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慢病毒跟其他逆转录病毒一样,可以将前病毒基因组持久地整合到感染细胞的染色体上,并且在感染的细胞和子代细胞中表达病毒基因,可以作为将目的外源基因引入细胞的载体.慢病毒不但能够感染分裂状态的细胞,而且还具有感染非分裂细胞的能力,因而,慢病毒载体备受关注.以HIV-1为基础的慢病毒基因转移载体是目前研究最为透彻的慢病毒载体.尽管已经在增加HIV载体的生物安全性和减少产生具备复制能力的病毒方面作了很多改进,但若应用于人类临床试验,仍然存在较大的安全隐患.因此,开发非灵长类慢病毒基因转移载体系统已成为当前研究的热点之一. 相似文献
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慢病毒载体的研究进展及应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
慢病毒载体是近年来受到广泛关注的一种逆转录病毒载体,具有更安全、转移效率高、可将目的基因整合入宿主基因组和可感染非分裂期细胞等优点,因此有望成为理想的基因转移载体,并在临床和生产实践中广泛应用。作者主要以HIV-1为代表对慢病毒载体的构建及其在基因治疗和转基因动物生产中的应用作一综述。 相似文献
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慢病毒载体在制备转基因动物中的最新进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
谭碧君 《上海畜牧兽医通讯》2010,(1):18-19
慢病毒（Lentivirus）属于逆转录病毒科（Retrovidae），为RNA病毒，由于这类病毒的一个重要特点是毒粒中含有依赖RNA的多聚酶即逆转录酶，故现名为逆转录病毒。慢病毒载体（Lentivirus vectors）与简单的逆转录病毒载体相比，具有可感染分裂细胞及非分裂细胞，转移基因片段容量较大，目的基因表达时间长，不易诱发宿主免疫反应等优点，已成为当前制备转基因动物的载体之一。 相似文献
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本研究旨在建立中国流行株人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)衣壳蛋白(Gag)哺乳动物稳定表达细胞系。将HIV-1核心蛋白基因gag和增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因EGFP依次串联插入反转录病毒载体pFB-neo,构建重组反转录病毒载体pFB-gag-EGFP,并与含有辅助病毒gag-pol和env基因的质粒pVPack-GP、pVPack-10A1共转染HEK293T细胞,包装出的反转录病毒感染小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0。荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白EGFP表达,验证HIV-1核心蛋白Gag表达,G418抗性筛选阳性细胞。结果表明,HIV-1核心蛋白Gag和增强型绿色荧光蛋白可在SP2/0细胞中稳定表达,HIV-1核心蛋白gag基因稳定表达细胞系成功建立,为抗AIDS治疗用基因工程制剂及靶向药物的活性检测提供了理想方法。 相似文献
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针对小鼠ERO1α基因构建短发卡RNA(Short hairpin RNA,shRNA)慢病毒载体。根据NCBI中小鼠ERO1α基因序列,设计3条针对ERO1α的shRNA序列和1条阴性对照shRNA序列。将shRNA序列连接到慢病毒载体pCD513B-U6上,同时进行PCR鉴定及测序,分别命名为pCD513B-ERO1α-shRNA和pCD513B-NC-shRNA。将构建好的重组质粒和包装辅助质粒共转染HEK 293T细胞,包装产生慢病毒。将所得病毒悬液进行浓缩,同时梯度稀释转导HEK 293T细胞,检测病毒滴度。浓缩后的慢病毒转导RAW 264.7细胞,通过RT-qPCR和Western blot技术进行有效片段的筛选。之后,将筛选的慢病毒转到多种细胞系或者原代细胞,用RT-qPCR和Western blot技术检测ERO1α基因的表达情况。PCR及测序结果表明,重组慢病毒干扰载体pCD513B-ERO1α-shRNA构建成功,所包装的慢病毒其病毒滴度为5×10~7 TU/mL～10×10~7 TU/mL。RT-qPCR和Western blot结果表明,pCD513B-ERO1α-shRNA-3抑制ERO1α表达的效果最好,干扰效率在80%左右。pCD513B-ERO1α-shRNA-3能够转导多种细胞,并显著抑制ERO1α的表达,干扰效率在70%～90%。成功构建针对小鼠ERO1α基因的shRNA重组慢病毒载体,为进一步研究ERO1α功能奠定了技术基础。 相似文献
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为提高慢病毒载体构建水平,提高转基因整体效率,作者综述了慢病毒载体结构及围绕改善生物安全性、提高目标基因装载量、扩大宿主范围而进行的慢病毒载体改造研究发展历程,指出新型慢病毒载体去除了病毒所有辅助基因,引入了外源调控序列,替换了包膜蛋白,大大提高了慢病毒载体的安全性、基因转移效率和表达效率,使宿主细胞类型更广范,而下游表达载体转染方法的研究又为转基因方法的集成与优化奠定了基础。慢病毒载体制备与多种转基因技术的优化集成,将有助于发展简便、高效、经济的转基因新技术,提高转基因技术的整体水平。 相似文献
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构建禽白血病病毒(ALV)衣壳蛋白p15基因慢病毒表达载体,并检测其在鸡肝癌细胞系(LMH)中的表达情况,以探讨p15基因对病毒复制、免疫信号通路的影响。以真核表达质粒pCAGGS-p15为模板扩增p15全长基因,经双酶切后克隆到慢病毒载体plvx-IRES-ZsGreen1上,构建成plvx-p15-Flag慢病毒表达质粒,将该质粒与辅助质粒共转染293T细胞产生慢病毒,将细胞上清中的病毒感染LMH细胞,检测p15蛋白表达情况。慢病毒载体在293T细胞上包装完成后,病毒滴度为2.25×105 TU/mL。慢病毒感染LMH细胞,基因和蛋白水平检测结果表明,p15蛋白表达良好。表达ALV p15基因的慢病毒包装成功,并且能够感染鸡源LMH细胞。该载体的构建为进一步研究p15蛋白的生物学功能提供工具。 相似文献
