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1.
The effects of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), singly and in combination, on the shoot growth of four potato cultivars differing in maturity classification (Solanum tuberosum L. ‘Superior,’ ‘Norchip,’ ‘Kennebec, rs ‘Russet Burbank’) were determined in controlled conditions. Plants were exposed to 0.11 ppm SO2 and/or 0.11 ppm NO2 for 24 hours a day for 7 or 14 days. There were no significant differences in leaf growth of ‘Superior’ or ‘Norchip’ plants at 7 or 14 days. Stem dry weight was significantly reduced in ‘Superior’ only after 14 days in the mixture. ‘Kennebec’ and ‘Russet Burbank’ plants had significantly less leaf area, leaf fresh weight, and leaf water content after 14 days of exposure to the mixture, but there was no significant change in dry weight. Specific leaf weight was significantly increased in the mixture treated plants of both cultivars. The two earlier maturing cultivars, ‘Superior’ and ‘Norchip,’ were less sensitive to the SO2 and NO2 combination than the two later maturing cultivars, ‘Kennebec’ and ‘Russet Burbank’.  相似文献   

2.
The effects of sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), singly and in combination, on the shoot and root growth of two potato cultivars sensitive to these pollutant gases were determined using rooted cuttings in controlled conditions. Plants were exposed to 0.11 ppm SO2 and/or 0.11 ppm NO2 for 24 hours a day for 7 or 14 days. Kennebec plants had significantly lower root fresh and dry weights after 7 days in the mixture treatments and lower root fresh weight in the NO2 treatment. Russet Burbank plants were more sensitive to SO2 and NO2 than Kennebec. Russet Burbank plants had significantly reduced leaf area, and leaf, stem, and root fresh and dry weights after 7 and 14 days of mixture treatment, and the leaf to root dry weight ratio was higher than in control plants. The combination treatment and SO2 alone resulted in visible injury on leaves of both cultivars. Changes in tissue water concentration, decreased specific leaf area and decreased root growth suggested that SO2 and NO2 altered plant water status and interfered with partitioning of dry matter from the leaves to other plant parts.  相似文献   

3.
Summary Increased potassium (K) fertilization of saline soils has been implicated in alleviating salt stress in plants. We examined whether varying K concentrations in Murashige & Skoog (MS: 1962) basal medium could affect salt (NaCl) stress in micropropagated potatoes. Plantlets of cvs Sierra and Russet Burbank were evaluated after 1 month of growth in a medium containing 0. 40, or 80 mM NaCl and 6,20, or 30 mMK. The medium K was adjusted using KNO3 while total nitrogen was kept constant using NH4NO3. Growth parameters were less affected in Sierra than Russet Burbank, and roots were less affected than shoots, as the medium salinity increased. Tissue Na levels were greater when the medium K was 6 mM compared with 20 mM MS control. The medium K concentration 50% greater than MS control did not promote growth and did not limit tissue Na levels. While this should be confirmed by field assessment, our results suggest that while K deficiency promotes salt damage, its addition beyond the usual fertilizer recommendations is not beneficial in alleviating salinity stress.  相似文献   

4.
Eleven accessions belonging to six species ofSolanum (S. bulbocastanum,S. chacoense, S. gourlayi, S. microdontum, S. papita, and S.sparsipilum) were tested for resistance to salt. Resistance was measured by survival and growth (dry weight of tops) of plants treated with solutions of NaCl and Na2SO4. The six species could be grouped into four classes based on good to poor resistance to salt solutions (1.S. chacoense, 2.S. gourlayi, 3.S. microdontum, S. sparsipilum, S. bulbocastanum and 4.S. papita). There was a close relationship (r=0.94**) between the survival of plants and growth of surviving plants treated with salt solutions. There was no relationship between known heat or drought resistance of various accessions and salt resistance. Results indicate there is a large genetic base available to improve the salt resistance of the cultivated potato.  相似文献   

