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1.
W. E. Barbeau K. W. Hilu 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1993,43(2):97-104
Two wild and eight domesticated cultivars of finger millet were analyzed to determine their proximate composition and calcium, iron, and amino acid content. Wide variations were observed in the protein (mean values ranged from 7.5 to 11.7%), calcium (376 to 515 mg/100 g), and iron (3.7 to 6.8 mg/100 g) content of the wild and domesticated cultivars. A wild progenitor of finger millet, Ecoracana subsp.africana was significantly higher in protein than four of the six domesticated accessions analyzed. The calcium and iron content of the wild progenitor was also significantly greater than that of two domesticated cultivars. The wild species was also found to be higher in lysine and five other essential amino acids. These results indicate that the nutritional value of finger millet may be significantly improved by selective crossbreeding of the cereal's wild and domesticated cultivars. 相似文献
2.
Oats have been found to be tolerated by most celiac disease patients, and oats are generally considered a good and safe addition to the gluten-free diet. There have been claims that some individual oat cultivars are harmful or immunogenic for celiac disease patients. In this study, we investigated 26 oat cultivars and landraces from the current breeding market and literature. Their total protein content ranged from 15.3% to 23.1% of which avenins ranged from 6.8% to 10.9%. Immunological activities of avenins were evaluated using immunochemical analyses using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) R5 and G12. No immunological activity of the oat cultivars was observed by mAb R5 either in immunoblotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). mAB G12 showed no activity in immunoblotting, but gave responses between 13 and 53 mg/kg in ELISA for total avenin extract. To understand the varying G12 activity, avenins were further fractionated. One avenin fraction showed a higher G12 response than the other fractions. Protein sequence comparison suggests that there is no direct binding to avenin-specific T-cell epitopes but the differences in repetitive regions in avenins may contribute to varying results in G12 ELISA. 相似文献
3.
Z. Zdunczyk I. Godycka R. Amarowicz 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1997,50(1):37-45
The seeds of 15 Polish pea varieties contained from 221 to 281 g/kg crude protein with a mean of 240.2±3.5 g/kg dry matter
(DM). The weight of 1000 pea seeds, depending on cultivar, ranged from 209.4 to 280.4 g. No interactive effect between the
seed mass and the crude protein content was detected. The highest significant negative correlation between weight of seeds
and dietary fiber content wasr=−0.815XX. The content of dietary fiber ranged from 161.5 to 209.9 g/kg with a mean of 187.9±3.8 g/kg. The mean gross energy of seeds
was 18.1±0.28 MJ/kg. Amino acid composition of all the cultivars was similar, which was indicated by a similar index of essential
amino acids (EAAI) of about 69.7±0.25. Trypsin inhibitor content in seeds was from 2.83 to 7.32 TIU/mg and the content of
phytates ranged from 6.32 to 13.36 mg/g DM. The mean content of polyphenols and flavanols in analysed pea cultivars was 0.92
amd 0.46 mg/g, respectively. In the seeds of most cultivars little or no pyrimidine glucosides, i.e. vicine and convicine,
were found. The overall mean oligosaccharide content was 64.3±1.8 g/kg, of which α-galactosides were 46.8±2.0 g/kg. The antinutritional
factor content was not significantly correlated with protein content. No statistical relationship was found between crude
protein and dietary fiber content. It was observed that pea cultivars with higher trypsin inhibitor activity contained significantly
less flavanols (r=−0.607X) and α-galactosides (r=−0.617X). The varieties with higher seed content of dietary fiber contained the highest amount of α-galactosides (r=0.514X). 相似文献
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6.
