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1.
The tetramic acid derivative spirotetramat (brand name Movento®), has shown an outstanding performance against sucking insect pests in laboratory and greenhouse assays as well as in semi-field and field trials. The product acts as an inhibitor of lipid biosynthesis and affects juvenile stages with additional effects on adult fecundity. There is no cross-resistance to any other insecticide. After foliar application spirotetramat penetrates through the leaf cuticle and is translocated as spirotetramat-enol via xylem and phloem, up to growing shoots and down to roots. This full ambimobility or two-way systemicity (phloem and xylem transport) ensures the control of hidden and soil living sucking pests after foliar application and protects new shoots. The worldwide field development of spirotetramat in Bayer CropScience AG resulted in numerous uses against many species of whiteflies, aphids, scales (soft and armoured scales), mealy bugs, psyllids and selected thrips species in vegetables, cotton, soybean, pome and stone fruit, grapes, hop, citrus, nut trees and banana. The new mode of action renders spirotetramat as an excellent rotation partner with existing products for the management of aphid, whitefly and psyllid populations, which are frequently resistant to conventional insecticides. Moreover, only low adverse effects have been found on beneficial arthropods, which make the product suitable for modern integrated pest management (IPM) systems. These unique properties contribute to safeguarding the crop yield potential both in quality and quantity. In this paper, the new chemistry is presented, compared with standard insecticides and novel applications in IPM systems are discussed.  相似文献   

2.
The timing of trunk injections of the organophosphate, acephate, and two systemic neonicotinoids, imidacloprid and dinotefuran, was evaluated in field trials for the management of avocado thrips. Following treatments, leaves were sampled over a 6-month period to determine the period of efficacy for each insecticide. The efficacy of acephate was determined using bioassays. Imidacloprid and dinotefuran residues in leaves were quantified by ELISA to determine the window of efficacy for these treatments based on previously determined biological dose response data. In addition, residues in fruit were quantified to determine whether trunk injection of insecticides might present a greater risk for contaminating fruit than traditional application methods. The timing of trunk injection treatments significantly impacted the uptake of imidacloprid and dinotefuran, with mid- and late-leaf flush periods proving more effective in terms of rate of uptake and degree of persistence at threshold levels. Acephate was mobilized very rapidly and gave good control of thrips in bioassays; however, residues of acephate, and its insecticidal metabolite methamidophos, were detected in the fruit for up to 4 weeks after injection. Imidacloprid was most effective when injected during the mid-flush period, which allowed levels to establish within the trees over a period of time when thrips would be actively feeding on young leaf tissue. The establishment of dinotefuran in trees was very rapid following trunk injection. However, its use was compromised by the inability of the chemical to reach effective concentrations for thrips control. Residues of dinotefuran were detected in fruit sampled from one tree, but the levels were below typical MRLs for other crops treated with this insecticide. Imidacloprid was not detected in any fruit sampled from trees in which imidacloprid had established in leaf tissue at concentrations that were toxic to avocado thrips. Overall, trunk injection of imidacloprid could be a viable option for avocado thrips control. However, residues of acephate in fruit may preclude its use because of the requirement for increased pre-harvest intervals. Dinotefuran injections may also be useful due to the rapid uptake and establishment within the canopy; however, it will be necessary to determine whether higher doses of dinotefuran can deliver the required levels of insecticide necessary for thrips control, without contaminating the fruit with residues.  相似文献   

3.
豆大蓟马对12种杀虫剂的敏感性测定   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
室内采用叶管药膜法测定12种杀虫剂对豆大蓟马(Megalurothrips usitatus)成虫和若虫的毒力。结果表明,供试药剂中除杀虫环和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂对豆大蓟马各虫态的毒力较低外,其他药剂均对豆大蓟马具有较高的毒力。毒力测定分析结果表明,供试药剂对豆大蓟马若虫的毒力不同程度上均大于成虫,且对成虫的毒力又以对雄成虫的毒力大于雌成虫。综合来看,乙基多杀菌素、甲维盐、噻虫胺、啶虫脒、阿维菌素和噻虫啉等药剂对豆大蓟马毒力较大,可推荐作为田间防治药剂。  相似文献   

4.
Understanding the non-target effects on pesticides used in crop production systems is essential for the development of IPM programmes in those systems. Two organophosphates for control of citrus thrips in citrus were compared at commercial field rates in a lemon orchard for their effect against a predacious mite and a parasitic wasp, both of which have a significant role in coastal lemon IPM. Dimethoate and acephate greatly reduced populations of both beneficial insects, holding them to below detectable levels for 8 weeks post-treatment. Moreover, citrus red mite, a secondary pest, developed beyond the economic treatment threshold in both the dimethoate and acephate plots 10 weeks and 4 weeks post-treatment, respectively. In addition to predatory mite mortality, hormoligosis is suspected in both instances, and especially with acephate, of causing this secondary pest problem.  相似文献   

