共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
选用8个木薯品种(系)调查和评价储藏根采后3、7、12、17和27 d贮藏保鲜过程,发现其耐贮存性从高至低依次为SMH、BRA755、SC205、SC5、BRA440、7G-2、T1和BRA258。利用线性回归分析表明,木薯储藏根贮存变质抗性与干物质含量呈负相关,相关系数r为0.687 (P=0.05);与淀粉率含量呈负相关,相关系数r为0.696 (P=0.05);与储藏根氢氰酸(HCN)含量无相关性。其中SMH贮存变质抗性最强,储藏根干物质和淀粉含量最低;BRA258和T1贮存变质抗性最差,干物质和淀粉含量最高,因此这3个木薯品种(系)在育种上具有较高的利用价值。 相似文献
2.
覆膜栽培对甘薯幼根生长发育、块根形成及产量的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
选用济徐23为材料,进行2年的大田试验和一年的盆栽试验,研究2种覆膜栽培对甘薯生长前期幼根生长发育和吸收能力、分化根内源激素含量和封垄期单株块根鲜重的影响及其与产量的关系。结果表明,覆黑色膜和覆透明膜处理与对照相比,均显著(P<0.05)增加甘薯秧苗栽植后10 d和20 d的幼根数量、总长度、鲜重、表面积、体积和幼根根系的吸收面积、活跃吸收面积,其中的幼根数量、鲜重、体积、幼根根系的吸收面积、活跃吸收面积在2种覆膜处理间差异显著(P<0.05),覆黑色膜优于覆透明膜;2种覆膜处理显著(P<0.05)提高秧苗栽植后10 d的根系活力,且覆黑色膜优于覆透明膜。同时,在块根分化期(秧苗栽植后20 d和30 d)2种覆膜处理显著(P<0.05)提高了分化根的ZR含量,促进初生形成层的活动和块根形成;在块根膨大初期(秧苗栽植后40 d)2种覆膜处理显著(P<0.05)提高分化根的ABA含量和显著(P<0.05)降低分化根的GA含量,促进次生形成层的活动、淀粉积累和块根膨大,其中,块根膨大初期2种覆膜处理ABA和GA含量差异显著(P<0.05),均覆黑色膜处理效果最好。在2年的大田试验中,2种覆膜处理与对照相比,均显著提高了甘薯封垄期的单株有效薯块数和单薯鲜重,覆黑色膜的单株有效薯块数高于覆透明膜,而覆透明膜的单薯鲜重显著(P<0.05)大于覆黑色膜处理。覆黑色膜和覆透明膜处理2011年分别增产10.71%和5.76%,2012年分别增产12.99%和7.45%。 相似文献
3.
木薯主要农艺性状的遗传变异、相关性和主成分分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
对广西14个主要木薯品种的9个农艺性状进行了遗传变异分析、相关性分析和主成分分析。结果表明,块根长,块根鲜重、块根数的变异系数较大,分别为13.95%、11.33%、10.22%,块根干物质率和茎径的变异系数最小,分别为7.00%和6.57%;在相关性上,产量与块根数呈极显著的正相关,块根干物质率与块根淀粉含量呈极显著的正相关;主成分分析结果表明,前4个主成分对变异的贡献率达85.69%。在性状选择上,首先对变异大的性状进行选择是非常重要的。在品种选择时,应注意选择产量和淀粉含量均高的品种。 相似文献
4.
北方区试中甘薯农艺和品质性状的相关性及主成分分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为了了解影响甘薯产量和品质各性状间的相关性及主次关系,应用多元统计方法,分析了北方区试中农艺和品质性状的相关性及主成分关系。结果表明：在对农艺性状与产量的相关性分析中,干率和淀粉率均与淀粉产量呈显著正相关,茎粗和大中薯率与薯干产量均呈显著正相关,大中薯率与鲜薯产量呈显著正相关;主成分分析表明,对淀粉产量和薯干产量贡献最高的主成分中的性状为大中薯率、茎粗和黑斑病抗病指数,贡献率分别为29.67%和30.13%;而对鲜薯产量影响最大的主成分中的性状为大中薯率和根腐病病情指数,贡献率为30.71%。通过对品质性状间的相关性分析表明,淀粉含量与还原糖含量、可溶性糖含量、甜度之间呈极显著负相关关系,粗蛋白含量与可溶性糖和还原糖之间存在弱负相关关系。而品质性状间的主成分分析表明,对甘薯品质贡献最大的主成分中的性状为还原糖、可溶性糖和蒸煮后的甜度,贡献率为59.12%;第二主成分为粗蛋白含量和蒸煮后粘度性状,贡献率为23.75%。总之,农艺性状对影响不同产量目标形成的侧重点不同,甜、糯性状是影响甘薯品质的主要性状。 相似文献
5.