M. Akmal Khan Iftikhar A. Rana Ihsan Ullah 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1987,37(3):253-260
The nutritive value of some commercial wheat varieties grown in Pakistan was measured chemically, including amino acid analysis, and biologically in N-balance experiments with growing rats. The protein content ranged from 13.2% in Punjab-83 to 16% in Barani-83. Lysine per 100g protein varied between 2.46 and 2.75%. The available carbohydrate ranged from 67.3 to 74.7%. Iron content was highest in Sonalika while the concentration of zinc and manganese was highest in Sarhad-82. The protein digestibility (TD), biological value (BV) and net protein utilisation (NPU) varied between 92–95%, 56–68% and 53–65% respectively. Level of wheat protein was negatively correlated with available carbohydrate (r=–0.93), lysine per unit protein (r=–0.67) and BV (r=–0.76). The lysine content (g/16gN) of commercial wheat varieties showed a positive correlation (r=+0.95) with the BV. The protein quality was lowered in varieties having higher content of protein. 相似文献
7.
Angela L. Dennett Peter R. Schofield Jeremy E. Roake Neil K. Howes James Chin 《Journal of Cereal Science》2009,49(3):393-397
Triticale (× Triticosecale Whittmack) and Triticum timopheevii have undergone little selection relative to other grains for quality characters, including starch amylose content. Using starch swelling power (SSP) in water and spectrophotometric analysis of the iodine binding ratio, 247 lines of triticale and 20 lines of T. timopheevii were screened for amylose content. Following this, the expression of the starch-forming protein granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) in triticale was investigated by SDS-PAGE in the eight highest and eight lowest SSP lines. A strong correlation (R2 = 0.8174) was found between iodine binding and SSP. The SSP of T. timopheevii lines ranged from 13.7 to 16.7, indicating an approximate range of amylose content from 28.1 to 33.8%: a small range within typical results from commercial wheat cultivars. The SSP of triticale ranged from 12.5 to 23.6 suggesting amylose content ranged from 12.8 to 35.1%: a much wider range reflecting the contribution of both the wheat and rye genomes. It appeared that expression of GBSS-4A was down-regulated in low amylose lines. Therefore there is significant potential to select for amylose content in triticale to increase quality in both the animal and human feed markets. 相似文献
8.
Sanni A.I. Asiedu M. Ayernor G.S. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2001,56(3):217-223
The effect of germination, cowpea fortification and fermentation on thechemical and amino acid composition of ogi-baba, a Nigerian fermented sorghum gruelwas investigated. The lowest protein value of 1.4% was obtained in the traditionally preparedsample, while samples prepared from germinated, fortified sorghum had 13%. The ash ranged from 0.9% to above 2%, while the fat was in the range of 1.2% to2.8%. Generally, fortification, in addition to germination, improved the chemicalcomposition of ogi-baba relative to the control sample. There was improvement in the amino acidprofile of all the ogi-baba samples compared to the unprocessed sorghum grains.Lysine, a limiting amino acid in sorghum, increased more than 50% in ogi-baba. However, samples prepared using germinated sorghum without the addition of cowpeas hada lower lysine content. 相似文献
9.
选育低黄色素含量品种是宁夏小麦品质改良的重要目标之一。为阐明宁夏小麦中控制籽粒黄色素含量基因TaZds-A1和TaZds-D1的组成及分布特点,利用其功能标记YP2A-1和YP2D-1对91份小麦品种进行检测与分析。结果表明,在TaZds-A1位点,等位变异TaZds-A1a(与低黄色素含量相关)和TaZdsA1b(与高黄色素含量相关)分别占59.3%和40.7%;在TaZds-D1位点,等位变异TaZds-D1a(与高黄色素含量相关)占95.6%,TaZds-D1b(与低黄色素含量相关)仅占4.4%。宁夏小麦黄色素含量基因位点存在4种等位变异组合类型:以TaZds-A1a/TaZds-D1a(57.1%)组合类型为主,TaZds-A1b/TaZds-D1a(38.5%)组合类型次之,TaZds-A1a/TaZds-D1b和TaZds-A1b/TaZds-D1b组合类型最低(2.2%);不同等位变异组合类型在不同地区间的分布比例也不同。 相似文献
10.