5.
Previous research suggests that field greening of potato tubers can be minimized by planting seedpieces at an appropriate depth along with sufficient hilling to minimize exposure to sunlight. The appropriate planting depth and hilling practices to minimize field tuber greening have not been determined for newer cultivars. Two separate studies, each conducted for three years, are reported here. The first measured the effect of seedpiece planting depth on the yield, quality, and field greening tuber yield of ‘Russet Burbank’, ‘Frontier Russet’, and ‘Shepody’ potatoes. Seedpieces were handplanted in pre-formed hills at 8, 15, or 23 cm measured from the top of the seedpiece to the top of the hill. Planting at 23 cm resulted in significantly lower total yield compared with the 8- and 15-cm depths for Russet Burbank and Frontier Russet, but planting depth did not affect total yield of Shepody. U.S. No. 1 yield of Russet Burbank was not affected by planting depth, but U.S. No. 1 yield of Frontier Russet was significantly less at the 23-cm depth. For Shepody, the 8-cm depth caused a significant reduction in U.S. No. 1 yield compared with the 15-cm depth. Field greening tuber yield of Russet Burbank was significantly less at the 23-cm planting depth compared to 8 cm. For Frontier Russet and Shepody, planting at 15 or 23 cm resulted in significantly less field tuber greening compared to the 8-cm depth. The second experiment examined the effects of planting depth and hilling practices on yield, quality, and field tuber greening of Russet Burbank and Gem Russet potatoes. Six planting depth and hilling treatment combinations were used. Seedpieces were planted at a depth of either 8 or 15 cm, then hilled to either 15 or 23 cm at emergence or after plants had formed a rosette of leaves approximately 10 cm in diameter (post-emergence hilling). At-emergence hilling treatments had no effect on total or U.S. No. 1 yields of Russet Burbank compared with the 15-cm planting depth, non-hilled control. However, all post-emergence hilling treatments significantly reduced Russet Burbank total and U.S. No. 1 yields. Planting Russet Burbank at 8 cm and hilling to 23 cm at emergence, or planting at 8 or 15 cm and hilling to 23 cm post-emergence reduced field tuber greening of Russet Burbank. The effects of planting depth and hilling on Gem Russet total and U.S. No. 1 yields were less definitive than for Russet Burbank, and no treatments significantly reduced field tuber greening yield compared with the control.  相似文献   

6.
New potato varieties may provide economic advantages in traditional potato markets. An economic analysis was conducted to determine potential advantages of two new varieties, ‘Gem Russet’ and ‘Summit Russet,’ when compared with ‘Russet Burbank’ in the fresh market. Yield and grade data from 15 location/years were used to calculate net returns for each variety using a price based on a fresh market consignment packing model. Gem Russet and Summit Russet had slightly higher total yield than Russet Burbank when averaged over all location/years. In only six of the 15 location/years for Gem Russet and four of the 15 for Summit Russet was total yield statistically higher than Russet Burbank. Gem Russet and Summit Russet had numerically higher % US No. 1 yield in all of the location/years and statistically higher in 12 and 13, respectively. Both varieties were equal to or higher than Russet Burbank in all location/years for % cartons, consignment sale net value and net returns. The higher net return for Gem Russet and Summit Russet over Russet Burbank make these varieties economically advantageous to grow. This type of analysis is important in assessing the value of a new variety to growers based on existing markets.  相似文献   

7.
‘Alturas’, a late-maturing, high-yielding, russet potato cultivar with high tuber specific gravity, was released in 2002 by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Originally selected for dehydration processing, its cold-sweetening resistance also makes it suitable for processing out of storage into french fries and other frozen potato products. Culinary quality is high, with larger tubers suitable for fresh market if heavily russeted skin is not essential. Alturas consistently produced greater total and U.S. No. 1 yields than ‘Russet Burbank’ and ‘Ranger Russet’ in southern Idaho trials. Across other western trial sites, total yields of Alturas have on average been 29% and 14% greater than Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet, respectively. Alturas is resistant to Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae) and early blight (Alternaria solani). Compared with Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet, Alturas is less susceptible to corky ringspot and foliar and tuber infection by late blight (Phytophthora infestans). It also is less susceptible to tuber net necrosis and Fusarium dry rot than Russet Burbank, and is more resistant to common scab (Streptomyces scabies) than Ranger Russet. However, Alturas is more susceptible to infection by PVY and PVX than Ranger Russet. Total nitrogen application recommendations for Alturas are approximately 40% less than those for Russet Burbank. Alturas requires 15% to 20% more water during the growing season than does Russet Bur-bank.  相似文献   

