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1.
To optimize broodstock management for Seriola rivoliana, a survey over 5 years was performed to evaluate the effects of successive hormonal inductions with GnRHa or dietary regime on spawning quality. Running males and females with an oocyte diameter > 500 μm were injected with GnRHa. The spawning quality was compared among consecutive years and different moments along the spawning season. Besides, three different feeding regimes were tested. Spawning quality parameters were not significantly affected by time along the spawning season, whereas they were clearly influenced by diet. Particularly, broodfish fed the mackerel regime (M) showed a significantly higher number of eggs than other treatments. Besides, dietary protein content significantly improved broodstock fecundity of S. rivoliana. Moreover, hatching rates were also higher in broodfish fed mackerel and the dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels significantly increased this parameter. Despite polar lipids were not significantly affected, neutral lipids fatty acid composition of S. rivoliana eggs showed higher 18:2n‐6 in eggs, whereas ARA content was not affected. The results of this study denoted the high fecundity and good spawning quality of S. rivoliana broodfish and suggested the importance of high protein, energy and DHA levels in broodstock diets.  相似文献   

2.
This study investigated the effect of n‐3 to n‐6 fatty acid ratios in broodstock diets on reproduction performance, fatty acid composition of eggs and gonads of tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. Broodstock were fed five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets for 60 days. The supplemented lipids were prepared by a combination of fish oil and soybean oil inclusion FO (fish oil); FSO1 (fish oil: soybean oil = 7:1); FSO2 (fish oil: soybean oil = 2.2:1); FSO3 (fish oil: soybean oil = 1:1); FSO4 (fish oil: soybean oil = 1:4.3) as lipid sources with different n‐3 to n‐6 fatty acid ratios 10.40, 5.21, 2.81, 1.71 and 0.87. Results showed that relative fecundity, fertilization rate and survival rate of larvae at 7 days posthatching were all higher in broodstock fed FSO1 and FSO2 diet and significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in groups fed FSO3 and FSO4 diets. The best result in starvation tolerance test was obtained in FSO2 diet. The present study suggests that n‐3 and n‐6 PUFA ratio in broodstock diet has a considerable effect on spawning performance, egg and larval quality for C. semilaevis.  相似文献   

3.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) on flame angelfish (Centropyge loriculus) reproduction, and egg and larval quality. In the experiment, formulated diets containing 1.8, 2.9 or 3.6% n‐3 HUFA were fed to flame angelfish broodstock (n = 4) for 5 months. Mean fecundity (daily egg production), egg fertilization rates and embryo viability were used as indicators of egg quality. In addition, mean egg diameter, oil globule diameter, per cent hatch, larval size at hatch, per cent survival to yolk exhaustion and larval size at yolk exhaustion were recorded for each treatment. Flame angelfish fed the diet containing 3.6% n‐3 HUFA exhibited significantly increased fecundity, fertilization rates and embryo viability than fish that were fed the other two formulated diets. Egg diameter, egg oil globule diameter, larval size at hatch, larval survival to yolk exhaustion and larval size at yolk exhaustion from the 3.6% n‐3 HUFA broodstock treatment group were not significantly different from those derived from the Control broodstock treatment. These data revealed that flame angelfish egg quality could respond rapidly (within weeks) to maternal dietary changes. Results from this study further support that dietary HUFA composition can significantly affect broodstock reproductive performance as well as subsequent performance of eggs and larvae.  相似文献   

4.
Nile tilapia juveniles (8.35 ± 0.80 g) were fed on four levels (0.0%; 0.5%; 1.0%; 2.0%, 4.0%) of Aurantiochytrium sp. meal (ALL‐G‐RICH?), a source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The 1% Aurantiochytrium sp. meal diet was compared to a control diet, which contained the same amount of DHA as cod liver oil (CLO) at 1.7% diet. Groups of 25 fish were stocked in 100 L tanks and fed twice daily until apparent satiation, for 57 days, at 28°C. Increasing dietary Aurantiochytrium sp. meal reduced the body retention of DHA and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA) but increased the body retention of alpha‐linolenic (α‐LNA), linoleic (LOA) and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐6 PUFA). Fatty acid profile in tilapia muscle was affected by increasing dietary inclusions of Aurantiochytrium sp. meal, with an increase in DHA, α‐LNA, n‐3 PUFA and n‐3 long chain‐polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LC‐PUFA) but a decrease in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), n‐6 PUFA and n‐6 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐6 LC‐PUFA). There was a larger body retention of DHA, α‐LNA, LOA, n‐3 PUFA and n‐6 PUFA fatty acids and a higher percentage of DHA, n‐3 PUFA and n‐3 LC‐PUFA in muscle fatty acid profile in fish fed on CLO diets than in those fed on 1% Aurantiochytrium sp. Therefore, Aurantiochytrium sp. meal is an alternative source of DHA for Nile tilapia diets.  相似文献   

