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1.
Effect of nutrient intake on the development of the somatotropic axis and its responsiveness to GH in Holstein bull calves 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We investigated the effect of increasing nutrient intake on the responsiveness of the GH/IGF-I system in calves fed a high-protein milk replacer. Fifty-four Holstein bull calves were fed one of three levels (low, medium, and high; n = 18 per treatment) of a 30% crude protein, 20% fat milk replacer to achieve target rates of gain of 0.50, 0.95, or 1.40 kg/d, respectively, for low, medium, and high. Six calves per treatment were slaughtered at approximately 65, 85, and 105 kg BW. Additionally, six calves were slaughtered at 1 d of age to provide baseline data. Plasma aliquots from blood samples collected weekly were analyzed for IGF-I, insulin, glucose, NEFA, and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN). Plasma IGF-I and insulin, measured weekly, increased (P < 0.001) with greater nutrient intake from wk 2 of life to slaughter. Plasma glucose and NEFA also increased (P < 0.05) with nutrient intake. In addition, each calf underwent a GH challenge beginning 4 d before the scheduled slaughter. Plasma from blood collected before the first GH injection and 14 and 24 h after the third injection was analyzed for IGF-I and PUN. Response to challenge, calculated as the absolute difference between the prechallenge and 14-h postchallenge plasma IGF-I concentrations, was significant in calves on all three treatments. Plasma urea nitrogen was not different among treatments as measured weekly but decreased (P < 0.001) following GH challenge in all calves. Results of ribonuclease protection assays showed increased expression of hepatic mRNA for GH receptor 1A and IGF-I with increased intake. The amounts of GH receptor and IGF-I mRNA in muscle and adipose, however, were not affected by intake. In summary, plasma IGF-I was elevated in calves with increased nutrient intake, and the elevations in plasma IGF-I following short-term administration of GH were significant in all calves by 65 kg BW. Data demonstrate that in well-managed milk-fed calves the somatotropic (GH/IGF-I) axis is functionally coordinated and sensitive to nutrient intake and GH. 相似文献
2.
将22只山羊随机分为5组，即对照组、内毒素血症模型组（内毒素LPS1800EU／kg）、内毒素血症氨基胍组（AG25mg／kg）、大剂量内毒素血症模型组（内毒素LPS5400EU／kg）和大剂量内毒素血症氨基胍组。肉眼观察动物精神状态和粪便的变化；用体温计检测直肠体温；用听诊器记录呼吸频率。结果表明：实验后1～9h，大、小剂量的内毒素（LPS）均使山羊表现出不同程度的精神不振、腹泻、食欲废绝。体温显著升高（P〈0．05），24h后体温恢复正常（P〉0．05）；但氨基胍对内毒素血症时体温的变化无调理作用（P〉0．05）。小剂量LPS和氨基胍对呼吸频率无影响（P〉0．05）；大剂量LPS却显著增加了山羊呼吸频率（P〈0．05），同时氨基胍也显著阻止了呼吸频率的升高（P〈0．05）。揭示体温、呼吸与内毒素剂量存在依赖关系；小剂量的氨基胍（25mg／kg）对内毒素血症时体温变化没有影响，但可明显减少呼吸频率。 相似文献
3.
共轭亚油酸对免疫应激仔猪生长抑制的缓解作用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
试验选用 72头 (2 8± 2 )d断奶的仔猪 ,采用 2× 2因子试验设计 ,研究共轭亚油酸 (CLA)是否有缓解仔猪免疫应激的作用。结果显示 ,添加CLA缓解了因注射脂多糖 (LPS)引起的日增重降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,并改善了试验全期的饲料转化效率 (P <0 .0 5 )。两次LPS刺激后 ,CLA抑制 (P <0 .0 5 )了由LPS诱导的血浆白细胞介素 6 (IL 6 )、肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)和α 乙酰糖蛋白 (AGP)浓度的上升。在第 14d和 2 1d ,LPS刺激提高 (P <0 .0 5 )了血浆IL 1β和皮质醇含量 ,而CLA则降低了IL 1β和皮质醇含量。本试验证明 ,CLA能缓解免疫应激引起的仔猪生长抑制 ,其防止免疫应激诱导的生长抑制作用可能与CLA抑制炎性细胞因子的分泌有关 相似文献
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5.