8.
Missing and irregularly spaced potato plants compromise grower revenue. A recent survey of 70 commercial fields in Washington State, USA, indicated that in-row seedpiece and plant spacing was irregular due to multiple planter skips and clumped seedpieces. Seven percent (2950 missing plants ha?1) of the intended stand was missing: 6% from planter skips and 1% from nonviable seedpieces. To estimate economic loss to Washington potato growers, two potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars, Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, were grown in small-plot experiments designed to mimic spacing errors commonly found in Washington fields. Yield and economic values of uniform (optimum) spacing were compared to values coming from treatments that simulated planter skips/missing plants and seed clumps (doubles) in 2001 and 2002. The planter-skip treatments produced the lowest total, market, and U.S. No. 1 yields for both cultivars. In-row plants on both sides of a skip collectively compensated for 56% to 67% of the missing plant’s economic value. Plants in adjacent rows failed to compensate for their missing neighbor. Doubles reduced average tuber size for both cultivars compared with optimum spacing. Using processing market values, 2950 missing Russet Burbank plants ha?1 reduced seed-cost-adjusted gross income 2.9% or $205 ha?1. Doubles did not affect Russet Burbank processing value. Using fresh market values, 2950 missing and 1980 doubles ha?1 reduced Russet Norkotah adjusted gross income 4.4% or $250 ha?1. Improved planter technology and management efforts would likely improve plant spacing in commercial fields and in turn, grower revenue. Planter manufacturers and growers should consider this information when making management decisions.  相似文献   

9.
In a histological study comparing tuber resistance of potato clone B7200-33 and susceptible variety “Russet Burbank” toFusarium roseum ‘Sambucinum’, the formation of suberin and wound periderm was found to be an important resistance mechanism. In B7200-33 tubers a continuous suberin layer was formed whereas in ‘Russet Burbank’ tubers the suberin was formed in clumps so that the pathogen easily could invade the tissue between the clumps but not through a continuous layer. Wound periderm also was formed at a more rapid rate in B7200-33 than in ‘Russet Burbank’ tubers thereby “walling off” the pathogen and reducing decay.  相似文献   

10.
研究了NaCl和Na2SO4胁迫对玉米幼苗电解质渗漏、根系活力及脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等渗透调节物质含量的影响。结果表明，玉米在NaCl作用下其电解质渗漏、根系活力及渗透调节物质含量的变化和Na2SO4胁迫相似，电解质渗漏、根系活力及渗透调节物质含量均随着盐浓度的增加而加剧。NaCl胁迫下增幅大于Na2SO4胁迫，表明NaCl胁迫对玉米幼苗的伤害大于Na2SO4胁迫。  相似文献   

11.
Russet Burbank and Onaway potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) vines were desiccated with diquat (6,7-dihydrodipyrido (1,2-a:2′1′-c) pyrazinediium ion), ametryn (N-ethyl-N-methylethyl)-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), and endothall (7-oxabicyclo (2.2.1) heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid) applied at various rates alone or combined with surfactants, drift retardant, copper, or ammonium sulfate. Diquat and paraquat at 0.28 and 0.56 kg ha?1 plus nonionic surfactant thoroughly desiccated Onaway and Russet Burbank potato vines. Only Onaway vines were thoroughly desiccated by ametryn at 1.3 and 2.3 kg ha?1. Endothall at 0.87 kg ha?1 provided thorough desiccation of Russet Burbank vines. The addition of a drift retardant did not reduce the effectiveness of diquat, while combining either ammonium or copper sulfate with diquat slowed the dieback of potato vines in 1987. Combining copper sulfate with diquat also slowed the dieback of Onaway vines in 1988. Both copper and ammonium sulfate, combined with diquat and nonionic surfactant, slowed the dieback of Russet Burbank vines when evaluated two days after application, but seven days later, no difference in vine dieback was evident. Crushing plants by rolling the field prior to desiccant application quickened vinekill by 18%. Applications of diquat using flat fan nozzles at 333 kPa provided vinekill equivalent to applications using hollow cone nozzles on a 25 cm spacing at 833 kPa, when spray volume for both applications was 467 L ha?1. Potato yield, percentage of U.S. No. 1 potatoes, and stemend discoloration were unaffected by chemical desiccation.  相似文献   