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马传染性贫血病病毒(equine infctious anemiavirus EIAV)导致马持续性感染和反复病毒血症,与人免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型(HIV-1)同属反转录病毒科慢病毒属,二者有很多相似的特性[2].EIAV是遗传结构最简单的慢病毒,其感染的潜伏期只有几天至几周,而且在EIAV感染过程中新的抗原变异株的出现与疾病的反复发作相关,这使EIAV有可能作为研究HIV-1分子致病机理及免疫机制的动物模型[3]. 相似文献
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Maud VP Charron Georgette Kluiters Michel Langlais Henri Seegers Matthew Baylis Pauline Ezanno 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):44
Bluetongue (BT) can cause severe livestock losses and large direct and indirect costs for farmers. To propose targeted control strategies as alternative to massive vaccination, there is a need to better understand how BT virus spread in space and time according to local characteristics of host and vector populations. Our objective was to assess, using a modelling approach, how spatiotemporal heterogeneities in abundance and distribution of hosts and vectors impact the occurrence and amplitude of local and regional BT epidemics. We built a reaction–diffusion model accounting for the seasonality in vector abundance and the active dispersal of vectors. Because of the scale chosen, and movement restrictions imposed during epidemics, host movements and wind-induced passive vector movements were neglected. Four levels of complexity were addressed using a theoretical approach, from a homogeneous to a heterogeneous environment in abundance and distribution of hosts and vectors. These scenarios were illustrated using data on abundance and distribution of hosts and vectors in a real geographical area. We have shown that local epidemics can occur earlier and be larger in scale far from the primary case rather than close to it. Moreover, spatial heterogeneities in hosts and vectors delay the epidemic peak and decrease the infection prevalence. The results obtained on a real area confirmed those obtained on a theoretical domain. Although developed to represent BTV spatiotemporal spread, our model can be used to study other vector-borne diseases of animals with a local to regional spread by vector diffusion. 相似文献
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为构建包装含有H1亚型流感病毒HA蛋白的伪型病毒,本研究将人工合成的H1N1流感病毒(A/Califorma/04/2009株)血凝素(Hemagglutinin,HA)基因连接至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1,该重组质粒与表达逆转录病毒相关元件的骨架质粒pHIT111及pHIT60共转染人胚胎肾细胞293T,构建了以鼠白血病病毒为核心、包装含有HA蛋白的伪型病毒.通过对伪病毒感染细胞中LacZ报告基因表达产物的检测,证明伪病毒可以感染MDCK细胞;同时其感染过程可被流感病毒免疫后的小鼠阳性血清所阻断,表明该伪型病毒可模拟野生型病毒完成对宿主细胞的感染过程.本研究所构建的伪病毒系统为研究H1亚型流感病毒HA蛋白抗原特性及新型中和抗体检测方法的建立提供了理想的工具. 相似文献
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Mariko Okamoto Ai Asamura Ko Tanaka Takefumi Soeda Kyo Watanabe Hiroyuki Mizuguchi Teruo Ikeda 《Veterinary research communications》2016,40(3-4):131-139