5.
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6.
Use of host plant resistance is an essential component of integrated management of Thrips tabaci Lindeman. The present research was designed to screen five commercial cultivars of potato, namely Agria, Kondor, Morene, Diamant and Savalan, and two breeding lines 397082-2 and Khavaran for their susceptibility to thrips infestation and for their mean relative plant growth rate (MRGR) and crop yield in an experimental field (not frected with insecticides) and a control field (chlorpyrifos frected) in the Ardabil region of Iran in 2011 and 2012. Thrips populations were assessed by visual inspection on potato leaves. At harvest time, the percentage of leaf area damaged by thrips infestation was assessed on leaves of the tested genotypes. All adults of phytophagous thrips collected in the experimental field were T. tabaci. In both years the mean numbers of thrips adults and larvae were lowest on Savalan cultivar among the tested genotypes. The mean damage index was also lowest on Savalan in both years and the MRGR and the mean yield were greatest in Savalan in the control field. Moreover, in thrips-infested plants, the lowest percentage of MRGR loss and the lowest percentage of yield reduction were observed in Savalan (3.7% and 5.8%, respectively). Of the genotypes tested, Savalan is the most resistant host and has potential for use in the sustainable management of T. tabaci on potato.  相似文献   

7.
Blueberry spanworm (Itame argillacearia Packard) is a key insect defoliator of wild blueberry, an important crop in north-eastern North America. We evaluated the susceptibility of blueberry spanworm to several reduced-risk insecticides in laboratory and field experiments. Two populations from two Canadian provinces were studied in the laboratory. Both were highly susceptible to flubendiamide, spinetoram and deltamethrin, although there were inter-population differences, and flubendiamide was slower acting. Flubendiamide, spinosad, spinetoram, and methoxyfenozide demonstrated good suppression of economically damaging populations of blueberry spanworm larvae in the field.  相似文献   

8.
《Crop Protection》1987,6(4):222-225
Several pesticides were evaluated singly and in combination or mixtures for their effectiveness against insects, nematodes, diseases and weeds in cowpea at Ibadan and Amakama in Nigeria. Of the granular insecticides/nematicides, carbofuran at 3·0 kg a.i./ha applied at planting reduced the population of thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti) below control level up to 42 days after planting, but did not appear to translocate to the pods. Ethoprofos, isazophos and phorate were ineffective against thrips. Carbofuran also showed excellent control of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The herbicides metolachlor and fluorodifen generally kept the plots weed-free up to 35 days after planting but had no effect on the nematodes. The fungicide benomyl applied as a seed treatment was not effective against web blight (Corticium solani) and brown blotch (Colletotrichum truncatum) but, when applied as a wettable powder in combination with monocrotophos as a foliar spray, offered effective control of the diseases and the combination gave the best grain yield across locations. The possible use of carbofuran with a cowpea variety that is resistant to larvae of the pod-boring moth (Maruca testulalis) is discussed.  相似文献   

9.
Fifteen pesticides were tested in laboratory bioassays on Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt), the principal phytoseiid mite predator in Washington apple orchards. We developed a rating system for pesticides using lethal and sublethal effects, and applied the rating system to our results. At the 1× dose, only spinetoram and lambda-cyhalothrin caused >75% acute mortality of females. Carbaryl, azinphos methyl, spinosad, spirotetramat, cyantraniliprole, and sulfur had relatively little effect on mortality, but moderate to high effects on fecundity. Egg viability was most affected by carbaryl, spinosad, novaluron, spirotetramat, and sulfur. Lambda-cyhalothrin, spinosad, and sulfur were the most toxic compounds to larvae. Materials such as sulfur and spinetoram had widely divergent toxicity to adults versus larvae. The cumulative impact of these effects was best integrated by the numbers of live larvae of the F1 generation. Using this measurement, spirotetramat, sulfur, spinetoram, acetamiprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, carbaryl and novaluron caused the greatest percentage reduction compared to the check, yet only spinetoram and lambda-cyhalothrin would have been identified as harmful in acute bioassays. These bioassays provide support for the benefits of measuring a range of sublethal effects and testing multiple life stages to provide an accurate assessment of the harmfulness of reduced-risk pesticides.  相似文献   

10.
Spinetoram, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole are new insecticides with novel mode of actions, low mammalian toxicity and low impact to environment. In the present study, the efficacy of these insecticides was tested against Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val on concrete. Among the tested insecticides, spinetoram proved to be more effective, providing complete control of T. confusum adults and young larvae after 14 days of exposure. For the young larvae, thiamethoxam at the highest dose and chlorantraniliprole at both doses were equally effective with spinetoram. On the other hand, none of the tested insecticides were able to control T. confusum pupae. Moreover, none of the insecticides had ovicidal effect, with the exception of chlorantraniliprole in some combinations. From the mobile life stages, the most tolerant life stages were old larvae and the most susceptible young larvae. The presence of food (flour) moderated T. confusum mortality. From the results of the present study, we can conclude that spinetoram, thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole showed potential and need be further evaluated for surface treatments in stored product facilities. Our work underlined the need for good cleaning and sanitation procedures in warehouses and food processing facilities.  相似文献   

