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M. J. RODRÍGUEZ R. LATORRE O. LÓPEZ‐ALBORS M. SOLER C. AGUIRRE J. M. VÁZQUEZ M. QUEROL A. AGUT 《Equine veterinary journal》2008,40(6):566-571
Reasons for performing study: The equine temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its surrounding structures can be difficult to investigate in cases with a clinical problem related to the region. Little previous attention has been given either to a computed tomographic (CT) imaging protocol for the joint or an interpretation of the structures displayed in CT images of the normal joint. Objectives: To provide a CT atlas of the normal cross‐sectional anatomy of the equine TMJ using frozen and plastinated sections as anatomical reference. Methods: Eight TMJs from 4 immature pure‐bred Spanish horses were examined by helical CT. Scans were processed with a detailed algorithm to enhance bony and soft tissue. Transverse CT images were reformatted into sagittal and dorsal planes. Transverse, sagittal and dorsal cryosections were then obtained, photographed and plastinated. Relevant anatomic structures were identified in the CT images and corresponding anatomical sections. Results: In the CT images, a bone window provided excellent bone detail, however, the soft tissue components of the TMJ were not as well visualised using a soft tissue window. The articular cartilage was observed as a hyperattenuating stripe over the low attenuated subchondral bone and good delineation was obtained between cortex and medulla. The tympanic and petrous part of the temporal bone (middle and inner ear) and the temporohyoid joint were seen in close proximity to the TMJ. Conclusions: Helical CT provided excellent images of the TMJ bone components to characterise the CT anatomy of the normal joint. Potential relevance: Detailed information is provided that may be used as a reference by equine veterinarians for the CT investigation of the equine TMJ and serve to assist them in the diagnosis of disorders of the TMJ and related structures (middle and inner ear). The study was performed at an immature stage and further studies of mature individuals are required in order to confirm that the clinical interpretation is not affected by changes occurring with age. 相似文献
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Teixeira M Gil F Vazquez JM Cardoso L Arencibia A Ramirez-Zarzosa G Agut A 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2007,174(1):133-138
The purpose of this study was to provide an atlas of the normal anatomy of the canine abdomen using helical computed tomographic (CT) images of the abdomen in four mature cross-breed dogs. The dogs were supported in sternal recumbency under general anaesthesia and scans were performed with 5 mm collimation and a pitch of 1. All sections were imaged with soft-tissue window settings and the cranial abdomen was also imaged with mediastinum-vascular window settings. CT scans were performed immediately after iodinated contrast medium was injected into the cephalic vein at 2 mL/kg. Iodinated contrast medium (10 mL/kg) was administered orally 2 h before the scan with a further 3 mL/kg administered immediately prior to scanning. A cross-sectional anatomy atlas was used to identify the structures of the abdominal cavity. Clinically relevant anatomical structures were identified and labelled in the CT images. 相似文献
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Cross‐sectional Anatomy,Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Head of Common Dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and Striped Dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) 
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下载免费PDF全文 J. M. Alonso‐Farré M. Gonzalo‐Orden J. D. Barreiro‐Vázquez A. Barreiro‐Lois M. André M. Morell M. Llarena‐Reino T. Monreal‐Pawlowsky E. Degollada 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2015,44(1):13-21
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The objective of this study was to provide a detailed multiplanar computed tomographic (CT) anatomic reference for the bovine tarsus. The tarsal regions from twelve healthy adult cow cadavers were scanned in both soft and bone windows via a 16‐slice multidetector CT scanner. Tarsi were frozen at ?20o C and sectioned to 10‐mm‐thick slices in transverse, dorsal and sagittal planes respecting the imaging protocol. The frozen sections were cleaned and then photographed. Anatomic structures were identified, labelled and compared with the corresponding CT images. The sagittal plane was indispensable for evaluation of bone contours, the dorsal plane was valuable in examination of the collateral ligaments, and both were beneficial for assessment of the tarsal joint articulations. CT images allowed excellent delineation between the cortex and medulla of bones, and the trabecular structure was clearly depicted. The tarsal soft tissues showed variable shades of grey, and the synovial fluid was the lowest attenuated structure. This study provided full assessment of the clinically relevant anatomic structures of the bovine tarsal joint. This technique may be of value when results from other diagnostic imaging techniques are indecisive. Images presented in this study should serve as a basic CT reference and assist in the interpretation of various bovine tarsal pathology. 相似文献
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Marcelo Gómez DVM Larry Freeman DVM MS Jeryl Jones DVM PhD Otto Lanz DVM Pam Arnold 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(1):29-37