Different hulled barley cultivars were subjected to roasting in hot sand (280 °C) and the effects on β-glucan extractability, physico-chemical, thermal and pasting properties were studied. The grain puffed upon roasting and grain hardness and colour difference ΔE were significantly lowered. The roasted barley flour had significantly higher water absorption and water solubility index. The cultivars DWR-28, RD-2503 and PL-172 had the highest total β-glucan content (up to 5.47%). Roasting brought about a decrease in the soluble β-glucan content in all the cultivars and this decrease ranged from 4.9 to 25.3%. The β-glucan extractability was not affected by the roasting process but roasting lowered the ratio of soluble to insoluble β-glucan content by 8.1–41.9%. Roasting significantly affected the pasting and thermal properties of the flours, together with an increase in the cooked starch content that ranged from 28.8 to 43.1%. 相似文献
11.
Rocha Ribeiro SM Queiroz JH Lopes Ribeiro de Queiroz ME Campos FM Pinheiro Sant'ana HM 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2007,62(1):13-17
This work was carried out to investigate the pulp composition of four mango cultivars (Haden, Tommy Atkins and Ubá) at the
ripening stage in relation to three components with antioxidant potential (total phenolics, carotenoids and ascorbic acid).
Total phenolic compound content was estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and total carotenoid content by spectrophotometry
at 450 nm. The contents of β-carotene and total vitamin C (ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid) were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography.
Differences were found among the four mango cultivars in all the components analyzed. The content of phenolic compounds ranged
from 48.40 (Haden) to 208.70 mg/100 g (Ubá); total carotenoid from 1.91 (Haden) to 2.63 mg/100 g (Palmer); β-carotene from 661.27 (Palmer) to 2,220 μg/100 g (Ubá) and total ascorbic acid ranged from 9.79 (Tommy Atkins) to 77.71 mg/100 g
(Ubá). These results corroborated previous information that mangoes are a good source of antioxidants in human diet. 相似文献
12.
J. P. D. Wanasundera G. Ravindran 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1994,46(1):33-39
The nutrient and antinutrient components of tubers from seven cultivars ofDioscorea alata were determined. The average crude protein content ofD. alata tubers was 7.4%. Starch (75.6–84.3%) was the predominant fraction of the tuber dry matter. Significant differences in crude protein and starch contents were observed among cultivars. Vitamin C content of the yam tubers ranged from 13.0 to 24.7 mg/100 g fresh weight. The results showed yams to be reasonably good sources of minerals. Phytic acid contents of the yams were low, with values ranging from 58.6 to 198.0 mg/100 g dry matter. Total oxalate levels in yam tubers were found to be in the range of 486–781 mg/100 g dry matter, but may not constitute a nutritional concern since 50–75% of the oxalates were in the water-soluble form. The overall results are suggestive of the nutritional superiority of yams compared to other tropical root crops. 相似文献
13.
江淮稻区不同生态型粳稻品种的籼粳分化度和遗传多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
摘要： 利用25对籼粳特异性SSR标记分析81份江淮稻区不同生态型粳稻品种籼粳分化程度,品种TDj值变异幅度为0773~0962,以中熟中粳类型品种最高,晚粳类型品种最低。49对多态性SSR引物共检测到131个等位基因,每个位点为2~5个,平均为267个; 多态性信息量（PIC）为0068~0657,平均为0362,第11染色体平均位点等位基因数和平均PIC值最高。在三个生态型粳稻品种群体中,中熟中粳品种检测出的等位基因数最多,而迟熟中粳品种的平均位点PIC值和Nei基因多样性指数（He）均高于中熟中粳和晚粳品种,表明在DNA水平上迟熟中粳品种的遗传多样性高于中熟中粳和晚粳品种。中熟中粳与迟熟中粳群体之间的遗传相似性最高,遗传距离最近,而中熟中粳与晚粳群体之间的遗传相似性最低,遗传距离最远。UPGMA聚类结果表明,同一育种单位育成品种的品种间遗传距离较小,亲缘关系较近。 相似文献
14.