高产泌乳母猪饲粮蛋白质与赖氨酸参数的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
以产活仔 1 2头以上的经产母猪为对象 ,研究蛋白质水平分别为 1 1 .5 %、1 3 .8%、1 5 .9%、1 8.0 %和2 0 .2 % ,相应的赖氨酸为 0 .61 %、0 .74 %、0 .87%、1 .0 %和 1 .1 2 %的 5种等能饲粮对母猪繁育、泌乳及血浆尿素氮和游离氨基酸含量的影响。结果表明 :随着蛋白质和赖氨酸摄入量的提高 ,母猪泌乳期失重减少 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,泌乳量则显著提高 (P <0 .0 5 )。仔猪 2 0和 3 5日龄的窝重均显著受母猪饲粮营养水平的影响 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1 )。血浆尿素N随蛋白质和赖氨酸水平的提高而提高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但血浆游离氨基酸总含量无显著差异。无论母猪繁育效果和泌乳性 ,均以第 4组饲粮即母猪日摄入蛋白质 868g,赖氨酸 4 8.3g时 ,获得了最佳效果 相似文献
6.
Shiro KUSHIBIKI Hiroyuki SHINGU Rika KAWASAKI Tokushi KOMATSU Fumiaki ITOH Atsushi WATANABE Eiko TOUNO Akinori OSHIBE Kazuo KATOH Yoshiaki OBARA Koichi HODATE 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(3):375-381
One of the biological functions of bovine lactoferrin (LF) is modulation of the host defense system, including cytokine production and immune response. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of oral administration of LF in calves on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced metabolic and hormonal changes in inflammatory response. Thirty Holstein calves at 4 day of age were given one of three oral doses of LF (0, 1, 3 g/day) for 10 days (?10 day to ?1 day). They were injected i.v. with LPS (50 ng/kg bodyweight) the day (day 0) after the end of LF treatment. Plasma samples were obtained on ?10, 0 day (immediately before LPS injection), and at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after LPS injection. Plasma tumor necrosis factor‐α concentrations at 2 h after LPS treatment were lower (P < 0.05) in LF 1 g/day‐fed claves compared with LF 0 g/day (control) calves. On day 0 there were no significant group differences in plasma LF concentration. Plasma concentration of haptoglobin in control calves was elevated by LPS injection. In LF groups, plasma haptoglobin concentrations slightly increased after LPS injection, but those levels at 6–24 h were lower (P < 0.05) than in the control group. The LF treatment inhibited (P < 0.05) the reduction of plasma ferrin concentration in calves following LPS challenge. The concentration of plasma aspartate aminotransferase in calves treated with LF was lower (P < 0.05) than in control calves at 24–96 h after LPS treatment. The concentration of plasma insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) in all groups was decreased by LPS treatment, while in the LF groups the IGF‐1 level was higher (P < 0.05) than in the control group. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and insulin concentrations in LF groups were lower (P < 0.05) than in control calves at 2 h after LPS injection. These data suggest that LF has a substantial anti‐inflammatory effect on the modulation of the host defense system in preruminant calves. 相似文献
7.