Adenovirus (Ad) vectors are widely used in cancer gene therapies. However, compared to human patients, relatively limited information is available on gene transduction efficiency or cell-specific cytotoxicity in canine tumor cells transduced with Ad vectors. Since epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed on canine breast tumor cells, we sought to develop an Ad vector based on the RGD fiber-mutant adenovirus vector (AdRGD) that expresses canine caspase 3 under the control of EGFR promoter. The aims of this study were to achieve high transduction efficiency with transgene expression restricted to canine breast tumor cells. Using EGFR promoter-driven AdRGD, we were able to restrict transgene expression to canine breast tumor cells with no evidence of expression in normal cells. Canine breast tumor cells transduced with EGFR promoter-driven AdRGD carrying canine caspase 3 gene showed cytotoxic activity. We constructed a second AdRGD vector that expressed oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD)-caspase 3 under the control of the EGFR promoter; the fusion protein contains a core part of the ODD domain of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) fused to caspase 3. Transduction of canine breast tumor cells with EGFR promoter-driven AdRGD expressing ODD-caspase 3 induced a higher rate of cell death under hypoxic conditions compared with under normoxia. The results indicate that the EGFR promoter-driven AdRGD vectors will be of value for tumor-specific transgene expression and safe cancer gene therapy in dogs. 相似文献
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Dog heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) is dependent on mosquito vectors for its maintenance and transmission among vertebrate hosts. Consequently, D. immitis abundance and distribution are closely linked with mosquito vector biology and ecology. Information on the important dog heartworm vectors in the United States is limited and no comprehensive surveillance of dog heartworm in US mosquitoes has been undertaken to date. Here, we review information gleaned from a number of field surveys documenting heartworm presence in wild mosquito populations as well as laboratory assessments of mosquito vector capacity. Various biological and ecological factors likely contribute to the relative importance of different vector species. We describe some of these factors, rank the leading criteria for efficient vectors, and present the most likely vector species found across the United States. Considering the recent emergence of drug resistance among D. immitis strains, practical knowledge of heartworm vector biology and control should be incorporated into heartworm disease management programs. We conclude by proposing that heartworm control would benefit by targeting mosquito vectors, and we suggest ways in which veterinarians can incorporate the recognition of vector importance into heartworm prevention recommendations imparted to clients. 相似文献
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动物腺病毒载体的研究进展 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
腺病毒载体已成为近年来在基因治疗和重组疫苗研究方面的热点 ,文章较详细地叙述了腺病毒载体的构建基础、腺病毒载体的构建方法和各类动物腺病毒载体的研究现状以及腺病毒载体在应用时遇到的免疫学问题。并依据现有的腺病毒活载体的研究现状 ,讨论了动物腺病毒载体的发展趋势 ,提出在人类腺病毒载体应用遇到的免疫学问题上 ,某些动物腺病毒载体将具有独特的潜力 相似文献