, oestrus was detected while going round with a buck in the morning and evening; a single buck on detection of oestrus mated the does and the does were tagged as pregnant after confirmation of non-return of oestrus. The other group was kept cycling and tagged as non-pregnant. The mean serum glucose concentration in pregnant does was 63.35 +/- 7.70 mg/dl, significantly lower than 71.59 +/- 1.14 mg/dl for non-pregnant does (p < 0.05); the mean serum cholesterol concentrations were 79.48 +/- 14.93 for pregnant and 67.29 +/- 1.10 for non-pregnant does, with significant difference (p < 0.05). Protein (g/dl), urea (mg/dl), creatinine (mg/dl) and free fatty acid (microequiv/L) remained unchanged between the two groups (p > 0.05), as did the liver enzymes (ALT, AST). Therefore this study showed that low serum glucose and high cholesterol levels are features of mid to late pregnancy in Sahel goats.  相似文献   

17.
建立了乳制品中的叶黄素液相色谱分析方法。样品经丙酮提取后,以甲醇-甲基叔丁基醚为流动相,反相色谱分离,紫外检测器445 nm进行检测,外标法定量。该方法具有良好的准确度和精密度,回收率为86.9%~101.2%,相对标准偏差为2.56%~4.05%,定量检出限0.02 mg/kg,线性范围0.02~4 mg/kg。  相似文献   

18.
A HPLC-FLD method was developed for determination of enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) levels in feces and urine of pig.The pig feces was ultrasonic extracted by acetonitrile-ammonia, then added trichloroacetic acid to make the extraction acidification.The pig urine was acidulated by phosphoric acid and the extraction of feces solution were enriched and purified by solid phase extraction small column, took purification liquid for HPLC analysis.Conditions of HPLC mobile phase was acetonitrile (A):citric acid/ammonium acetate buffer (B), the procedure of gradient elution was 0 to 25 min, A:10% to 40%;25 to 30 min, A:40% to 10%.The detector of fluorescence excitation wavelength was 278 nm, emission wavelength was 465 nm, chromatographic data were measured and recorded.The results showed that the LOD of ENR and CIP were lower than 0.01 mg/L in urine and 0.021 mg/kg in feces, the LOQ of ENR and CIP were lower than 0.03 mg/L in urine and 0.056 mg/kg in feces.ENR and CIP in the concentration of 0.01 to 1.0 mg/mL levels range had good linear relationship, R2 were 0.9994 and 0.9992 in pig urine, respectively;ENR and CIP in the concentration of 0.02 to 2.0 mg/mL levels range had good linear relationship, R2 were 0.9986 and 0.9981 in pig feces, respectively.The recovery ratio of ENR were 79.4% and 88.5%, and the recovery ratio of CIP were 75.8% and 89.9% in pig feces and urine.After get on validation, the method was easy in sample processing and testing, the results were accurate, reliable and high sensitivity, which was a worth promoting detection method.  相似文献   

19.
为了对猪排泄物中恩诺沙星(enrofloxacin,ENR)和环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin,CIP)进行定量检测,试验建立了测定猪粪尿中ENR和CIP含量的高效液相－荧光检测方法。将猪粪经乙腈－氨水超声提取后,加入三氯乙酸酸化,然后分别将经磷酸酸化后的猪尿和提取后的猪粪溶液经固相萃取小柱富集净化,取净化液进行HPLC分析。HPLC流动相为乙腈(A):柠檬酸/乙酸铵缓冲液(B),梯度洗脱:0~25 min,A 10%~40%;25~30 min,A 40%至10%,荧光检测器的激发波长278 nm,发射波长465 nm。结果表明,ENR和CIP 在尿中的最低检测限(LOD)<0.01 mg/L,在粪中的LOD<0.021 mg/kg,在尿中的最低检测限(LOQ)<0.03 mg/L,在粪中LOQ<0.056 mg/kg,猪尿中的ENR和CIP在0.01~1.0 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,R2分别为0.9994和0.9992;猪粪中的ENR和CIP在0.02~2.0 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,R2分别为0.9986和0.9981。ENR在猪粪和猪尿中的回收率分别为79.4%和88.5%,CIP在猪粪和猪尿中的回收率分别为75.8%和89.9%。该方法样品处理简单,检测结果准确可靠,且灵敏度较高,是值得推广的检测方法。  相似文献   

20.
BACKGROUND: Urine creatinine concentration often is used in ratios such as urine protein:creatinine to compensate for dilution or concentration of spot urine samples. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of different techniques of urine creatinine measurement currently available for veterinary practitioners. METHODS: In 104 samples of canine urine diluted 1:20 with distilled water, creatinine concentration was measured using a kinetic Jaffé reaction assay, and an enzymatic technique on an automatic analyzer (Elimat) and 3 benchtop analyzers (Reflovet, Scil; Vitros DT2, Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics; Vettest 8008, IDEXX) used in veterinary practice. RESULTS: The Jaffé and enzymatic techniques on the Elimat were not significantly different, and their inaccuracy tested with human control urines was <5%. The benchtop analyzers underestimated creatinine concentration, especially at concentrations >2000 mg/L. Inaccuracy was higher with multilayer slide technology systems (Vitros and Vettest) than with the Reflovet system. Results were approximately 25% and 2% lower, respectively, than with the Elimat at urine creatinine concentrations about 2000 mg/L. CONCLUSION: Inaccuracy in urine creatinine measurements using benchtop analyzers should be taken into account when defining decision thresholds, which should be corrected according to the method used to avoid misinterpretations.  相似文献   

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