The effect of dietary energy restriction on serum insulin, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), growth hormone, (GH), cortisol, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations was examined. Angus bulls and steers (10 mo) were allotted to two groups of 12 animals and assigned a treatment order. In a switchback design, animals in order 1 were fed a high grain diet, then fasted, while order 2 animals were fasted, and then fed. Animals were allowed 60 hr to acclimate between treatments. Serum and plasma were obtained at 20 min intervals and 60 min, respectively, for 6 hr after feeding and for the last 6 hr of a 30 hr fast. Serum was assayed for insulin, IGF-I, GH, and cortisol (total and free). Plasma was assayed for PUN and NEFA. Mean insulin (ng/ml) differed between fed (.95 +/- .08) and fasted (.26 +/- .08) animals (P less than 01). Both mean total and free cortisol (ng/ml) were lower in fed (11.48 +/- .99) (1.06 +/- .12) than in fasted (17.10 +/- .93) (1.62 +/- .12) animals, respectively (P less than .01). Animals in order 1 differed in mean IGF-I (ng/ml) between fed (199.0 +/- 8.0) and fasted (116.5 +/- 7.2) treatments (P less than .01). Mean IGF-I for animals in order 2 was 146.7 +/- 7.2 in fed and 213.9 +/- 7.2 in fasted animals (P less than .01). Mean GH did not differ between treatments. Mean PUN and NEFA were higher in fasted than in fed animals (P less than .01). Except for % free cortisol (P less than .05), the hormones did not differ between bulls and steers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
8.
Meier S Gore PJ Barnett CM Cursons RT Phipps DE Watkins KA Verkerk GA 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2008,34(3):269-277
In this study the hypothesis that irreversible glucose loss results in an 'uncoupling' of the somatotrophic axis (increasing plasma GH levels and decreasing plasma IGF-I) was tested. During periods of negative energy balance the somatotrophic axis respond by increasing plasma GH and decreasing plasma IGF-I levels. In turn, elevated GH repartitions nutrient by increasing lipolysis and protein synthesis, and decreases protein degradation. Irreversible glucose loss was induced using sub-cutaneous injections of phloridizin. Seven non-lactating cows were treated with 8g/day phloridizin (PHZ) and seven control animals (CTRL, 0g/day), while being restricted to a diet of 80% maintenance. PHZ treatment increased urinary glucose excretion (P<0.001), resulting in hypoglycemia (P<0.001). As a response to this glucose loss, the PHZ treated animals had elevated plasma NEFA (P<0.005) and BHBA (P<0.001) levels. Average plasma insulin concentrations were not altered with PHZ treatment (P=0.059). Plasma GH was not different between the two groups (P>0.1), whereas plasma IGF-I levels decreased significantly (P<0.001) with PHZ treatment. The decline in plasma IGF-I concentrations was mirrored by a decrease in the abundance of hepatic IGF-I mRNA (P=0.005), in addition the abundance of hepatic mRNA for both growth hormone receptors (GHR(tot) and GHR(1A)) was also decreased (P<0.05). Therefore, the irreversible glucose loss resulted in a partial 'uncoupling' of the somatotrophic axis, as no increase in plasma GH levels occurred although plasma IGF-I levels, hepatic IGF-I mRNA declined, and the abundance of liver GH receptor mRNA declined. 相似文献
9.
Two experiments compared the efficacies of different treatment frequencies for recombinant equine somatotropin (eST). In Experiment 1, five geldings received daily injections of eST at 20 microg/kg of body weight, and five received every-other-day injections at 40 microg/kg of body weight, for a total of 30 days. Plasma glucose (P=0.0001), insulin (P=0.0135), and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA, P=0.0001) concentrations increased, and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) concentrations decreased (P=0.0001), in both groups, and only minor differences (P<0.05) occurred between the two groups. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations increased (P=0.0001) in both groups over time, and were higher (P<0.05) after day 2 in geldings treated daily. Endogenous somatotropin (ST) response to secretagogue was inhibited (P<0.05) in geldings receiving daily injections relative to those receiving every-other-day injections. In Experiment 2, 16 geldings were allotted to four groups of four. A control group received daily saline injections, and the other three groups received eST at 20 microg/kg of body weight daily as a single injection, two injections (every 12h), or four injections (every 6h), for a total of 14 days. Plasma IGF-I and insulin concentrations increased (P<0.05) in all groups receiving eST, with the responses being proportional to injection frequency. In contrast, PUN concentrations decreased (P<0.05) in all groups equally. In conclusion, the efficacy of daily versus every-other-day injections of eST depends upon the response to be measured, and for IGF-I concentrations, the every-other-day regimen was not acceptable. Injection frequencies greater than once daily were more efficacious for IGF-I and insulin concentrations, but not for PUN concentrations. Thus, the optimum injection regimen for any new application for eST cannot simply be inferred from other biological responses, and will need to be determined empirically. 相似文献
10.