5.
Interest in the commercial production of cobia Rachycentron canadum continues to rise as additional insight is gained into the hardy and fast growing nature of this species. However, research regarding the biochemical composition of captive-spawned eggs and egg and larval quality remains scarce. Such data is essential as a common bottleneck to production is a steady supply of fingerlings for grow-out. This study quantified the biochemical composition and quality of cobia eggs produced over 2 spawning seasons by broodstock on a traditional ‘trash fish’ diet which is commonly fed to tank spawning cobia. Throughout the study, batch fecundity, proportion of floating eggs and percent hatch averaged > 1 million eggs,  0.8 and 70%, respectively. Batch fecundity was significantly higher during the second spawning season as a result of the increased size of the females which weighed 18/22 kg and 22/26 kg at the beginning of each season. A positive correlation was found between the proportion of floating eggs and hatch rate for both spawning seasons. No correlations were found between egg composition (total lipid (30.0 ± 1.1% dry wt), protein (25.4 ± 2.2% dry wt), carbohydrate (2.4 ± 0.3% dry wt), vitamin E (10.2 ± 0.6 μg/g wet wt) or dry weight (119.1 ± 5.5 μg/egg)) and egg quality (proportion of floating eggs, hatch rate, larval growth and larval survival). Further, no differences in egg composition were noted between seasons or over the course of each season. The fatty acid composition of cobia eggs varied between seasons possibly due to changes in the quality of frozen feed (fish, shrimp, squid) given to the broodstock. The only correlation between the fatty acid profile and egg quality was a decrease in the proportion of floating eggs as the total amount of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids increased. No relationship between egg quality and amino acid content was noted with the most prominent amino acids being glutamate, leucine, alanine, proline, lysine and aspartate nor were any differences detected between spawning seasons.  相似文献   

6.
A 45‐day trial was performed to evaluate the effect of biofloc technology (BFT) with or without fresh food (FF) supplementation during pre‐maturation period on Farfantepenaeus duorarum spawning performance, biochemical composition and fatty acid profile of eggs as compared with conventional clear‐water system (CW+FF). Females raised in biofloc and that received FF supplementation (FLOC+FF) achieved better spawning performance in terms of number of eggs per spawn (49 × 103), number of eggs per spawn per g of spawner's body weight (2.1 × 103) and egg size (~275 μm) as compared with CW+FF (23 × 103, 1.1 × 103 and 263 μm respectively), but both treatments did not vary from FLOC (P > 0.05). High spawning activity was also observed in biofloc system as compared with clear‐water system as shown in number of spawns per ablated female (2.2–3.0 versus 0.6) and percentage of females that spawn at least once (80–82 versus 25%). Biochemical composition of eggs presented no significant differences among treatments. FA profile of eggs indicated that high spawning activity performed by females in FLOC+FF treatment was reflected in lower mean levels of EPA, DHA and sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3) and (n‐6). The better reproductive performance demonstrated by females raised in biofloc justified the application of this technology in F. duorarum broodstock.  相似文献   

