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1.
模拟酸雨对盆栽马尾松叶片光合特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用LI-6400XT便携式光合测定仪,对缙云山马尾松在不同强度酸雨(pH 5.6,pH 5.0,pH 4.0,pH3.5,pH 3.0,pH 2.5和pH 2.0)下的光合特性进行测定。结果表明:pH 3.5～5.6的酸雨处理条件下,净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度受酸雨影响不明显,从pH 3.0或pH 2.5开始出现明显的降低趋势,且pH2.0出现不同于前几种处理的日变化趋势;从水分利用效率分析,酸雨胁迫对其影响不明显;pH 4.0～5.6的酸雨处理条件下,最大净光合速率、光饱和点和光补偿点变化不明显,从pH 3.5开始出现显著降低的趋势,且在pH 2.0时受酸雨影响已经非常明显,无法模拟出最大净光合速率、光饱和点和光补偿点;总体分析,酸雨对马尾松叶片光合特性的影响临界范围为pH 3.5～4.0,酸雨对马尾松幼苗致命的影响临界范围为pH 2.0～2.5。 相似文献
2.
镧对酸雨胁迫下高粱种子萌发及POD活性和MDA含量的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
本文以高粱"熊杂9号"为对象,采用模拟酸雨伤害的常规种子实验方法,研究稀土镧对酸雨胁迫下高梁种子萌发及过氧化物酶(POD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果显示,12 mg·L-1La(Ⅲ)浸种后,可明显缓解酸雨对高梁种子萌发的抑制作用,高粱种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数较未处理组升高,而异状发芽率降低,pH 2.5时变化幅度最明显.pH 2.0时由于酸雨使种子内部结构严重破坏,La(Ⅲ)的加入已无法缓解酸雨引发的伤害.La(Ⅲ)处理组MDA含量和POD活性均低于未处理组.上述结果表明,La(Ⅲ)可通过调节POD活性减轻酸雨胁迫引发的膜脂过氧化,缓解酸雨对种子萌发的抑制作用. 相似文献
3.
水稻种子萌发对酸雨胁迫的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大量研究表明[1,2,9],一定pH酸雨能够抑制花生、水稻、小麦及油菜种子的萌发,且酸雨胁迫下,水稻(Oryza sativa)种子的发芽率、发芽势、活力指数、发芽指数及异状发芽率等萌发指标皆随酸雨胁迫强度与胁迫时间的改变而变化,但引发上述萌发指标变化的内在原因尚不明晰。为此研究了水稻种子萌发生理生化反应对酸雨胁迫的响应,为诠释酸雨胁迫影响水稻种子萌发的深层原因提供依据。1试验材料与方法模拟酸雨(含离子构成,以下简称酸雨)配制时先配制pH 1·0酸雨母液,其中硫酸根和硝酸根体积比为4·7∶1。用蒸馏水将母液调制成pH 2·5、3·0、3·5、… 相似文献
4.
木麻黄幼苗渗透调节物对酸雨胁迫的响应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对模拟pH2 .5～4 .5酸雨胁迫3个月后木麻黄幼苗渗透调节物含量测定结果表明,pH4 .0～4 .5酸雨胁迫后木麻黄幼苗小枝可溶性糖含量显著低于对照,但(pH2 .5～3.5 )酸雨胁迫后其含量显著高于对照;与对照相比酸雨胁迫使木麻黄幼苗小枝可溶性蛋白质含量增加,游离脯氨酸和谷胱甘肽含量则极显著增加。酸雨胁迫下木麻黄幼苗具有积累较高浓度的有机渗透调节物及改善渗透调节的生理应答能力 相似文献
5.
在田间试验条件下,研究了模拟酸雨胁迫对菠菜中草酸积累及相关营养品质的影响,旨在为优质蔬菜生产提供一定的理论依据。结果表明,经酸雨胁迫处理后菠菜根、叶柄和叶片等器官中草酸的积累量均明显增加,并与酸雨pH值呈显著负相关(r =-0.93*、-0.88*、-0.86*),同对照相比,pH5.0,pH4.0和pH3.0处理增幅分别高达81.2%、147.8%和158.5%;菠菜中蛋白质、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖、Vc等营养成分的含量随着酸雨pH值的减小而逐渐降低,其降幅可分别高达44.98%、64.58%、44.98%和63.23%,不同pH模拟酸雨胁迫下多种营养成分含量的差异达到极显著水平(P< 0.01)。酸雨胁迫会导致菠菜营养及卫生品质劣变。 相似文献
6.