木薯单株产量与主要农艺性状的相关性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
探讨木薯单株产量与主要农艺性状的相关性,以提高木薯育种效率,为木薯品种选育奠定基础。采用13 份木薯种质资源为试验材料,通过相关与通径分析等方法,探讨了11 个主要农艺性状与单株产量之间的相关性以及不同种质资源单株产量之间的差异性。结果表明：NK-2、NK-6、NK-7、NK-10、NK-11、‘新选048’与‘华南205’之间的单株产量呈显著差异;单株产量与块根数呈极显著正相关,与收获指数、生物产量、最长薯长、主茎高度呈显著正相关,与干物质含量呈显著负相关;通径分析结果表明,各农艺性状对单株产量的直接通径系数和决定系数的大小顺序一致,依次为：块根数、最长薯长、生物产量、主茎高度、叶保留高度、干物质含量、收获指数、地上部鲜重、淀粉含量、主茎粗、株高。由此表明,选育高产木薯需要关注的主要农艺性状有：块根数、最长薯长、生物产量、主茎高度、叶保留高度、干物质含量、收获指数等。 相似文献
6.
Cassava cultivars often have poor resistance to biotic stresses and lack good quality traits. Wild species of cultivated crops
have frequently been used as an important source of genetic diversity. Cassava breeders are becoming increasingly interested
in incorporating genes of wild relatives. In 2000 the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) initiated a programme
to introgress genes for several root yield and quality traits from wild cassava relatives into its germplasm collection. The
objectives of this study were to evaluate one resulting inter-specific cross with high variability for dry matter content
(DMC) and to assess the effect of such a cross on other yield related traits. Crossing of the elite cultivar MTAI 8 to the
wild relative Manihot tristis increased the percentage DMC above the normal average of about 35%, with percentage DMC ranging from 34.39 to 42.73. The
crosses, however, were accompanied by some detrimental effects, most noticeable the reduction in harvest index (HI). It is
apparent that when selecting for DMC, caution should be taken and HI and fresh root yield should be monitored. Regression
analysis singled root weight, percentage DMC and fresh root yield out as the most important contributors to dry root yield.
Principal component analysis indicated that root weight, roots per plants and DMC contributed most to storage root yield. 相似文献
7.
北方区试中甘薯农艺性状与产量的多元回归和通径分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用多元统计方法,分析了甘薯北方区试中农艺性状与产量之间的关系。结果表明：农艺性状对鲜薯、薯干和淀粉产量的影响各不相同。回归分析发现,单株茎叶重、大中薯率、小薯率和单株结薯数与鲜薯和薯干产量之间存在显著的线性关系,单株茎叶重和干率与淀粉产量之间存在显著的线性关系。相关性分析发现,鲜薯产量与干率、淀粉率和病情指数均呈极显著负相关关系,与大中薯率显著正相关,与小薯率显著负相关。薯干产量与分枝数显著负相关,与干率呈显著正相关。淀粉产量与分枝数显著负相关,与干率和淀粉率均呈显著正相关。通径分析发现,淀粉率和大中薯率对产量的直接作用较大,而单株茎叶重、蔓长、分枝数和干率对鲜薯、薯干和淀粉产量的作用大小和作用方向均存在差异。因此,在高产栽培中,应选择茎基部粗、蔓长较短、分枝数较少、薯块大小较均匀、数量适中和大中薯率较高的品种。若进行高干率和高淀粉品种选育,还需注重干率和淀粉率等指标的选择。 相似文献
8.
木薯内源激素含量与块根淀粉积累关系研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探讨木薯内源激素(IAA、ABA、GA3、CYT)含量和块根淀粉积累的关系,分别对高低淀粉木薯品种不同时期块根、茎秆、叶片内源激素(IAA、ABA、GA3、CYT)和块根淀粉含量变化进行研究。结果表明：块根、茎秆、叶片中IAA含量变化趋势一致,在块根形成期达到最大值;块根、茎秆内ABA、GA3,叶片内ABA与块根淀粉含量呈极显著正相关关系,其中茎秆ABA、GA3主要是通过影响光合产物的装载和运输来促进块根淀粉的积累;在块根形成期和膨大期,高淀粉木薯品种‘辐选01’块根内CYT含量高且持续时间长。叶片中IAA、CYT、GA3与块根淀粉含量呈极显著负相关关系,随着块根成熟,这3种内源激素都有不同程度的上升趋势,可能与它抗衰老的能力有关。在块根膨大期,‘华南124’茎秆GA3含量极显著高于‘辐选01’,‘辐选01’块根、叶片ABA含量在生长后期显著高于‘华南124’,说明低淀粉木薯品种后期不易早衰,但地上部分生长过旺不利于块根淀粉积累。 相似文献
9.