12.
The study examined the efficacy of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an anti-ethylene compound, as a preventative treatment for ethylene-induced fry color darkening in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers, without reducing the effectiveness of ethylene as a tuber sprouting control agent. The experiment was conducted for two years with ‘Shepody’ and ‘Russet Burbank.’ Tubers of each cultivar from four separate growers received one of the following treatments: Air (control), Air + 1-MCP (1 (μL.L-1 for 48 h), isopropyl N (3-chlorophenyl) carbamate (chloropropham; CIPC; 1% a.i. [v/v]); continuous ethylene (4 μL.L-1) in air; continuous ethylene pre-treated with 1-MCP once; continuous ethylene pre-treated with 1-MCP and repeated monthly; and continuous ethylene pre-treated with 1-MCP and repeated bi-monthly. Treatment started after suberization and cooling to 9 C, and samples were evaluated at 3-wk (year 1) or 4-wk (years 2 and 3) intervals thereafter until April (Shepody) or June (Russet Burbank). Sprout growth (sprout fresh weight per tuber), fry color (Agtron reflectance units), tuber weight loss, incidence of disease infection and internal disorders were evaluated. Weight loss, tuber infection, and the occurrence of disorders were not affected by any of the treatments. Sprout growth was controlled by the continuous ethylene supply in both cultivars, and single or multiple additions of 1-MCP to the ethylene treatment did not affect the ethylene control of sprouting. As expected, ethylene treatment alone enhanced fry color darkening in both cultivars. In Russet Burbank tubers, fry color was not darkened in any of the ethylene + 1-MCP (once, monthly, or bimonthly) treatments. In Shepody, fry color was not darkened in the ethylene + 1-MCP monthly or bimonthly treatments, but started darkening 4 wk after exposure in the single ethylene + 1-MCP treatment. It is concluded that 1-MCP can be used to control fry color darkening induced by ethylene without blocking ethylene control of tuber sprouting. However, the number of 1-MCP applications required may vary with the cultivar, e.g., one application was sufficient in Russet Burbank but not in Shepody.  相似文献   

13.
The release of three new potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) cultivars, Bannock Russet, Gem Russet, and Summit Russet, with unique plant growth characteristics, necessitates the development of appropriate N fertilizer recommendations. These three new cultivars, along with the standard cultivar, Russet Burbank, were treated with four N rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N ha?1) using two different application timing procedures (“early,” with two-thirds N applied preplant, and “late,” with one-third applied preplant). Measurements included total and U.S. No. 1 yields, petiole NO3-N concentrations, and net returns derived from economic analysis using a processing-based contract. Each of the four cultivars showed a unique response to N application treatments. Bannock Russet achieved maximum yield and net returns with relatively small amounts of N fertilizer. It also showed no response to N application timing and had moderate NO3-N sufficiency concentrations early in the season, that decreased markedly late in the season. Gem Russet N requirement for maximum yield was similar to that of Russet Burbank, but required a higher amount of N for maximum net returns. Gem Russet also showed no response to application timing and had NO3-N sufficiency concentrations similar to or slightly higher than those of Russet Burbank. Summit Russet showed a strong trend for improved N use-efficiency when most of the N was applied early. On the other hand, analysis of net returns revealed a trend for greater profitability for Summit Russet when the majority of N was applied during tuber bulking. Petiole NO3-N sufficiency concentrations for Summit Russet were generally higher than those for the other three cultivars. In comparison with some earlier studies with Russet Burbank, this research suggested lower optimal N rates and petiole NO3-N sufficiency concentrations.  相似文献   