试验研究钐-甘氨酸-维生素B_6(Sm-Gly-VB_6)对模拟酸雨伤害大豆幼苗的防护作用结果表明,在pH2.5酸雨胁迫下大豆幼苗叶绿素含量减少,叶绿素a/b值下降,细胞质膜透性增加,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降。而同一强度酸雨胁迫下经50mg/kg Sm-Gly-VB_6预处理的大豆幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、细胞质膜透性与过氧化氢酶活性损伤较轻,对酸雨伤害大豆幼苗有一定缓解效应。 相似文献
7.
采用叶面喷洒模拟酸雨方法,研究了30种草本观赏植物对酸雨急性伤害的反应。试验结果表明,随酸雨胁迫强度增强,多数草本观赏植物叶片伤斑面积加大。当酸雨pH达2．0时,所有植物叶片均出现伤斑,其中近半数种类叶片伤斑面积>20％。30种草本观赏植物中敏感植物3种,占10．0％;抗性植物17种,占56．67％;中等抗性植物10种,占33．33％。在设定的酸雨胁迫强度(pH 2．0～3．5)下,多数植物的伤害阈值可被确定,惟有羽衣甘蓝、三色堇和葱兰在pH 2．0酸雨胁迫下仍无法确定其伤害阈值,表明此3种草本观赏植物对酸雨有极强抗性。试验表明30种受试草本观赏植物抗酸雨能力强弱与叶片细胞pH变化有关,即叶片细胞pH缓冲能力影响了酸雨对叶片的表观伤害效应。 相似文献
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9.
镧对西葫芦幼苗模拟酸雨胁迫的缓解效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以西葫芦为材料, 研究了模拟酸雨胁迫下适量镧（La）对幼苗生长及叶绿素、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量的影响。结果显示, 镧处理对酸雨胁迫有一定的缓解作用. 在pH 3.5和3.0 时,幼苗鲜重均显著高于模拟酸雨组,并恢复到对照的94.7%和78.6%;但在其他胁迫强度下, 镧处理的缓解效应不显著。叶绿素和可溶性蛋白的含量变化与幼苗鲜重类似,在pH 3.0时镧处理的缓解效应最显著;pH 3.5时镧处理的可溶性蛋白含量超过对照。脯氨酸含量呈现持续上升趋势,且镧处理可增加脯氨酸的积累,但只有pH 3.5和3.0 时显著高于模拟酸雨组。表明镧处理只对中强模拟酸雨胁迫有显著的缓解效应。 相似文献
10.
模拟酸雨对施肥条件下赤红壤氮磷淋失特征的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过土柱模拟淋洗试验,研究了施用等量有机复合肥条件下,不同酸度模拟酸雨对赤红壤氮磷淋失特征的影响。结果表明,铵态氮、硝态氮、无机氮和总氮淋失量均随酸雨pH值增大而下降;pH 2.0模拟酸雨和对照(pH 6.5)的无机氮和总氮淋失量差异不显著,但均显著高于pH 3.0、pH 4.0和pH 5.0酸雨;pH 5.0模拟酸雨无机氮和总氮淋失量均最低,表明强酸性酸雨和中性淋洗液均促进氮淋失,而酸度与土壤接近的酸雨减少氮淋失。与对照相比,模拟酸雨对DP淋失无显著影响,但显著降低PP和TP淋失;不同模拟酸雨各形态磷淋失量均无显著差异,表明酸雨对赤红壤磷淋失影响有限。酸雨对淋滤液氮磷浓度动态变化和氮磷累计淋失量动态变化等均无显著影响。 相似文献
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12.
