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苏铁叶枯病病原菌鉴定研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
指出了在苏铁树上发现了一种叶枯病害,导致大量苏铁叶干枯,为明确其致病菌,采集了苏铁叶枯病叶片数份,对病原菌进行了致病性测定、形态学和分子生物学鉴定。结果显示:病原菌接种后能够产生与采集样本相同的病害症状,确定其为致病菌;对病原菌进行形态学鉴定发现病原菌的分生孢子器、分生孢子的形态与拟茎点霉相同;通过分子生物学鉴定可知待测菌株rDNA-ITS的序列与GenBank中吸虫疫苗的rDNA-ITS的序列同源性可达97%。根据该病原菌的形态学特点以及rDNA-ITS测序结果可知:苏铁叶枯病病原菌为嗜血杆菌。 相似文献
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南非桉树病害概况 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南非的桉树林50％以上是新的人工林,而巨桉(Eucalyptus grandis Hill)几乎占了种植面积的80％(Crous et a1., 1989;Knipscheer et a.,1990)。大多数的桉树寄生物已被报道,但一些新的病害和新的病原菌也在不断地被发现。象Mycosphaerella叶斑病已对南非的林业形成重要冲击,这种真菌已引起了E.nitens(Deane et Maid.)和E.globulus Labill的严重落叶(Crous et al,1989)。随着我国和南非学术交流的不断加快,了解一些南非的主要病害和病原菌是必要的。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):210-217
The incidence of butt rot in two consecutive rotations of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in 28 permanent sample plots at four different sites in Denmark was evaluated. Incidence of butt rot was estimated by visual examination of stumps at final felling of the previous rotation and by examination of bore cores taken at the butt from a random sample of trees before first thinning of the subsequent rotation. There was no correlation between the incidence of butt rot at final felling of the previous rotation of Norway spruce and the incidence of butt rot at first thinning of the subsequent rotation of Norway spruce. The incidence of butt rot at final felling was between 19 and 100%, and at first thinning between 0 and 20%. The S-form of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. was the most commonly found decay-causing organism at all sites. Root systems of 28 trees without decay at stump height in the present rotation were excavated to estimate the incidence of root rot. Heterobasidion annosum was found in only one root. Resinicium bicolor (Alb. & Schw. ex Fr.) Parm. was found in 25% of the excavated root systems. The result of the study shows that the incidence of butt rot at first thinning of Norway spruce is not necessarily higher on sites where the previous rotation was heavily infected than on sites where infection in the previous rotation was low. 相似文献
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北半球针叶林最严重的森林病害是由广义的多年异担子菌(Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato)引起的干基白色腐朽病,但近年的研究表明多年异担子菌并不是单一的物种,目前在欧洲已分出3个独立的种,即原始多年异担子菌(Heterobasidion annosum sensu stricto)、小孔异担子菌(Heterobasidion parviporum)和冷杉异担子菌(Heterobasidi-on abietinum),它们生物学习性、形态结构,生态学,寄主范围和发生区域均有差异。应用大伏革菌Phlebiopsisgigantea对该类病害进行生物防治是较好的方法。将中国东北和西南(云南)的异担子菌单孢菌株与欧洲的三种异担子菌进行交配,结果表明中国东北和西南地区的异担子菌与原始多年异担子菌无性亲和反应,而与小孔异担子菌有性融合反应,因此中国东北和西南地区的异担子菌是小孔异担子菌,目前中国并不存在原始多年异担子菌。由于原始多年异担子菌和冷杉异担子菌均为严重的森林病原菌,应将其作为对外检疫对象。 相似文献
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Masanobu Tabata Takashi Kato Masatoshi Ohkubo Yasuhisa Abe Shuichiro Yoshinaga 《Journal of Forest Research》2002,7(2):105-112
The rot ofChamaecyparis obtusa (hinoki) trees was studied in the northern part of Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. Among 158 hinoki examined, butt rot was found
in 28.6, 58.3, and 100% of trees in the 29, 30, and 34-year-old stands, respectively. All trees with butt rot, and 11 trees
without it had rotted roots. Thirteen hinoki were peeled byCervus nippon (sika deer) and all of them were infected with butt rot. The maximum height of rot in deer-damaged trees was 2.6 m from the
ground level, but was 1.9 m in undamaged trees. About eighty-two percent of rotted trees showed rotted areas of less than
40 cm2 on the cross section of stems at the ground level. White mycelia and black flecks sometimes appeared in the rotted wood.
Basidiocarps of polyporaceous fungus were often found on felled logs and rotted stumps of hinoki and identified asPerenniporia subacida. Basidiomycetous fungus was isolated frequently from rotted wood of roots and stems, and determined to beP. subacida by comparative study on cultural characteristics. An inoculation experiment and wood-decay test proved that the fungus was
the cause of the rot of hinoki. Few absorbing roots of living trees were found in the clayey subsurface soil of the high dry
bulk density and the less soil aeration. Some absorbing roots had root rot and the rot spread from the base of the absorbing
root to the central part of the woody root. This is the first report on the rot of hinoki caused byP. subacida in Japan. 相似文献
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R. Siepmann 《Forest Pathology》1979,9(2):70-78
Stem and root rot of Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. In 20 year old Douglas fir most of the butt rot was caused by Fomes annosus. Stem decay was central as well as eccentric reaching the sap wood in either case. The side roots of 20 year old Douglas fir were compared with those of a 40 year old stand with butt rot. In individual trees with decay there were less roots with Fomes annosus decay in the younger stand. Calocera viscosa was more abundant in the older stand. Soil conditions which might have favoured root rot in the young stand are discussed. 相似文献
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根腐病作为一种土传病害,主要侵染植物根部,影响植株正常生理过程,发病严重时会造成全株死亡,在草本、林木等植物中均有发生,大大降低了植物的生态、经济和社会效益。为促进林业可持续健康发展,根腐病致病菌的分离、鉴定及室内、田间防治成为近年来的研究热点。文中主要针对林木根腐病的病原菌、发生症状进行概述,并综述利用林业技术、化学药剂、生防真菌、生防细菌和放线菌防治林木根腐病的研究进展,还对根腐病防治中存在的问题及未来研究趋势进行讨论,以为今后植物根腐病的系统研究及其防治提供参考。 相似文献
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Severe butt rot caused by Heterobasidion annosum (Fomes annosus)developed in two stands of first rotation Norway spruce on oldagricultural land within 11 years of first thinning. At SiteI (Devon), 11 per cent of thinning stumps and 23 per cent ofclear felled stumps were found to be decayed when examined soonafter the crop was felled at age 37 years. It is estimated thatbetween 4.4 per cent and 6.6 per cent of potential volume waslost on clear felling. Significant butt rot had also developedin a 33-year-old stand of Norway spruce in Site II (Aberdeenshire)11 years after a Scots pine nurse crop was removed. Here, thedisease was found to be widespread on an area of 2 ha, and 73per cent of trees had butt rot. Decay extended 3 m up the stems,and occupied significant areas of the butt. In both cases, thepresence of butt rot in the crops led to premature clear felling,which resulted in additional loss of potential revenue. It seems most likely that the disease became established followinginfection of thinning stumps by airborne spores of the fungus:at Site I, the thinning stumps were not protected whilst atSite II it would appear that a chemical or biological treatmentapplied to the pine stumps failed. The subsequent rapid developmentof the disease was due, in part, to a variety of environmentaland edaphic factors. 相似文献