Cassava is an important food security crop in the developing world, as it is adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions
including marginal semi-arid agro-ecologies. Cassava is a starchy staple and the storage roots of commercial cassava cultivar
are very low in protein content (0.5–2%, dry weight basis). A diet predominantly based on cassava, as is the case in several
sub-Saharan countries, could lead to malnutrition, especially in young children over time. A wild progenitor of cassava, Manihot esculenta ssp. flabellifolia have been found to have high root protein content, up to 18% (dry weight basis) and is excellent source of genetic variability
for this important trait. Accessions of M. esculenta ssp. flabellifolia with high storage root protein content were crossed with commercial cassava cultivars. High content of storage root protein
ranged from 2.87 to 11.25% could be recovered in the F1 progenies. The F1 families had an average dry matter content of 29.6%. These F1 interspecific hybrids would be an entry point for improvement of cassava storage root protein content. A brief discussion
of the strategy to be followed is presented. 相似文献
10.
N. T. Cach J. I. Lenis J. C. Perez N. Morante F. Calle H. Ceballos 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(2):177-182
A diallel study among nine parental clones of cassava was conducted in the subhumid environment on the northern coast of Colombia. Analysis of variance suggested significant effects for the six variables analysed: fresh‐root yield, harvest index, root dry matter content, height of first branching, reaction to thrips and plant‐type scores. General and specific combining ability effects and their interaction with the environment were significant for most of the variables as well. Results suggested that dominance plays a particularly important role in the cases of fresh‐root yield and harvest index but had relatively little importance in the reaction to thrips, dry matter content or height of first branching. Specific breeding approaches are suggested for these traits, depending on the relative importance of additive or non‐additive effects in their inheritance. The correlations among different traits were also analysed and in several cases their magnitude reached statistical and biological significance. 相似文献
11.
Cassava is predominantly an upland crop that is also cultivated in inland valley swamps (IVS). Identifying physiological traits that can withstand excess moisture stress can aid in the selection and use of stable cassava cultivars in IVS. Three cassava cultivars were evaluated for growth and yield in the upland and IVS ecologies in the 1993–94 crop seasons using a randomized complete block design. In the upland, 80/40 outyielded 87/29 and 'coco', while in the IVS, 87/29 had the highest yield. Highest yielding cultivars in each ecology also had the highest tuberous root bulking rate (TBR), dry matter (DM) production, crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate, net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area index, leaf production rate and leaf life. Positive correlations between these parameters and tuberous root yield were noted. High yield of 87/29 in IVS was partly due to its low tuberous root rotting. High root rotting in 80/40 was partly as a result of the greater depth of tuberous roots in the soil (0.3–0.6 m) as compared to the other cultivars (0.15–0.3 m) where roots were in contact with stressful water levels earlier than others. The yield and yield components, growth and leaf characters were all drastically reduced when the cultivars were grown in IVS as compared to upland. For example, root yields of 'coco', 87/29 and 80/40 were reduced by 53 %, 60 % and 92 %, respectively, in IVS. Selection of cassava cultivars with longer leaf life and leaf area maintenance leading to high CGR, TBR, NAR and harvest index (in IVS and upland), coupled with a shallow tuberous root formation zone (in IVS) can give higher root and leaf yields in the two ecologies. 相似文献
12.
Solutions of sucrose, glucose and fructose were artificially injected into the stems of sweet potato plants. The effects of solution injection on both dry matter production and the activity of adenosine 5'-diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) in tuberous roots were investigated and compared. The total weight of carbon (TC ) artificially and photosynthetically supplied to a plant during the treatment period of 40 days was 0.987–1.869 times the weight of photosynthetically assimilated carbon alone. At the final sampling time, the dry matter weight of tuberous roots in the plants injected with sugar solutions showed a 2.73–9.13-fold increase over that of the control plant. The root weight linearly increased with TC . The activity of AGPase was also enhanced by solution injections, with 27–63 % increases compared to the control, but was not significantly related to TC . The injection of sugar solutions is concluded to have a dual effect on root production in sweet potato. One effect is that the increased sugar concentration in the plant increases AGPase and sink activities, and the other effect is that the increased carbon supply quantitatively promotes starch synthesis and accumulation in roots. 相似文献
13.