采用人工模拟酸雨的实验设计,以国家农业地理标志产品香青菜（Brassica chinensis L.）为实验材料,以叶片喷施蒸馏水为对照（CK）,设置直接喷施pH3.0的酸雨（SY）和10mg·L−1浓度五酸钾溶液预处理后再喷施pH3.0的酸雨（WS）两个处理组。测定并比较分析各处理组香青菜根系活力、质膜透性（MP）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、超氧阴离子自由基产生速率和脯氨酸（PRO）含量,研究酸雨胁迫对香青菜主要生理指标的影响和五酸钾对酸雨胁迫伤害香青菜的缓解效应,从而探索五酸钾对酸雨胁迫下植物幼苗的防护效果。结果表明,叶面喷施浓度10mg·L−1的五酸钾溶液能够显著提高酸雨胁迫下香青菜根系活力、CAT活性,保护了细胞质膜,有效降低香青菜体内PRO含量及超氧阴离子自由基产生速率。说明五酸钾可缓解酸雨对香青菜的生理伤害,对提高香青菜抗酸雨伤害能力具有优良效果。 相似文献
13.
以中性溶液（pH=7.0）为对照,研究了pH值为1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0和6.0模拟酸雨对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长各指标随着pH值的降低而降低,弱酸（pH5.0～6.0）条件下小麦种子能够正常萌发和生长,种子萌发和幼苗生长各指标与对照没有显著差异（P > 0.05）;在pH低于5.0时,小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长严重受阻,种子萌发和幼苗生长各指标均显著低于对照（P < 0.05）;pH为1.0时,小麦种子则完全失去活性;不同pH值模拟酸雨胁迫对小麦幼苗生理指标影响较大,叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、保护酶（SOD,POD,CAT）和非保护酶（PPO,PAL）活性随酸性的增强呈降低趋势,而相对电导率和丙二醛（MDA）含量呈上升趋势。综合分析认为,小麦幼苗生长比种子萌发对模拟酸雨的响应更为敏感。 相似文献
14.
Stefano Cervelli Fernando di Giovanni Amalia Perna Gianniantonio Petruzzelli 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1989,45(1-2):173-181
Soybean seedlings (Glycine max) were exposed to simulated acid rain containing sulfate ion only or a mixture of sulfate, nitrate and chloride anions, using a continuous rain generating system in a side opened glasshouse. Plants were subjected to acid rain treatment twice a week, for a 1 or 3 hr period at a rate of 2.2 or 5.0 mm hr?1, respectively. Dry seed yield in plants treated with simulated acid rain at pH 2.0, in the three of 4 experiments conducted over a 3 yr period, was significantly less than that at pH 3.0 or higher. Simulated acid rain treatment at pH 3.0 or higher did not significantly affect yield compared to pH 5.6; however, plants exposed to simulated acid rain at pH 4.0 tended to yield more than those treated with pH 5.6 rain. Based on the current 3 years of research in which results from 4 experiments were combined, rain acidity at current levels in Japan would not directly affect seed production of selected cultivars of soybean. 相似文献
15.
Seeds of red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. and Zucc.) were sown in red-yellow soil artificially adjusted to pH (H2O) 4.10, 4.60 or 5.90 by adding H2SO4 solution to the soil (pH 5.90), and the three-month seedlings were exposed to simulated acid rain at pH 2.0, 3.0 or 5.6 for 10 minutes once, 3 times a week, for 12 months from 4 August 1994 to 3 August 1995 alone or in combination. Significant interactive effects between acid rain and soil acidification on growth and whole-plant net photosynthetic rate, and cold death ratio of new apical shoots following a cold snap were observed in a quadratic response pattern. The simulated acid rain increased budburst, new needle spread and elongation, and new apical shoot death percentage following a cold snap, but did not induce visible injury. In the highest soil acidity treatment at a soil pH 4.1, whole-plant net photosynthetic rate and seedling height exhibited a quadratic responses with increasing rain acidities. On the other hand, soil acidification caused leaf yellowing. The death percentage of new apical shoot of seedlings exposed to rain pH 2.0 following a cold snap was linearly enlarged with increasing soil acidities. With increasing soil acidity, height and whole-plant net photosynthesis of the seedlings exposed to rain pH 3.0 exhibited a linear increase response, while height of seedlings exposed to control rain exhibited a quadratic response. It is suggested that the results provide experimental evidency for phenological disturbances and an enhancement of frost risk by direct acid rain and indirect longterm soil acidification which may be significant in forest decline. 相似文献
16.