Computed tomographic (CT) venography of the cervical vertebral canal was performed in six, clinically normal, adult mixed-breed dogs from 14 to 23 kg. After dogs were euthanized and saline perfused, a gelatin and iothalamate mixture was injected into the right external jugular vein. Contiguous, 4-mm-thick CT images were obtained with dogs in sternal recumbency. Dogs were kept in the same position as for the CT scan and frozen to approximately -8 degrees C. All post-contrast CT images were analyzed using similar bone window and level settings. Additional multiplanar reformatted dorsal images were obtained in all dogs. The frozen cadavers were sectioned through the cervical region extending from the occiput to T1 at approximately 8-mm intervals. The frozen sections were then compared with the CT images. The CT appearance of the normal cervical vertebral venous system was described and illustrated. Components such as the internal vertebral venous plexus, interarcuate veins, intervertebral veins, and vertebral veins were clearly identified on the CT images. 相似文献
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The purpose of the present study was to provide a detailed computed tomography (CT) and cross‐sectional anatomic reference of the normal metatarsus and digits for the camel and buffalo, as well as to compare between metatarsus and digits in these animals to outstand a basis for diagnosis of their diseases. Advantages, including depiction of detailed cross‐sectional anatomy, improved contrast resolution and computer reformatting, make it a potentially valuable diagnostic technique. The hind limbs of 12 healthy adult camel and buffalo were used. Clinically relevant anatomic structures were identified and labelled at each level in the corresponding images (CT and anatomic slices). CT images were used to identify the bony and soft tissue structures of the metatarsus and digits. The knowledge of normal anatomy of the camel and buffalo metatarsus and digits would serve as initial reference to the evaluation of CT images in these species. 相似文献
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Thomas F. George II DVM MS James E. Smallwood DVM MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1992,33(4):217-240
The purpose of this study was to produce a comprehensive anatomic atlas of CT anatomy of the dog for use by veterinary radiologists, clinicians, and surgeons. Whole-body CT images of two mature beagle dogs were made with the dogs supported in sternal recumbency and using a slice thickness of 13 mm. The head was scanned using high-resolution imaging with a slice thickness of 8 mm. At the end of the CT session, each dog was euthanized, and while carefully maintaining the same position, the body was placed in a walk-in freezer until completely frozen. The body was then sectioned at 13-mm (head at 8-mm) intervals, with the cuts matched as closely as possible to the CT slices. The forzen sections were cleaned, photographed, and radiographed using xeroradiography. Each CT image was studied and compared with its corresponding xeroradiograph and anatomic section to assist in the accurate identification of specific structures. Intact, sagittally sectioned, and disarticulated dog skulls were used as reference models. Clinically relevant anatomic structures were identified and labeled in the three corresponding photographs (CT image, xeroradiograph, and anatomic section). In this paper, the CT anatomy of the head and neck of the mesaticephalic dog is presented. 相似文献
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JohnR. Fike RichardA. LeCouteur ChristopherE. Cann 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1981,22(6):236-243
High resolution computed tomography (CT) was used to determine the normal appearance of the brain of an adult Beagle dog. Objects as small as 0.6 mm for bony structures (high contrast) and 1.5–2.0 mm for soft tissue structures (low contrast) could be resolved in the CT images. Multiplanar imaging using direct transverse and reformatted dorsal and sagittal images made it possible to obtain a three dimensional presentation of anatomy. Selective viewing, where CT number window and level settings were varied, was used to optimize visualization of specific brain structures. Normal high contrast components, cerebrospinal fluid, and osseous land-marks, were important aids in identification of various intracranial structures. Quantitative densitometry was performed to characterize various regions of the brain in terms of their x-ray attenuation values or CT numbers. This study indicated that high resolution CT provides a qualitative and quantitative appraisal of the canine brain that is unavailable using conventional radiographic technics. 相似文献
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James E. Smallwood DVM MS Thomas F. GeorgeII DVM MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1993,34(3):143-167
The purpose of this study was to produce a comprehensive anatomic atlas of CT anatomy of the dog for use by veterinary radiologists, clinicians, and surgeons. Whole-body CT images of two mature beagle dogs were made with the dogs supported in sternal recumbency and using a slice thickness of 13 mm. At the end of the CT session, each dog was euthanized, and while carefully maintaining the same position, the body was frozen. The body was then sectioned at 13-mm intervals, with the cuts matched as closely as possible to the CT slices. The frozen sections were cleaned, photographed, and radiographed using xeroradiography. Each CT image was studied and compared with its corresponding xeroradiograph and anatomic section to assist in the accurate identification of specific structures. Clinically relevant anatomic structures were identified and labeled in the three corresponding photographs (CT image, xeroradiograph, and anatomic section). In previous papers, the head and neck, and the thorax and cranial abdomen of the mesaticephalic (beagle) dog were presented. In this paper, the caudal part of the abdomen and pelvis of the bitch and male dog are presented. 相似文献