优质紫肉甘薯新品种‘榕紫薯5号’的选育及栽培技术 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
旨在探讨、验证优质食用型紫肉甘薯新品种创制的最佳策略,为甘薯高效育种提供借鉴。以来自日本的优质紫肉型甘薯‘川山紫’为母本,以高产、高糖材料‘冀薯6-8’为父本,通过有性杂交、系统选育获得优质食用型紫肉甘薯新品种‘榕紫薯5号’。该品种2011—2013进行多点选拔、品比及鉴定,2014—2015年参加福建省甘薯区试。对‘榕紫薯5号’的形态特征、农艺性状、品质性状、抗病性、生产力、适应性进行了试验研究。结果表明,‘榕紫薯5号’为中晚熟品种,生育期135天,萌芽性好,分枝能力中等,全生育期群体长势强劲,结薯集中。2014—2015年福建省甘薯区域试验平均鲜薯产量30.24 t/hm 2,平均干物率30.12%,平均出粉率19.84%,食味评分81.6分,比对照高1.6分。外观评分81.3分,比对照高1.3分。花青素含量26.95 mg/100 g FW。大中薯率68.7%。省区试综合鉴定结果为：株型中蔓半直立;鲜薯产量、薯干产量和淀粉产量比对照高;干物率和淀粉率与对照相当;食味品质、外观品质均优于对照;抗蔓割病,中抗薯瘟病,耐贮性好,该品种达到食用型甘薯品种审定标准,可作为鲜食及特用薯在中国南方薯区广地域种植。 相似文献
14.
不同木薯品种叶片碳氮代谢与块根淀粉积累特性研究 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
摘 要：本试验以木薯高淀粉品种GR891、南植199(nanzhi199)和低淀粉品种南洋红(SC201)为材料,分别在块根形成期、块根膨大期和工艺成熟期测定叶片碳氮代谢有关指标和块根淀粉含量,探讨木薯叶片碳氮代谢与块根淀粉积累的关系。结果表明,块根淀粉含量与叶片叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性、叶片蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性、叶片磷酸合成酶(SS)活性、叶片可溶性糖含量呈正相关关系且与叶片磷酸合成酶(SS)活性达到显著水平,与叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)活性呈负相关但不显著。块根淀粉含量与叶片蔗糖含量、叶片可溶性蛋白含量、叶片氨基酸含量呈极显著负相关关系。但高淀粉木薯品种在生育后期代谢活性下降缓慢,显示出源端较强的同化物持续供应能力。各品种表现出相同的规律。 相似文献
15.
为提出江西本地窖藏木薯种茎的出窖适宜时间及种植方法。试验于2011—2013年,设计地膜覆盖和露地方式,分别于2月下旬至4月中旬出窖,每10天种植1期,研究了木薯种茎质量变化、种茎出苗率、农艺性状、鲜薯淀粉含量和产量的差异。结果表明,2月下旬至3月上旬木薯出窖种植易受气温和降雨的影响,降雨量过大,温度过低均不适宜出窖种植,出苗率均值为45.67%。3月中下旬出窖种植的出苗率高,均值为95.38%,中旬种植的产量高于下旬,地膜覆盖高于露地。而4月上中旬种植的出苗率虽高,但木薯种茎芽点完好率低,用种量大。采用地膜覆盖方式,鲜薯淀粉含量和收获指数降低,薯数增加,薯粗和茎粗增粗,株高增高,最终木薯鲜薯产量增加。江西及同等纬度区域,本地窖藏木薯种茎3月中旬适宜出窖,采用地膜覆盖种植优于露地方式。 相似文献
16.
不同氮水平下多效唑对食用型甘薯光合和淀粉积累的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在大田条件下,以北京553为试验材料,设置施低氮(N 120 kg hm–2)和施高氮(N 240 kg hm–2) 2个处理,每个处理下设置3个多效唑喷施浓度,研究不同施氮水平下喷施多效唑对食用甘薯光合特性和块根淀粉积累的影响。结果表明, 增施氮肥能够提高叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率,但减少干物质在块根中的分配率,降低块根淀粉积累速率,显著降低了单薯重、淀粉产量和鲜薯产量,降幅分别为8.0%、30.7%和20.5%;喷施多效唑可以提高叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率,促进碳水化合物向块根的运转,提高干物质在块根中的分配,提高淀粉积累速率,显著增加单薯重、淀粉产量和鲜薯产量,平均增幅分别为18.6%、32.5%和46.1%。说明在高氮条件下喷施多效唑对甘薯块根淀粉积累和产量的提高具有明显的调节作用。 相似文献
17.