Seed nitrogen content, protein composition and free amino acid content were determined in rice mutant lines with altered storage protein composition and their parental cultivars. The Lgc1 gene, which causes low glutelin content and high content of 13 kDa prolamin and 26 kDa globulin, did not affect grain weight, nitrogen content, or free amino acid content. The glb1 gene, which lacks the 26 kDa globulin, did not affect grain weight or nitrogen content, but in mutant lines with glb1 gene the content of the major free amino acids was significantly (1.3–1.5 times) higher than those of their parental cultivars. These results suggest that absence of 26 kDa globulin is accompanied by an accumulation of a high level of free amino acids in rice grains. 相似文献
15.
Ifendu A. Nnanna R. Dixon Phillips 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1989,39(2):187-200
Amino acid composition, protein digestibility, calculated protein efficiency ratio (C-PER and DC-PER), chemical scores and water-soluble vitamin content of cowpea seeds germinated at 25°C or 30°C for 24h were determined. Also, the effect of processing steps (heated-air drying, decortication and cooking) on these parameters were examined. Germination had little effect on amino acid profile of cowpeas. In vitro protein digestibility was not improved significantly by germination nor by decortication but was improved by cooking. C-PER and DC-PER ranged from 1.95 to 2.21 and from 1.63 to 1.82, respectively. DC-PER compared well withreported rat PER of cowpea products and seemed more sensitive than C-PER. Based on whole egg values, chemical scores ranged from 37.7 to 45.8% (mean±SD; 42.2±2.4%). Germination increased the contents of niacin, thiamin and riboflavin significantly. Decortication resulted in up to 30% loss in niacin while thiamin content was reduced 41% by cooking. 相似文献
16.
《Industrial Crops and Products》2003,17(3):161-169
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz is a flexible oil-seed crop that can be grown under different climatic and soil conditions. To evaluate the effects of growth conditions on the quality of camelina seed, samples originating from 11 remote locations in Europe and in Scandinavia (6° W–25°E, 48–61°N) were analysed for content of oil, crude protein and crude fibre. The evaluation was restricted to three promising summer cultivars chosen from seven tested varieties/cultivars. Among the cultivars, a statistically significant variation in the content of oil and crude protein was found. The average content of oil in seed ranged from 39.6 to 44.1%/DM. The average content of crude protein ranged from 39.2 to 47.4%/f.f. DM, and the average content of crude fibre was 12.5–16.8%/f.f. DM. The general mean content of oil was 42.0%/DM, crude protein 43.6%/f.f. DM, and the content of crude fibre was 14.5%/f.f. DM. The variation in the quality of seed was ascribed partly to the cultivars and mainly to the combined effects of the climatic and soil conditions under which the crop was grown. 相似文献
17.
M 《Journal of Cereal Science》1996,23(3):227-234
The structural features of highMrglutenin subunits of wheat were compared with those of analogous proteins from rye. Subunits of two rye cultivars (Danko and Halo) and of the wheat cultivar Rektor were isolated from defatted flours by extraction with 50% (v/v) aqueous propan-1-ol under reducing conditions at 60°C followed by precipitation using a 60% concentration of propan-1-ol. The yields of dialysed and freeze-dried subunits were 0·33% and 0·32% (w/w of flour), respectively (rye cultivars), and 0·91% (Rektor). SDS–PAGE revealed that the rye cultivars contained at least five subunits with mobilities corresponding to the x-type subunits of wheat. Separation by RP–HPLC indicated that the rye cultivars did not differ in the qualitative composition of subunits, but in their quantitative proportions. The surface hydrophobicities of the rye subunits were significantly lower than those of wheat subunits. The amino acid compositions of single rye subunits were characterised by high contents of Glx, Gly and Pro, and they were closely related to those of wheat subunits, except that the Glx content was generally lower and the Cys content higher. Notable differences between rye and wheat subunits were found in their contributions to gluten strength. Whereas wheat subunits, reoxidised with potassium bromate and mixed with a standard wheat flour, caused a significant increase in gluten strength, reoxidised rye subunits had the opposite effect. 相似文献
18.