研究N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对脂多糖(LPS)刺激仔猪免疫应激的影响。选取18头健康仔猪,随机分成3个处理(对照组、LPS组和NAC组),每个处理6个重复。对照组和LPS组饲喂基础日粮,NAC组饲喂基础日粮+500 mg/kgNAC。试验期为20 d。LPS组和NAC组于试验第10、13、20天腹膜注射100μg/kg BW的LPS,对照组注射相应剂量的灭菌生理盐水。第10、20天注射LPS后3 h采血,第21天屠宰,取小肠黏膜。结果表明:NAC缓解了LPS刺激导致的血浆和小肠黏膜中TNF-α、IL-6、PGE2含量的升高(P<0.05),缓解了小肠黏膜HSP70相对表达量的升高(P<0.05)。由此可见,日粮中添加500 mg/kg NAC可有效抑制LPS刺激导致的血浆及小肠黏膜中炎性因子的升高,缓解免疫应激。 相似文献
11.
本试验旨在研究N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对脂多糖(LPS)单次刺激仔猪肠黏膜免疫应激的影响。选取24头健康仔猪,随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组和LPS组饲喂基础饲粮,250和500 mg/kg NAC组在基础饲粮中分别添加250和500 mg/kg NAC。试验第17天,LPS组、250和500 mg/kg NAC组仔猪腹膜分别注射100μg/kg BW的LPS,对照组注射相应剂量的灭菌生理盐水。注射后6 h屠宰,取肠黏膜。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加250或500 mg/kg NAC缓解了LPS刺激导致的肠黏膜中白细胞介素-2、白细胞介素-6和前列腺素E2水平的升高及热应激蛋白70(HSP70)表达量的升高(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加250和500 mg/kg NAC可有效抑制LPS刺激导致的肠黏膜中炎性因子的升高,缓解急性免疫应激。 相似文献
12.
N-乙酰半胱氨酸对脂多糖刺激仔猪免疫应激和能量状况的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究旨在N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对脂多糖(LPS)刺激仔猪肝脏免疫应激和能量状况的影响及其机理进行探讨.选取18头健康仔猪(杜洛克×长白×大白,体质量(11.58±0.26)kg),随机分成3个处理(对照组、LPS组和NAC组),每个处理6个重复,每个重复1头猪.对照组和LPS组饲喂基础日粮,NAC组饲喂基础日粮+500 mg·kg-1 NAC,LPS和NAC组仔猪分别于试验的第10、13、20天腹膜注射100 μg·kg-1 BW的LPS,对照组注射等量的灭菌生理盐水.第10、20天注射LPS后3h前腔静脉采血,第21天仔猪麻醉后进行屠宰,取肝脏样品待测.试验结果显示:(1)日粮中添加NAC显著缓解了LPS刺激导致的ADG降低(P＜0.05)和F/G的升高(P ＜0.05).(2)日粮中添加NAC缓解了LPS刺激导致的血浆、肝脏中TNF-α、IL-6和PGE2的升高(P＜0.05).(3)日粮中添加NAC缓解了LPS刺激导致的肝脏核因子-κB(NF-κB)和热休克蛋白70 (HSP70)蛋白表达量的升高(P＜0.05).(4)日粮中添加NAC缓解了LPS刺激导致的肝脏中三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、二磷酸腺昔(ADP)和能荷(EC)水平的降低(P＜0.05)及一磷酸腺苷(AMP)水平和AMP/ATP比值的升高(P＜0.05).由此可见,日粮中添加500 mg·kg-1 NAC可能通过缓解LPS导致的免疫应激和能量的过度损耗,促进仔猪生长. 相似文献
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饲粮粗蛋白质水平对中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性能、氮利用及血液激素的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白质（ＣＰ）水平对中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性能、氮利用及血液激素的影响。采用重复 ４×４拉丁方设计,８头经产中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为 ４个处理。４个处理的饲粮 ＣＰ水平分别为 １２．５６％、１３．９６％、１５．５３％和 １６．９３％。试验分为 ４个周期,每个周期１８ｄ。在 ４ｄ收集期内,全量收集粪、尿,每天测量产奶量、乳成分和干物质摄入量（ＤＭＩ）,并在收集期最后 １ｄ采集血样。结果表明：４个饲粮处理的 ＤＭＩ基本相同（Ｐ＞０．０５）;饲粮 ＣＰ水平１２．５６％的产奶量和能量校正奶（ＥＣＭ）明显低于饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １３．９６％至 １６．９３％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １３．９６％至 １６．９３％的产奶量和 ＥＣＭ 基本相同,其中饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １３．９６％和１６．