7.
Black‐lip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera broodstock was collected from the wild. Egg production, hatching rate and larval development were compared between oysters induced to spawn within 2 days after collection in the wild (T1), oysters fed a pure microalgae diet during 24 days before spawning (T2) and oysters fed the same microalgal diet in which 10% of the algae were replaced with 2 μm polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)‐rich microspheres (T3). Administration of lipid microspheres resulted in larger sized eggs, a higher percentage of D‐larvae and larger sized 48‐h‐old larvae (P<0.05). The total and neutral lipid contents of the gonad increased after oysters were fed with microalgae only or with supplementary diet. The major neutral and polar fractions of saturated fatty acid (SFA) were 16C and 18C fatty acids, and not influenced by the diet (P>0.05). The gonads of oysters fed supplementary PUFA contained more docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and less monounsaturated fatty acids. Higher level of DHA in gonads of T3 was associated with oogenesis and embryogenesis success. The n‐3/n‐6 ratio in the neutral lipid fraction provides a good indication of the spawning condition and predicting egg size and hatching rate.  相似文献   

8.
The effect of increasing levels of dietary phospholipids (PL) on the ovarian development and reproductive performance of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis were investigated using four semipurified formulated diets supplemented with 0%, 1.2%, 2.4%, and 3.6% PL. Four groups of 40 females, with an average individual body weight of 95–120 g, were fed the experimental diets for a period of 7 months. Male crabs were introduced into the female rearing system in March, and mating, spawning, and egg hatching occurred in the following month. After 10 weeks of feeding, females fed the diet with 2.4% PL had a significantly higher gonadosomatic index (GSI) than females fed the diet with 0% PL, whereas females fed the diet with 1.2% PL had a significantly higher hepatic moisture content and lower hepatic lipid content than the other groups (P < 0.05). After mating, the spawning rate was higher among females fed diets with 3.6% and 2.4% PL (95% and 92%, respectively) compared with females fed diets with 0% and 1.2% PL (both 81%). The results showed that egg production (total number of eggs/female) and fecundity increased with increasing dietary PL level, with females fed diets with 0% and 1.2% PL supplementation having significantly lower values than females fed the diet with 3.6% PL (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that dietary PL supplementation has a positive effect on ovarian development and reproductive performance of E. sinensis broodstock. Further study should aim to investigate the optimal PL level in the broodstock diet of E. sinensis in respect to offspring quality.  相似文献   

9.
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth performance, fatty acid profile and fecundity in the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. Five isonitrogenous experimental diets were formulated with graded lipid levels [A (5.02%), B (5.98%), C (6.91%), D (7.91%) and E (8.89%) respectively]. The results indicated that the values of body weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention presented a similar trend of increasing first and then decreased with increasing dietary lipid levels. Furthermore, prawns fed diets containing 6.91% lipid showed the best values on these parameters among all the treatments. EPA, DHA and n‐3/n‐6PUFA contents showed associated increasing with the increase in lipid deposition of prawn muscle. The activities of hepatopancreatic amylase, protease and lipase were also significantly (p < .05) improved by dietary 6.91% lipid. Increasing dietary lipid levels could not suppress early maturation with no differences detected in berried females throughout the feeding trial. Significant lower relative fecundity may contribute to describing the dietary moderate lipid level (6.91%) could promote the growth of spawners and decrease spawning quantity. The recommendation dietary lipid requirement, estimated by the broken‐line model based on specific growth rate against dietary lipid levels, was 7.19% of the dry matter for M. nipponense.  相似文献   

10.
The possibility of increasing n‐3 and n‐6 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content in microalgal mixtures used to feed Tapes philippinarum larvae was explored by lowering culture temperature from 26 to 14 °C. Although fatty acid composition of different microalgal species has a genetic basis, the algal cultures grown at 14 °C significantly increased the content of long‐chain n‐3 PUFA in Isocrysis galbana and in Thalassiosira pseudonana, while in Tetraselmis tetrathelo, the PUFA increase only involved shorter chain PUFA, namely 16:4n‐3 and 18:4n‐3. However, larvae fed on the PUFA enriched microalgal mixture did not show improvements in growth and survival performances with respect to the control group fed the microalgal mixture grown at 26 °C. From a biochemical perspective, two key aspects emerged from the results: (i) clam larvae have adequate biotransformation and selection skills to adjust fatty acid profile to their requirements as they can even modulate the incorporation of essential long‐chain PUFA as 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 when the dietary supply exceeds the physiological requirements; (ii) bivalve can biosynthesize non‐methylene‐interrupted dienoic (NMID) fatty acids as confirmed by the constancy of relative proportion with larvae growth in spite of the NMID fatty acid absence in the diet.  相似文献   