我国江浙地区粳稻品种间的植酸与蛋白质组分差异及其相关性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选用我国江浙地区近期育成的晚粳稻品种（系）29个,对它们在浙江杭州相同栽培条件下籽粒中的植酸、蛋白质含量与其组分差异及其相关性进行了分析。供试29个品种(系)植酸含量的平均值为0.868%,变化幅度为0.699%~1034%,其中秀水系列品种的植酸含量一般较低,而武育粳系列和淮字系列品种（系）的植酸含量则相对较高;供试29个品种材料总蛋白质含量的平均值为8.722%,其含量大致呈正态分布。在4种蛋白质组分中,谷蛋白、球蛋白和清蛋白在品种间的变异系数较大,而醇溶蛋白则相对较小,且在分布频率上也表现出品种类型间的差异特征;除谷蛋白与总蛋白质之间存在着极显著的正相关外,供试29个品种(系)的植酸含量与蛋白质含量及4种蛋白质组分含量间并无密切的关系。 相似文献
19.
Stephen J. Chapman Steven J. Mulvaney Rangan Chinnaswamy Patricia Rayas-Duarte Bo Allvin 《Journal of Cereal Science》2012
Despite the great variety of physicochemical and rheological tests available for measuring wheat flour, dough and gluten quality, the US wheat marketing system still relies primarily on wheat kernel hardness and growing season to categorize cultivars. To better understand and differentiate wheat cultivars of the same class, the tensile strength, and stress relaxation behavior of gluten from 15 wheat cultivars was measured and compared to other available physicochemical parameters, including but not limited to protein content, glutenin macropolymer content (GMP) and bread loaf volume. In addition, a novel gluten compression–relaxation (Gluten CORE) instrument was used to measure the degree of elastic recovery of gluten for 15 common US wheat cultivars. Gluten strength ranged from 0.04 to 0.43 N at 500% extension, while the degree of recovery ranged from 5 to 78%. Measuring gluten strength clearly differentiated cultivars within a wheat class; nonetheless it was not a good predictor of baking quality on its own in terms of bread volume. Gluten strength was highly correlated with mixograph mixing times (r = 0.879) and degree of recovery (r = 0.855), suggesting that dough development time was influenced by gluten strength and that the CORE instrument was a suitable alternative to tensile testing, since it is less time intensive and less laborious to use. 相似文献
20.
中国大麦种质资源直链淀粉含量分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了弄清中国大麦种质资源中直链淀粉含量的高低,为今后的糯大麦研究和育种提供参考,利用近红外反射光谱（NIRS）法对含糯性基因的167个中国代表性大麦品种的直链淀粉含量进行了测定。结果表明,在中国大麦中鉴定发现的糯大麦种质均属低直链淀粉糯大麦（以下简称低直糯大麦）,尚无一份是无直链淀粉糯大麦（以下简称无直糯大麦）材料。167份含糯性基因品种的直链淀粉含量变异范围为13.34%～38.23%,平均值为25.23%,标准差为4.18,变异系数为16.56%。品种内不同单株间直链淀粉含量不同,有的品种单株变异系数大,有的变异系数小。在28个品种中检测到直链淀粉含量小于15%的单株,其中在6个品种中共鉴定出7份材料,直链淀粉含量低于10%,可以在我国糯大麦育种和遗传等基础理论研究中优先利用。由于大麦品种间和品种内单株之间的直链淀粉含量存在很大差异,因此进行糯大麦种质资源鉴定筛选时,应在品种群体测定的基础上,进一步开展单株纯系繁殖鉴定;在杂交育种中选择糯大麦亲本时,不但要考虑备选品种的直链淀粉含量,还要考虑其个体基因型的遗传一致性。 相似文献