14.
Nitrogen and water deficiencies are known to affect potato yield, but much less is known of their effect on tuber growth and biomass partitioning. The objective of this on-farm study conducted at two sites in each of three years, 1995 to 1997, was to determine the effects of supplemental irrigation and N fertilization rates on tuber growth and biomass partitioning of the cultivars Shepody and Russet Burbank. The N fertilization rates were 0,100, and 250 kg N ha-1in 1995, and 0, 50,100, and 250 kg N ha?1 in 1996 and 1997. The highest bulking rate observed in our study (7.3 g fresh tubers m-2 °C-1) can be considered near the potential bulking rate in New Brunswick. The water deficit in the absence of supplemental irrigation reduced this potential bulking rate by as much as 40%, but this reduction was much less at five of six sites and negligible at two of six sites. Nitrogen deficiency reduced the bulking rate at two of six sites. This negative effect of N deficiency on bulking rate was greater with irrigation than without irrigation at two of six sites; the tuber bulking rate with irrigation was reduced by as much as 50% with no N applied at one site. Shepody had a greater bulking rate than Russet Burbank. The tuber bulking of Russet Burbank, however, started earlier and lasted longer than that of Shepody. Water and N deficiencies increased biomass partitioning to tubers and large roots. Shepody partitioned a greater proportion of its biomass to large roots and had a greater root biomass than Russet Burbank. Our results demonstrate the ability of potatoes to modify biomass partitioning when grown under water and/or N stresses. As a result of this compensation, the reduction in tuber yield due to limited N and water stresses is minimized.  相似文献   

15.
Summary Stomatal conductance (SC) and gross photosynthesis (PG) of two potato clones were measured simultaneously with a dual-isotope porometer. Maximum PG rates by Russet Burbank in the field were at intermediate levels early in the season, nearly doubled during mid-season, and declined during August. Maximum SC and PG rates by Russet Burbank in the field occurred about 11h00, although leaf temperature did not reach its maximum unit1 about 16h00. PG rates by Russet Burbank in the glasshouse were maximum at about 24–30°C; SC was maximum by about 24°C and remained relatively constant at higher temperatures even though PG declined. Clone A6948-4 had higher PG rates in the field than Russet Burbank under all conditions and did not reach maximum levels until 1350 μE. The PG response by Russet Burbank to varied irradiance in the glasshouse was similar to its response in the field.
Zusammenfassung Die stomatale Leitf?higkeit (SC) und die Bruttophotosynthese (PG) von zwei Kartoffelklonen (Solanum tuberosum L. — Russet Burbank und A6948-4) wurden gleichzeitig mit einem Dual-Isotop-Porometer gemessen. Die maximalen PG-Raten von Russet Burbank im Feld waren anfangs Saison mittleren Grades, w?hrend der Saisonmitte fast doppelt und im Lauf des Augustes nahmen sie ab (Abb. 1). Die maximalen SC- und PG-Raten von Russet Burbank im Feld wurden um etwa 11 Uhr vormittags erreicht, obwohl die Blattemperatur ihr Maximum erst ungef?hr um 4 Uhr nachmittags erzielte (Tabelle 1). Die PG-Raten von Russet Burbank im Glashaus waren bei ca. 24–30°C maximal; das Maximum von SC war ungef?hr bei 24°C und blieb bei h?heren Temperaturen relativ konstant, selbst wenn PG abnahm (Abb. 2). Offenbar kann die Abnahme von PG nicht Aenderungen in SC zugeschrieben werden, sondern muss auf eine direkte Temperaturhemmung von PG zurückgeführt werden. Die PG-Reaktion von Russet Burbank auf unterschiedliche Einstrahlung im Glashaus war gleich wie ihre Reaktion im Feld. Im Gegensatz zu manchen C3-Spezies nahm die SC von Russet Burbank mit steigender Einstrahlung von 400 auf 1700 μE m2 s1 zu (Abb. 3). Vergleichende SC-Messungen mit Kartoffeln müssen offenbar bei konstanten und bekannten Lichtstufen vorgenommen werden. Die SC- und PG-Reaktionen auf die Einstrahlungsstufen (Abb. 3) deuten darauf hin, dass Russet-Burbank-Pflanzen einen überm?ssigen stomatalen Wasserverlust haben und dass SC unter Feldbedingungen vielleicht ohne jede Reduktion in PG reduziert werden k?nnte. Der Klon A6948-4 hatte h?here PG-Raten im Feld als Russet Burbank unter allen Bedingungen und erreichte die maximalen Grade nicht bis 1,350 μE (Abb. 4). Diese Vergleiche illustrieren die natürliche Variabilit?t, die in Kartoffelzüchtungsprogrammen vorhanden ist, und best?tigen den Wert des Screenings, um jene auszulesen, die als Elternmaterial für Kreuzungen am nützlichsten sind.
Résumé La conductance des stomates (SC) et la photosynthèse brute (PG) de deux clones de pommes de terre (Solanum tuberosum L. —Russet Burbank et A6948-4) ont été mesurées simultanément en utilisant un poromètre à isotope dual. Les intensités maxima de PG pour Russet Burbank, au champ, se situaient à des niveaux intermédiaires en début de saison, étaient pratiquement doubles en milieu de saison, puis déclinaient en ao?t (fig. 1). SC et PG atteignaient leur maxima au champ vers 11 heures du matin, alors que la température des feuilles ne parvenait à son maximum que vers 4 heures de l’après-midi (tableau 1). En serre, pour Russet Burbank, PG était maximum vers 24–30°C; SC était maximum vers 24°C puis restait constant aux températures supérieures, tandis que PG diminuait (fig. 2). Apparemment, la diminution de PG ne pouvait être attribuée à des variations de SC mais devait être d?e à une inhibition directe de PG par la température. Pour Russet Burbank, la réponse de PG en serre à une variation de l’irradiation était identique à la réponse au champ. Contrastant avec de nombreuses espèces C3, chez Russet Burbank, SC a augmenté avec l’irradiation de 400 à 1700 μEm2 sec1 (fig. 3). Pour les pommes de terre, les mesures comparatives de SC doivent de toute évidence être effectuées à des niveaux constants et connus d’éclairement. Les réponses de SC et PG aux différents niveaux d’irradiation (fig. 3). suggèrent que les plantes de Russet Burbank perdraient trop d’eau par les stomates et que l’on pourrait peut être réduire SC dans les conditions du champ sans réduire PG d’aucune fa?on. Quelles que soient les conditions, le cone A6948-4 avait des niveaux de PG plus élevés au champ que Russet Burbank et n’atteignait un maximum que pour 1,350 μE (fig. 4). Ces comparaisons illustrent la variabilité naturelle que l’on rencontre dans les programmes d’hybridation des pommes de terre, et qui établit la valeur discriminante pour choisir quels seront les matériels parentaux les plus utiles pour les croisements.
  相似文献   