11.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of broodstock diet on flame angelfish (Centropyge loriculus) reproduction and generate baseline spawning performance (mean fecundity, egg fertilization, egg viability) and egg biochemistry data for this species. Sixteen flame angelfish broodstock pairs were maintained on one of three formulated diets or a raw diet (consisting of squid, shrimp, fish eggs and algae) to determine the effect of diet composition on the fecundity, egg fertilization rates and egg viability over a 7‐month period. Although all the diets supported similar mean spawn frequency and fecundity over the duration of the experiment, the mean fertilization rates and egg viability were significantly greater among pairs receiving the raw diet. Egg fatty acid composition was generally reflective of the maternal diet and similar to the values reported for other tropical species. In particular, dietary factors such as n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acid and ARA level (which were elevated in the raw diet and eggs from fish receiving that treatment) are correlated with egg quality and are therefore worthy of future investigation. Because of the ease of conditioning, adaptability to varied formulated diets and continuous, sustained reproductive output, flame angelfish are an excellent model for examining the factors affecting marine fish egg and larval quality.  相似文献   

12.
The suspension‐feeding sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa is widely distributed in cold waters and is commercially exploited in the North Atlantic. While the species is considered to have potential for aquaculture, its feeding and reproductive biology differs markedly from that of currently cultivated sea cucumbers. Here, for the first time, the influence of food sources on the condition of C. frondosa was experimentally tested. Individuals were fed with either diatoms or fish eggs for 3 months. Specific growth rate (SGR), organ indices, fecundity, gonad maturity and profiles of lipids and fatty acids (FA) in tissues were compared among treatments and with sea cucumbers collected from the field. Individuals fed with fish eggs showed higher SGR and organ indices than all other treatments. The highest proportion of large oocytes was also found in gonad tubules of females from the fish egg treatment, although individuals fed with diatoms were the only ones in which spontaneous spawning occurred. Moreover, gonad and muscle tissues of sea cucumbers from the fish egg treatment presented the highest levels of lipids and essential FA. In contrast, non‐fed sea cucumbers showed negative SGR, relatively low female fecundity and low concentrations of lipids and FA in tissues. While the fish egg diet presented several obvious benefits, phytoplankton remains an important source of carotenoids, which are vital for vitellogenesis in echinoderms. This indicates that mixed diets rich in lipids, essential FA and carotenoids can be further investigated to optimize growth and reproductive output of this species in captivity.  相似文献   

13.
Six purified diets were formulated to contain three lipid sources, fish oil (FO), linseed oil (LO) and soybean oil (SO), at 6% diet lipid crossing two levels of vitamin E (100 and 300 mg α‐tocopheryl acetate/kg diet) for each lipid source (FO100, FO300, LO100, LO300, SO100, SO300). The juvenile Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, respectively, fed on these diets with four replicates for 6 weeks. The crab weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly affected by dietary lipid sources. No difference was found between the crabs fed two levels of vitamin E, but the WG and SGR were numerically higher in crab fed 300 mg/kg vitamin E than those fed the other level of vitamin E. The lipid source and vitamin E level could affect fatty acid composition in the hepatopancreas. The contents of saturated fatty acids (SAFA) and n‐3HUFA were significantly higher in the crab‐fed fish oil. The highest contents of n‐6PUFA and n‐3PUFA were found in the crab‐fed soybean oil and linseed oil respectively. The contents of SAFA, n‐3HUFA and n‐3PUFA were higher in the 300 mg/kg vitamin E treatment. A lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content and higher phenoloxidase (PO) activity were observed in the crab fed 300 mg/kg vitamin E. The results of this study indicate that the Chinese mitten crab fed the diet with 6% fish oil and 300 mg/kg vitamin E showed better growth, antioxidant capacity and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila.  相似文献   