９３％的产奶量分别为２８．１８和２８．７２ｋｇ／ｄ,ＥＣＭ分别为３２．６４和３２．０４ｋｇ／ｄ;乳成分中仅乳蛋白率随着饲粮 ＣＰ水平增加而提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）;饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １２．５６％和 １３．９６％的乳氮效率明显高于饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １５．５３％和 １６．９３％（Ｐ＜０．０５或 Ｐ＜０．０１）;随着饲粮 ＣＰ水平的提高,尿氮排出量不断增加,乳氮排出量也缓慢上涨,体内氮沉积显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５或 Ｐ＜０．０１）,只有饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １６．９３％的粪氮排出量明显增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）;饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １２．５６％的血液瘦素浓度最高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,催乳素（ＰＲＬ）、生长激素（ＧＨ）、胰岛素样生长因子 １（ＩＧＦ １）、血糖、非酯化脂肪酸（ＮＥＦＡ）和 β－羟丁酸（ＢＨＢＡ）浓度较高;而饲粮 ＣＰ水平 １６．９３％的血浆尿素氮（ＰＵＮ）浓度最高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,胰岛素和 ＧＨ浓度较高,ＩＧＦ １浓度较低。由此可见,饲粮 ＣＰ水平１３．９６％适合中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶量２８ｋｇ／ｄ或 ＥＣＭ３２ｋｇ／ｄ的泌乳性能、氮利用和内分泌调节。 相似文献
14.
本试验旨在探讨香菇多糖对脂多糖(LPS)刺激的仔猪空肠细胞死亡信号通路相关基因表达的影响。选取24头健康的28日龄“杜×长×大”断奶仔猪,平均体重为(8.12±0.19)kg,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验采用2×2因子设计,主因子分别为饲粮处理(基础饲粮或基础饲粮中添加0.02%的香菇多糖)和免疫应激处理(注射生理盐水或LPS)。试验第28天,免疫应激组仔猪腹膜注射100μg/kg体重(BW)的LPS或生理盐水。注射LPS或生理盐水4 h后,仔猪麻醉屠宰,取空肠样品待测。试验期为28 d。结果表明:1)LPS刺激导致仔猪空肠绒毛萎缩,肠上皮脱落,肠道形态受损;饲粮添加香菇多糖缓解了LPS刺激所导致的肠道形态结构损伤。2)LPS刺激显著提高了空肠程序性坏死信号通路关键基因受体互作蛋白激酶3(RIP3)mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.05),显著降低了动力相关蛋白1(Drp1)和混合系列蛋白激酶结构域样蛋白(MLKL)mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.05)。饲粮添加香菇多糖显著降低了空肠程序性坏死信号通路关键基因受体互作蛋白激酶1(RIP1)、Fas死亡结构域相关蛋白(FADD)mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.05)。3)LPS刺激显著降低了空肠焦亡信号通路关键基因凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)、半胱天冬酶(Caspase)⁃1、白细胞介素-18(IL⁃18)以及凋亡信号通路关键基因Caspase⁃9、B淋巴细胞瘤-2相关X蛋白(Bax)mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.05),显著提高了空肠焦亡信号通路关键基因核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)、消皮素D(GSDMD)及凋亡信号通路关键基因Caspase⁃8 mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.05)。饲粮添加香菇多糖显著降低了空肠焦亡信号通路关键基因NLRP3 mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.05)及凋亡信号通路关键基因Caspase⁃9和原癌基因蛋白xl(Bcl⁃xl)mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.05)。4)LPS刺激显著降低了空肠自噬信号通路关键基因自噬相关基因12(Atg12)、微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)和Unc⁃51样激酶1(ULK1)mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.05)。饲粮添加香菇多糖显著降低了空肠自噬信号通路关键基因Atg12、LC3和ULK1 mRNA的相对表达量(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加香菇多糖是通过调控程序性坏死、焦亡和自噬信号通路关键基因,从而维持肠道完整性。 相似文献
15.