Genotypic Variability in Adaptation Responses of Selected Clones of Cassava to Drought Stress in the Sudan Savanna Zone of Nigeria 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Okogbenin I. J. Ekanayake M. C. M. Porto 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2003,189(6):376-389
Identification of drought‐tolerant and ‐resistant varieties of cassava is of paramount importance for the maximization of productivity potential in drought‐prone areas. Nine improved cassava varieties developed in humid and subhumid agro‐ecologies were evaluated for their growth responses and adaptability in the dry savannas of Nigeria. Field trials were set up in two cropping seasons at three different locations. Parameters evaluated included fresh root yield (FRY), fresh shoot yield (FSY), cumulative leaves formed (CLF), cumulative leaf scars (CLS), root dry‐matter content (DMC), harvest index (HI), and root cyanogenic potential (CNp). Results demonstrated that varietal response differed with water table site, implying different adaptation responses of varieties to the water regime. Variations in all characters studied were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by genotype, suggesting a strong genetic basis for the phenotypic differences amongst varieties. Compared with variation attributable to location, the genotypic components were strong for FRY, FSY, CLF, CLS, HI and DMC. HI and DMC were not significantly affected by location. CNp tended to increase with increasing drought stress. The significance of genotype × environment effects for FRY suggested that genotypes may be selected for specific adaptation for drought‐prone environments. The poor adaptability responses of the majority of the varieties implied that an agro‐ecologically targeted breeding scheme for the dry savanna would be a more appropriate approach for the development of drought‐tolerant varieties. 相似文献
18.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) breeding at the earlier stages so far has been mainly based on a mass phenotypic recurrent selection, as little data is
taken. This has resulted in a long breeding cycle and lack of organised information on the breeding values of parental lines
used in the breeding programmes. The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) recently initiated a scheme to
try and correct this, by introduction of replication and blocking in the clonal evaluation trial (CET) and collection of data
on all genotypes at early stages of breeding. The aim of the study was to evaluate a CET using the new breeding scheme. Replicating
and blocking of clones improved the accuracy of the data obtained. High broad-sense heritability values, comparable to those
at advanced selection stages, were obtained, as environmental effects were minimised. The highest was for harvest index (HI)
(0.80), followed by cassava frogskin disease (CFSD) (0.79), dry matter content (DMC) (0.75) fresh and dry root yields (DRY)
(0.73), root weight (RtWt) (0.61), number of commercial roots (0.60) and roots per plant (RtPlt) (0.43). DMC, HI and RtWt
were identified as important variables in selection and determination of economic yield at early stages of selection. 相似文献
19.
13份木薯种质资源多样性分析与系统评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为选育优良的木薯新品种,对13份优良木薯种质资源的农艺性状进行鉴定,分析其遗传多样性特点。结果表明,13份资源在叶片形状、叶片颜色、叶裂数、叶柄颜色、叶脉颜色、主茎内外皮颜色、幼茎颜色、茎杆生长情况、株型、茎分叉、分枝角度、株高、主茎高度、主茎直径、块根分布、结薯集中度、块根形状、块根内外皮颜色、块根肉质颜色等方面均表现出多样性,且收获指数、淀粉含量、干物质含量等存在较大差异。本研究对13份木薯种质资源进行了系统评价,筛选获得了5个优良新品系,为今后木薯种质资源分类提供了参考。 相似文献
20.
14-3-3蛋白结构与功能预测及其在木薯成熟期的表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了深入研究木薯14-3-3蛋白结构和功能,也为研究木薯块根淀粉积累的分子调控提供新思路。本研究采用生物信息学方法对木薯14-3-3蛋白家族的组成成分与理化性质、系统发育进化、导肽、亚细胞定位、二级结构、功能结构域、三级结构及亲水性、疏水性进行分析和预测,并对14-3-3基因在不同木薯品种中进行差异表达分析。结果表明：（1）木薯14-3-3蛋白家族16个异构体存在多个不同的保守结构域,二级结构相似的亲水性蛋白家族成员在进化关系上可划分为2大不同的类别;（2）14-3-3基因家族16个成员在花叶木薯、ZM-Seaside和华南9号(SC9)块根成熟期的表达水平存在显著性差异(P<0.05),与花叶木薯和SC9相比,产量较高的木薯品系ZM-Seaside块根中14-3-3基因表达水平显著下降(P<0.05),推测14-3-3蛋白在木薯块根成熟期的淀粉积累过程中可能起着负调控作用。 相似文献