14.
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles were fed diets containing 13 g/kg total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at different n‐3/n‐6 dietary ratios (0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.3 and 2.9) for 56 days, at 28°C. Subsequently, fish were submitted to a winter‐onset simulation (22°C) for 33 days. PUFA n‐3/n‐6 dietary ratios did not affect fish growth at either temperature. At 28°C, tilapia body fat composition increased with decreasing dietary PUFA n‐3/n‐6. Winter‐onset simulation significantly changed feed intake. The lowest dietary n‐3/n‐6 ratio resulted in the highest feed intake. At both temperatures, body concentrations of α‐linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosatrienoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid decreased as dietary n‐3/n‐6 decreased. Body concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n‐3) increased with decreasing concentrations of dietary EPA. The n‐6 fatty acids with the highest concentrations in tilapia bodies were linoleic acid and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4 n‐6). At 28°C, SREBP1 gene expression was upregulated in tilapia fed the lowest n‐3/n‐6 diet compared to tilapia fed the highest n‐3/n‐6 ratio diet. Our results demonstrate that a dietary PUFA of 13 g/kg, regardless of the n‐3/n‐6 ratio, can promote weight gains of 2.65 g/fish per day at 28°C and 2.35 g/fish per day at 22°C.  相似文献   

15.
A study was conducted to determine the effect of essential fatty acid in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) broodstock diets on a level of oestradiol‐17β and vitellogenin, reproductive performance and larval quality in out‐of‐spawning season. Five female and five male broodstock were stocked into a net cage (3 × 5 × 1.5 m3) and fed with pelleted diets containing 1.5% fish oil and different amounts of corn oil (CO) in diet formulation, that is 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% respectively. Gonadal development, oestradiol‐17ß and vitellogenin concentrations were examined every 2 weeks. Oestradiol‐17ß and vitellogenin concentrations showed an increase during the maturation process. The significantly highest percentage of female mature, fecundity, hatching rate, larval production and larval survival rate were obtained from fish fed with 2% corn oil in the diet. This result revealed that the administration of 2% corn oil in the diet as a source of n‐6 (linoleic acid) and 1.5% fish oil as a source of n‐3 (linolenic acid) can improve the reproductive performance of striped catfish broodstock in out‐of‐spawning season.  相似文献   

16.
The interspecific hybridization of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, females with blue catfish, I. furcatus, males has been identified as a method to further improve production; however, lack of spawning success has affected its commercial application. To facilitate our understanding of the interaction of brood stock nutrition and reproductive performance, we evaluated the interaction of feed quality and feeding frequency. Channel catfish females were classified into two genetic groups, namely, high and low spawning. The treatments were offered during the spring season 70–90 d prior to the start of the spawning season. Induced reproduction was performed using luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog. Condition of the fish as well as reproductive performance using spawning success, egg production, egg size, and fertilization at 48 h were determined. Changing protein level of the diet from 32 to 42% did not influence spawning, fecundity, or fertilization, but affected egg size and biochemical composition of the eggs. Increasing the feeding frequency from three to six times per week negatively affected spawning in one of the two genetics groups, did not affect egg production and egg fertilization, but had a significant effect on egg size. Older fish performed better than younger fish in terms of spawning success and egg production.  相似文献   

17.
This study was conducted to determine the optimum phospholipids: highly unsaturated fatty acids (PL/HUFA) ratio in maturation diets for female Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis broodstock. Five isolipidtic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain different amounts of pork lard, fish oil and soy lecithin with resulting PL/HUFA levels (%dry weight) of 1.4/0.3 (Diet 1), 1.6/2.5 (Diet 2), 2.3/2.0 (Diet 3), 3.8/1.5 (Diet 4) and 5.1/0.8 (Diet 5). Diet 1 lacked supplemental fish oil and soy lecithin and served as the control. Each of the five formulated diets was fed to a total of 150 female crabs for a period of 7 months. All diet treatments were triplicated with 50 crabs stocked in a pond as a replicate. After 6 months, male crabs were introduced into the ponds where females were kept, mating, spawning and egg hatching (in seawater) occurred in the following month. The nutritional value of various formulated diets was assessed based on survival, gonadosomatic index (GSI), egg production per female, fecundity (eggs/g female weight) of the females fed those diets and egg and larval (newly hatched zoea I larvae) quality.Females fed Diet 1 had the lowest GSI, egg production per female and fecundity while no significant difference were found for survival, hepatosomatic index (HSI) and the percentage of female spawned among the diet treatments (P > 0.05). Although there were no significant differences in egg diameter, egg wet or dry weights among all treatments (P > 0.05), the highest and the second highest proportions of essential fatty acids (EFA), i.e. 20:5n-3 (EPA), 22:6n-3 (DHA) and HUFA were found in the eggs produced by the females fed Diet 3 and Diet 2, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that EPA, DHA and HUFA in eggs produced by females fed Diet 3 were significantly higher than those from the other treatments (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, zoea I larvae from crabs fed Diet 3 had significantly larger carapace length than those from the other four treatments (P < 0.05). The zoea I larvae from crabs fed Diet 2 and Diet 3 also showed generally better tolerance to starvation and osmotic shock.In conclusion, our results indicated that diet included levels of PL/HUFA around 1.6/2.5 or 2.3/2.0 (% dry weight) fed female E. sinensis broodstock supported increased fecundity and elevated level of HUFA in egg, which in turn resulted in improved overall quality of newly hatched larvae.  相似文献   