We determined the effects of short-term fasting and refeeding on temporal changes in plasma concentrations of leptin, insulin, insulin-like growth factor- 1 (IGF-1), growth hormone (GH), glucose, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), in early lactating cows, non-lactating pregnant cows, and postpubertal heifers. In experiment 1, Holstein cows in early lactation were either fed ad libitum (Control, n=5) or feed deprived for 48 h (Fasted, n=6). Plasma leptin, insulin, and glucose concentrations rapidly declined (P<0.05) within 6h, and IGF-1 by 12h, but all these variables sharply returned to control levels (P>0.10) within 2h of refeeding. Plasma NEFA and GH concentrations were elevated (P<0.05) by 4 and 36 h of fasting and returned to control levels (P>0.10) by 8 and 24h after refeeding, respectively. In experiment 2, four ruminally cannulated pregnant non-lactating Holstein cows were used in a cross-over design and were fasted for 48 h (Fasted) or fasted with partial evacuation of rumen contents (Fasted-Evac). The plasma variables measured did not differ (P>0.10) between Fasted and Fasted-Evac cows. Plasma leptin, insulin, and IGF-1 concentrations were reduced by 10, 6, and 24h of fasting, respectively, in Fasted-Evac cows; and these variables were reduced by 24h in Fasted cows (P<0.05). Plasma glucose levels were reduced (P<0.05) by 48 h of fasting in both groups of fasted animals. Plasma NEFA and GH levels were increased (P<0.05) by 12 and 48 h of fasting, respectively. In experiment 3, postpubertal Holstein heifers were either fed ad libitum (Control, n=4) or feed deprived for 72 h (Fasted, n=5). Concentrations of leptin, insulin, IGF-1, and glucose in plasma were reduced (P<0.05) by 24, 10, 24, and 48 h of fasting, respectively. Plasma NEFA concentrations increased (P<0.05) by 4h, of fasting while GH levels were not significantly (P>0.10) affected by fasting. Collectively, our data provide evidence that plasma leptin concentrations are reduced with short-term fasting and rebound on refeeding in dairy cattle with the response dependent on the physiological state of the animals. Compared to the rapid induction of hypoleptinemia with fasting of early lactation cows, the fasting-induced hypoleptinemia was delayed in non-lactating cows and postpubertal heifers. 相似文献
16.