16.
‘BUTTE’, a new long russet potato variety, was released by the Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture and the Idaho, Oregon, and Washington Agricultural Experiment Stations in April, 1977. Its tubers are similar to those of ‘Russet Burbank’ but BUTTE offers several advantages to growers and processors. BUTTE has averaged 7% more total yield and 25% more U.S. No. 1’s than Russet Burbank over 51 location-years of testing across southern Idaho, eastern Oregon, and in the Columbia Basin. Its specific gravity in these trials averaged .004 higher than that of Russet Burbank. Dehydrating quality of BUTTE is superior to that of Russet Burbank and the product has longer shelf life. BUTTE french fries well although it accumulates slightly more sugars in storage than does Russet Burbank. Its vitamin C content has averaged 58% higher and protein content 20% higher than that of Russet Burbank. BUTTE is hypersensitive to virus X and resistant to net necrosis. Other disease reactions are similar to those of Russet Burbank.  相似文献   

17.
The relationship between shoot growth and tuber yield in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank) was studied under greenhouse conditions using paclobutrazol [(2R,3R + 2S,3S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(l,2-4-triazol-l-yl)-pentan-3-ol), PP333], a growth retardant. Concurrent with reduction of stem elongation by the application of paclobutrazol to base of the main stem was a decrease in the dry weight of the shoot and an increase in the dry weight of the tuber. The inhibitory effect of paclobutrazol on stem elongation was reversed by gibberellic acid A3 (GA3). Leaf content of raffinose sugar and chlorophyll increased upon paclobutrazol treatment.  相似文献   