18.
Gonadal recrudescence in Barbus altianalis from River Nile, Jinja (33°05E; 0°45N) Uganda was studied prior to induced spawning. Oocytes in B. altianalis were found to develop in cohorts suggesting batch spawning throughout the year with pronounced spawning activities coinciding with rainfall peaks of April and September. There was a strong positive correlation between rainfall and gonadosomatic index (rS = 0.75, P = 0.008). B. altianalis had low fecundity (6.0 ± 2.0 per gram) and large‐sized eggs (2.97 ± 0.1 mm). Induced spawning was successful with exogenous hormones and water current. Results from this study suggested that total striping may not be appropriate, but larger eggs would confer high survival of offsprings under optimal conditions. The success registered in induced spawning of B. altianalis provides a breakthrough in seed production for multiplication and culture of this economically important fish species.  相似文献   

19.
Effects of the ratio of dietary fatty acids, namely n‐3 (mainly long chain polyunsaturated – LC‐PUFA) to n‐6 PUFA on the fecundity of Macrobrachium amazonicum were evaluated. In T1, the diet had equal and low levels of dietary n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids (6 mg g?1). In T2, the concentration of n‐3 (6 mg g?1) was a half of the concentration of the n‐6 (12 mg g?1), and in T3, the diet had equal and high concentrations of n‐3 and n‐6 (12 mg g?1). Females with ovaries in stages I, III and V were collected. Higher gonadosomatic index (GSI) (6.89%) was observed in females in ovarian stage V than at other ovarian stages; however, the hepatosomatic index (HIS) showed high values in all females with ovaries in the stage III. A ratio of 1:2 n‐3:n‐6 fatty acids increased the GSI of mature females and the number of eggs spawned. Raising the level of both n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids from ~0.6% to ~1.2% of the diet did not produce any effect on the GSI or on fecundity, suggesting that the ratio is more important than the absolute value of these two families of fatty acids.  相似文献   

20.
A 24‐week feeding trial was conducted to study the possible effect of dietary canthaxanthin on red porgy growth and lipid composition. Two triplicate groups were established to test two experimental diets: (1) Control group fed a diet with no added carotenoids, and (2) canthaxanthin group (CTX100) fed a diet with 100 mg of synthetic canthaxanthin per kilogram of diet (CTX). Final and eviscerated weight were increased (P < 0.05) in the CTX100 treatment. The rest of growth performance parameters were not affected by the CTX diet. Whole‐fish total lipid content was decreased (P < 0.05) in CTX100 fish. In the liver, total lipids were not affected; however, saturated fatty acids in CTX100 treatment were significantly lower together with a higher n‐3 PUFA and a lower n‐6 PUFA, therefore increasing the n‐3/n‐6 ratio. Liver histology of CTX100 fish revealed decreased lipid vacuolization thus, significantly lowering hepatocyte area. In the muscle, total lipids were not affected. Similar to the liver, an increase of n‐3 PUFA and decrease n‐6 PUFA, led to a significant increase of the n‐3/n‐6 ratio. Concerning plasma, only total cholesterol (TC) was significantly affected by the CTX diet. Dietary canthaxanthin has an effect on red porgy lipid composition.  相似文献   

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