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ANATOMIC ATLAS FOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE MESATICEPHALIC DOG: THORAX AND CRANIAL ABDOMEN 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
James E. Smallwood DVM MS Thomas F. George II DVM MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1993,34(2):65-84
The purpose of this study was to produce a comprehensive anatomic atlas of CT anatomy of the dog for use by veterinary radiologists, clinicians, and surgeons. Whole-body CT images of two mature beagle dogs were made with the dogs supported in sternal recumbency and using a slice thickness of 13 mm. At the end of the CT session, each dog was euthanized, and while carefully maintaining the same position, the body was placed in a walk-in freezer until completely frozen. The body was then sectioned at 13-mm intervals, with the cuts matched as closely as possible to the CT slices. The frozen sections were cleaned, photographed, and radiographed using xeroradiography. Each CT image was studied and compared with its corresponding xeroradiograph and anatomic section to assist in the accurate identification of specific structures. Clinically relevant anatomic structures were identified and labeled in the three corresponding photographs (CT image, xeroradiograph, and anatomic section). In a previous paper, the head and neck of the mesaticephalic (beagle) dog was presented. In this paper, the thorax and cranial part of the abdomen of the dog are presented. 相似文献
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Susan J. Holcombe VMD MS Alicia L. Bertone DVM PhD David S. Biller DVM Valerie Haider DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1995,36(2):119-125
The purpose of this study was to define normal gross anatomic structures in the equine stifle with magnetic resonance images. Magnetic resonance (MR) images were made in sagittal, 15° supinated, transverse, and dorsal planes of two equine stifles. The MR images were scrutinized by comparing MR images to dissection specimens and frozen cross sections of stifle joints. Sagittal and 15° supinated images were the most valuable in assessing articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and soft tissue structures within the joint. Cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments, medial and lateral menisci, meniscotibial and meniscofemoral ligaments, long digital extensor tendon, and patellar ligaments were easily evaluated. MR images provided substantially more gross anatomical information than the currently available imaging modalities. 相似文献
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Arencibia A Rivero MA De Miguel I Contreras S Cabrero A Orós J 《Research in veterinary science》2006,81(2):165-169
The heads of three loggerhead sea turtles were disarticulated and imaged immediately to minimize postmortem changes and then frozen and sectioned. For computed tomography (CT) imaging, the heads were positioned in ventral recumbency. Transverse CT images with soft-tissue window were obtained from the olfactory sac region to the temporomandibular joint region. After CT imaging, the heads were sectioned and the gross sections were compared to CT images, to assist in the accurate identification of the anatomic structures. Different clinically relevant anatomic structures were identified and labelled in two series of photographs (CT images and anatomic cross-sections). CT images provided good differentiation between the bones and the soft tissues of the head. The information presented in this paper should serve as an initial reference to evaluate CT images of the head of the loggerhead sea turtle and to assist in the interpretation of lesions of this region. 相似文献
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Sibylle Kneissl Dr. Med. Vet. Alexander Probst Dr. Med. Vet. Martin Konar Mag. Med. Vet. 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(6):520-522
A series of low-field magnetic resonance images of the normal canine middle and inner ear are presented to serve as a reference. A completely balanced steady-state gradient echo pulse sequence with a slice thickness of 0.9 mm can be used to acquire images of the relevant structures within and neighboring the inner ear. These were the cochlear duct, semicircular ducts, vestibule, facial and vestibulocochlear nerves, as well as the temporal sinus. Within the middle ear, no applied sequence was able to allow identification of the auditory ossicles or the tympanic membrane. 相似文献
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Cynthia C. Nordberg DVM Kenneth A. Johnson MVSc PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1999,40(2):128-136
Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on previously frozen left carpi from six normal dogs using a 1.5 Tesla magnet in combination with a transmit/receive wrist coil. Three-millimeter thick T1-weighted spin-echo images and 1-mm thick T2*-weighted gradient-recalled 3-D images were obtained in dorsal and sagittal planes. Carpi were embedded, sectioned, and stained. Anatomic structures on the histologic sections were correlated with the MR images. All of the carpal ligaments plus the radioulnar articular disc and the palmar fibrocartilage were identified on MR images. The accessorio-quartile ligament, which had not been well described previously in dogs, was also identified. It originated on the accessory carpal bone and inserted on the fourth carpal bone. The T2*-weighted gradient echo imaging technique provided better images than T1-weighted technique, largely because thinner slices were possible (1 mm vs. 3 mm), resulting in less volume averaging of thin ligaments with surrounding structures. Although MRI is currently the imaging modality of choice to identify ligamentous injury in humans, further studies are needed to determine if abnormalities can be detected in canine carpal ligaments using MRI. 相似文献