18.
Reeves Kingpin is a mid-season processing potato variety developed and selected at the University of Maine’s Aroostook Research Farm in Presque Isle, Maine. Its main attribute is its high-yielding potential, giving an average yield of 47 mt/ha. Reeves Kingpin is suitable for processing into french fries due to its large tubers, high specific gravity, and acceptable fry color. The average specific gravity of Reeves Kingpin is 1.085 which is comparable or better than ‘Russet Burbank’ and ‘Shepody’. Reeves Kingpin has received good baking scores, which may qualify it for fresh market; however, its tuber appearance generally does not meet fresh market standard. The tubers have netted to lightly russeted skin and are long and blocky in shape. The tubers rarely exhibit the pointed and knobby characteristics of Russet Burbank. The incidence of misshapen tubers, sunburn, and growth cracks can be high under some conditions; however, hollow heart, internal heat necrosis, and vascular discoloration are not usually a problem. Tubers of Reeves Kingpin are relatively tolerant to shatter and black spot bruise. The plants of Reeves Kingpin are relatively taller, with greener leaves, more flowers, and moderate to heavy fruit set compared to Russet Burbank. The late-season vigor of Reeves Kingpin is an advantage compared to Shepody, but its haulms can be hard to kill prior to harvest, particularly if over-fertilized. Reeves Kingpin is resistant to tuber net necrosis and moderately resistant to verticillium wilt and early blight. However, it is susceptible to golden cyst nematode, late blight, bacterial ring rot, and corky ring spot virus and moderately susceptible to common scab.  相似文献   

19.
The effect of early blight on tuber yield of two potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars (Russet Burbank and Norland) was evaluated using number and timing of applications of three chemicals to generate different disease epidemics in 1981 and 1982. Under the non-irrigated farming conditions in Minnesota, there were no significant differences among captafol, triphenyltin hydroxide and maneb-Zn in blight control to increase yield. Of the five spray schedules tested, a 7–10 day spray schedule initiated when blight severity exceeded 0.01%, and a 7–10 day schedule initiated when blight was found above the lower third of the plant, generally gave significant, positive yield responses with all three chemicals. At Rosemount in 1982, the greatest yield increases (relative to unsprayed) obtained were 34.9% and 48.6% in total tuber yields for Norland and Russet Burbank, respectively. At Rosemount in 1982, the highest yield increases (relative to unsprayed) obtained were 92.2% and 56.6% in total tuber yields for Norland and Russet Burbank respectively. At Grand Forks in 1981, the highest yield increases were 126.8% and 34.6% in total tuber yields for Norland and Russet Burbank respectively. Across all three experiments, maximum yield losses (percentage of [[yield of ‘healthy’—yield of unsprayed check]/yield of ‘healthy’’]) were 58.4% (US #1 tubers) and 55.9% (total tubers) for cv. Norland and 34.4% (US #1 tubers) and 36.2% (total tubers) for cv. Russet Burbank.  相似文献   

20.
Plant diagnostic methods of N deficiency should be based on the definition of a critical N concentration, that is the minimal N concentration required to achieve maximum growth. The critical N concentration (Nc) of potato was determined from six on-farm field trials in which two cultivars (Russet Burbank and Shepody) were grown under three or four N rates with and without irrigation. Dry matter yield and N concentration of shoots and tubers were determined approximately weekly during the growing season. The Nc was determined by selecting data points for which the highest total biomass comprised of shoots and tubers was obtained, and by expressing N concentration (N) as a function of total biomass (W). The N nutrition index (NNI), calculated as the ratio between measured N concentration and predicted Nc during the growing season, was then related to the relative yield measured at harvest. Under non-limiting water conditions, the allometric relationship between Nc and total biomass for Russet Burbank (Nc = 4.57W-0.42) was different from that of Shepody (Nc = 5.04W-0.42), indicating that Shepody had a greater N concentration than Russet Burbank. The N concentration of Shepody was also greater than that of Russet Burbank under limiting water conditions. These results suggest that there is intra-specific variability in potato for the relationship between N concentration and biomass. The NNI ranged from 0.50 to 1.4. The relationship between relative yield and NNI expressed by a quadratic function accounted for a greater proportion of the variability with irrigation (71% for Russet Burbank and 82% for Shepody) than without irrigation (65% for Russet Burbank and 32% for Shepody). Our results suggest that the NNI could be a reliable indicator of the level of N stress during the growing season, particularly under non-deficient water conditions.  相似文献   

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