模拟酸雨对不同园林植物叶片生理生态特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用盆栽方法,以自来水（pH值6.5）作为对照,研究了pH值为1.7,3.0,4.3,5.6模拟酸雨条件下新梢增长量、叶片损伤程度和叶片生理生态特性,并分析了园林植物对酸雨污染的敏感性反应。结果表明:不同pH值的酸雨对园林植物新叶片有不同程度的抑制,酸雨的酸度越大,对园林植物叶片的伤害越大,以pH值1.7的模拟酸雨对园林植物叶片的伤害最为严重,pH值5.6伤害较为轻微,但不同种类之间对酸雨的抗性有明显差异;pH值4.3~5.6处理对园林植物新梢生长率没有显著的影响和抑制作用,而pH值小于3.0处理则严重抑制了园林植物新梢生长;随模拟酸雨强度的增强,园林植物叶片的细胞质膜透性和丙二醛（MDA）含量逐渐升高,当pH值小于3.0时,细胞质膜透性和丙二醛（MDA）含量则急剧增加,当pH值为1.7时,不同园林植物叶片则严重受损;园林植物叶片叶绿素含量、叶片N和P含量随酸雨强度的增加逐渐降低,当pH值小于3.0时,园林植物叶片叶绿素含量、叶片N和P含量则急剧降低,当pH值为1.7时,不同园林植物叶片则严重受损;相关分析表明,酸雨增加了园林植物对环境的敏感性。园林植物对酸雨具有较强的抵抗能力,对园林植物生理活动影响的阈值pH值大致介于3.0~4.3,因此,本研究的6种园林植物可以作为酸雨灾害严重地区园林绿化及植被构建的物种。 相似文献
17.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(10):1382-1400
The impacts of simulated acid rain on leachability of major plant nutrients, toxic element [aluminum (Al)], and acidity development in highly weathered tropical soils of Thailand were studied. Leaching experiments were conducted on soil columns with acidic solutions of pH 5.0, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, and with water of pH 7.0 as a control treatment. Leaching losses of base cations from all soils increased with the decrease in pH associated with simulated acid rain (SAR) additions, and were found to be quite high under SAR with pH 2.0. The leaching removal of these cations was lesser at pH 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 but greater than that in pH 7.0. The leaching of base cation from the soils depended not only on acid rain pH but also on soil properties, especially cation exchange capacity, soil texture, and initial base content. The significant losses of major plant nutrients [such as potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+)] from the plant root zone over extended periods could cause nutrient imbalance and lower soil productivity. 相似文献
18.
Silicon(Si) has a significant function in reducing abiotic stresses on plants. pH stress is one of abiotic stresses. We investigated the effects of silicon on maize seedlings under pH stress. The results showed that incorporation of Si (2.0?mM (mmol)) into pH 3.0 increased the growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, decreased catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content. The combined treatments with Si (8.0?mM) and pH 3.0 decreased the maize growth compare with the single pH (3.0). Incorporation of Si (2.0 or 8.0?mM) into pH 8.0 were obviously unchanged compare with the single pH (8.0). The combined or single effects of Si (2.0 or 8.0?mM) and pH (3.0 or 8.0) on germination percentage were negligible. The application of Si (2.0?mM) could be a better strategy for improving the plant growth and alleviating low pH stress in soil. 相似文献
19.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(5):641-651
The mutual effects of boron (B) and zinc (Zn) on growth, total chlorophyll (Chl), membrane permeability (MP), and nutrient content were investigated in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The soil was treated with five levels of B (0, 4, 8, 16, 32 mg kg?1) and three levels of Zn (0, 10, 20 mg kg?1). Plant growth was progressively depressed with increasing of B. However, Zn addition had an inhibitory effect on B toxicity and decreased growth reduction caused by excess B. In Zn-untreated plants, B and Zn contents were enhanced by increasing of B; moreover, both Zn and B addition enhanced Zn content. The Chl content decreased and MP increased, resulting from B toxicity; however, Zn addition partially ameliorated the adverse effects of B toxicity on Chl and MP. Increasing B enhanced phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), Zn, copper (Cu), and sodium (Na) contents in peanut shoots. 相似文献