Frank JW Mellencamp MA Carroll JA Boyd RD Allee GL 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2005,107(3-4):179-187
This study was conducted to evaluate the response of two dam lines of pigs to acute increases of LPS. Acute-phase proteins were also measured to determine their potential use as biological indicators of the immune response. Thirty-six pigs (initial body weight = 21.3 +/- 0.48 kg) were allotted by dam line (Lines 1 and 2) and sex (castrates and gilts) to one of three LPS dose treatments and penned individually. Treatments were a single i.m. injection of 0 (LPS-0), 25 (LPS-25) or 50 microg LPS/kg body weight (BW) (LPS-50). Acute changes in feed intake were related to a pre-injection baseline intake. Feeders were weighed daily to establish baseline feed intake (average daily feed intake -48 to 0 h prior to injection). The acute feed intake response (AFIR) was computed as the average daily feed intake 0-48 h after injection divided by baseline intake. Serum was harvested at time 0 and 48 h after injection. LPS-0 pigs grew faster and consumed more feed than the LPS-25 or LPS-50 pigs (0.79 kg/d versus 0.51 and 0.50 kg/d; 1.15 kg/d versus 0.96 and 0.89 kg/d, respectively; P<0.001). The AFIR of Line 1 castrates and Line 2 gilts was similar for LPS-25 and LPS-50 treatments, while Line 1 gilts and Line 2 castrates had decreased AFIR with increased LPS dose (sex x line x LPS, P<0.05). Three of 18 castrates died but no gilts died following the LPS challenge (P<0.10). Castrates had higher haptoglobin (Hpt) concentrations than gilts on d 0 (18.1 units of absorption/mg of protein versus 13.1 units of absorption/mg of protein; P<0.03). Line 1 pigs had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations than Line 2 pigs (P<0.05) on d 0. LPS treatment did not change serum concentrations of CRP, Hpt or ceruloplasmin (Cp). However, the change in serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration decreased quadratically (from 0 to 48 h) with increasing LPS dose (P<0.02). This change in SAA was negatively correlated with the AFIR (r= -0.80; P<0.001). In general, castrates appear to be more sensitive to endotoxin challenges than gilts. Serum amyloid A, but not the other acute-phase proteins evaluated, was a good biological indicator of immune system activation following an acute lipopolysaccharide challenge when compared to the acute change in feed intake. 相似文献
17.
本试验旨在探究凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI调节脂多糖(LPS)损伤蛋雏鸡肠道作用。选取1日龄京红蛋雏鸡180只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只,重复之间体重接近。空白对照组(CON组)和模型组(LPS组)饲喂基础饲粮,连续灌服生理盐水;3个益生菌组饲喂基础饲粮,同时分别连续灌服低、中、高剂量的凝结芽孢杆菌BC-HYI (浓度分别为106、107、108CFU/mL),连续灌服28 d,28 d后灌服LPS,灌服浓度为2 mg/kg,灌服剂量为200μL/只,试验周期为6 h,分别记为LOW+LPS、MID+LPS、HIGH+LPS组。6 h后采血,剖检、收集蛋雏鸡十二指肠、空肠、回肠肠道组织及空肠黏膜。结果表明：与空白对照组相比,LPS灌服后,蛋雏鸡十二指肠、空肠、回肠的绒隐比以及空肠黏膜黏液蛋白2(MUC2)、闭合蛋白(Occludin)和闭锁小带蛋白-1(ZO-1)mRNA相对表达量显著降低(P<0.05),血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性及D-乳酸(D-Lac)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量,空肠黏膜分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)和白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的含... 相似文献
18.
Thiago N Marins Ana P A Monteiro Xisha Weng Jinru Guo Ruth M Orellana Rivas John K Bernard Dana J Tomlinson Jeff M DeFrain Sha Tao 《Journal of animal science》2020,98(10)
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of evaporative cooling and dietary supplemental Zn source on blood metabolites, insulin and mineral concentrations, and milk mineral concentrations following intramammary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion. Seventy-two multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to one of four treatments with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments included two environments: with or without evaporative cooling using fans and misters over the freestall and feedbunk, and two dietary sources of supplemental Zn: 75 mg/kg of dry matter (DM) supplied by Zn hydroxychloride (inorganic Zn; IOZ) or Zn hydroxychloride (35 mg of Zn/kg of DM) + Zn–Met complex (ZMC; 40 mg of Zn/kg of DM). A subset of cows (n = 16; 263 ± 63 d in milk) was infused with 10 μg of LPS or a saline control in the left or right rear quarters on day 34 of the environmental treatment. Individual milk samples collected from LPS-infused quarters at −4, 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 144 h relative to infusion were analyzed for minerals. Blood samples were collected at the same time with an additional sample collected at 3 h post-infusion to analyze glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin, and minerals. Cooling by time interactions (P ≤ 0.07) were observed for plasma glucose, NEFA, and serum insulin. Compared with cooled cows, non-cooled cows had lower concentrations of plasma glucose except at 3 h following intramammary LPS infusion, greater serum insulin at 3 and 12 h, and lower plasma NEFA at 24 and 48 h after infusion. Relative to cooled cows, non-cooled cows tended (P = 0.07) to have lower serum K concentration and had lower (P < 0.01) serum Zn 6 h following infusion (cooling by time interaction: P < 0.01). Relative to ZMC cows, IOZ cows had greater (P ≤ 0.09) concentrations of plasma Se, skim milk Na and Se, and skim milk Na to K ratio. Regardless of treatment, intramammary LPS infusion reduced (P < 0.01) serum or plasma concentrations of Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Se, but increased (P < 0.01) their concentration in skim milk. In conclusion, deprivation of cooling resulted in more rapid and prolonged insulin release and influenced the systemic and mammary mineral metabolism during mammary inflammation induced by LPS of lactating dairy cows. Dietary supplementation of Zn–Met complex reduced blood and milk Se concentrations compared with cows fed Zn from an inorganic source. 相似文献
19.
Shiro KUSHIBIKI Hiroyuki SHINGU Tokushi KOMATSU Fumiaki ITOH Naoko MORIYA Eiko TOUNO Akinori OSHIBE Koichi HODATE 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(3):258-264
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of oral lactoferrin (LF) administration on lipid metabolism changes in calves given lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Twenty-one 4-day-old Holstein calves were divided into three groups, with each group receiving one of three oral doses of LF (0, 1, 3 g/day) for 10 consecutive days (day −10 to day −1). All calves were intravenously injected with LPS (50 ng/kg BW) on day 0, the day after LF treatment ended. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were lower ( P < 0.05) in the LF-treated calves than in the control calves given 0 g/day of LF at 12 and 24 h after LPS injection. Plasma NEFA concentrations were elevated between 6 and 24 h after LPS treatment. At 12 h, the concentration of plasma NEFA was lower ( P < 0.05) in the calves given LF 3 g/day than in the control calves. On day 0, plasma total cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations tended to be lower in the LF groups administered 1 and 3 g of LF/day than in the control group, but did not differ significantly among the groups. The plasma very-low-density and low-density lipoprotein concentrations were lower ( P < 0.05) at 12, 24, and 72 h in the LF groups than in the control calves. The concentrations of plasma high-density lipoprotein tended to be lower in the LF groups than in the control group between day 0 and 96 h, though there were no significant group differences. The concentration of plasma interleukin-1β was lower ( P < 0.05) in the calves fed LF 3 g/day than in the control calves at 2 and 12–48 h after LPS injection. These data suggest that LF inhibits LPS-induced alterations in lipid metabolism in preruminant calves. 相似文献
20.
Eighteen mature horses were used to study proteins requirements of working horses. Treatments included intense exercise, medium exercise and maintenance in a 3 X 3 factorial arrangement with three levels of calculated dietary crude protein (CP; 8.5, 7.0 and 5.5%). The horses were on the various exercise-protein treatments for 60 d, then fasted 4 d to evaluate their N status after the treatment period. Exercise had no significant effect on body weight over the feeding and fasting periods. No one exercise or protein treatment expressed the classical low plasma albumin or total protein concentrations of protein-deficient or malnourished animals. Plasma urea N (PUN) concentrations reflected the amount of protein in the diet, with the horses fed the high-protein treatment having the highest PUN concentration (P less than .05). Fasting brought about a significant rise in the urinary percentage of urea + NH3 N, with the highest protein treatment excreting the highest percentage (P less than .05). Because plasma protein concentrations were maintained and labile protein reserves were apparently not depleted, it appears that the lowest protein diet containing 1.9 g digestible protein/W.75 was adequate, regardless of work load. 相似文献