11.
Susceptibility to insecticides was investigated by collecting field populations of brown planthopper from different locations of southern Karnataka,India(Gangavati,Kathalagere,Kollegala,Soraba and Mandya).All the field populations differed in their susceptibility to insecticides.In general,Soraba and Mandya populations were more susceptible to insecticides compared to Gangavati and Kathalagere populations.The resistance ratios varied greatly among the populations viz.,chlorpyriphos(1.13-to 16.82-fold),imidacloprid(0.53-to 13.50-fold),acephate(1.34-to 5.32-fold),fipronil(1.13-to4.06-fold),thiamethoxam(1.01-to 2.19-fold),clothianidin(1.92-to 4.86-fold),dinotefuran(0.82-to 2.22-fold),buprofezin(1.06-to 5.43-fold)and carbofuran(0.41-to 2.17-fold).The populations from Gangavati,Kathalagere and Kollegala exhibited higher resistance to some of the old insecticides and low resistance to new molecules.  相似文献   

12.
Data from six experiments with registered, nonpersistent chemical compounds for control of Pacific coast wireworm (Limonius canus Le-Conte) were combined to elucidate the relative efficiency of three types of treatments. The treatments were soil fumigation and band or broadcast applications of granular organophosphorus insecticides. Band treatments gave less effective and more variable control than broadcast treatments. Fumigation treatments were more effective than, and about equally as variable as, broadcast treatments. All treatments became progressively less effective and less dependable as the population of wireworms increased. It was not economical to treat infestations of less than 0.12 wireworms/ft2. Band treatments were usually adequate for populations up to 0.4/ft2 and broadcast treatments for populations up to 1.6/ft2. However, it was considered most economical to broadcast for infestations between 0.15 and 0.7/ft2. For heavier infestations, either fumigation or a combination of treatments appeared prudent. Because all treatments performed rather inconsistently, precautions to avoid underestimating an infestation are justified.  相似文献   

13.
The chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a new invasive pest in the USA, is an economically important pest of certain vegetable, ornamental and fruit crops in southern and eastern Asia, Oceania and parts of Africa. These crops cannot be protected from the pest without resorting to the use of chemical insecticides. In order to forestall or delay the development of insecticide resistance in S. dorsalis, we continued our focus on the discovery of insecticides with different modes of action for rotational use. In this study we evaluated candidate insecticides to control S. dorsalis on ‘Jalapeno’ pepper, Capsicum annuum L.; these materials belong to different IRAC mode of action classes as follows: (i) 4A – neonicotinoids, i.e., imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and dinotefuran, (ii) 5 – spinosyns, i.e., spinosad and spinetoram, (iii) 3A – pyrethroids, i.e., β-cyfluthrin, esfenvalerate, ζ-cypermethrin and λ-cyhalothrin and (iv) 8D – borax mixed together with orange oil and detergents in the TriCon® formulation. In addition we evaluated the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Botanigard®) alone and in combination with the borax formulation at ½ of their usual rates of application. Each of the 3 neonicotinoid insecticides when applied either as a single foliar spray or as a soil drench significantly suppressed both adults and larvae for at least 10 days; indeed imidacloprid did so for 15 days. Dinotefuran was more effective as a foliar spray than as a soil drench. Spinosyns applied as a single foliar spray, significantly suppressed both adults and larvae through 15 days after treatment (DAT). None of the 4 pyrethroids provided significant suppression of either adults or larvae. The borax formulation suppressed adults and larvae through 10 DAT. B. bassiana significantly suppressed only the larvae at 5 DAT and not at 10 DAT. This study brings the number of insecticides known to be effective against S. dorsalis to 10 and these belong to 7 different modes of action classes. The use of such insecticides in rotation belonging to different classes will help delay the development of insecticide resistance in S. dorsalis.  相似文献   

14.
The tea green leafhopper Empoasca onukii Matsuda (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), the orange spiny whitefly, Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintanca) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and the green plant bugs Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür (Hemiptera: Miridae) are the important piercing–sucking herbivores in tea trees Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze (Theaceae). The goal of this study was to evaluate the laboratory toxicities and field control efficacies of botanical insecticides including matrine, azadirachtin, veratrine, and pyrethrin to three tea pests. Via leaf-dip bioassay, toxicity tests with botanical insecticides indicated that there were significant differences between the LC50 values for botanical insecticides within the same insect species. Matrine had the highest toxicity to E. onukii, A. spiniferus, and A. lucorum with the LC50 values of 2.35, 13.10, and 44.88 mg/liter, respectively. Field tests showed that, among four botanical insecticides, matrine at dose of 9 g a.i. ha−1 can significantly reduce the numbers of E. onukii and A. spiniferus and the infestation of A. lucorum on the tea plants. Furthermore, botanical insecticides matrine and azadirachtin had no obvious influence on the coccinellids, spiders, and parasitoids densities in tea plantations. The results of this study indicated that use of botanical insecticides, such as matrine, has the potential to manipulate the population of E. onukii, A. spiniferus, and A. lucorum and will be an effective and environmentally compatible strategy for the control of tea pests.  相似文献   

15.
【目的】系统评价市场上常用杀虫剂对褐飞虱不同虫态的作用特性，为选择对口药剂进行防治提供依据。【方法】采用稻苗浸渍法，在室内条件下测定了9种新烟碱类药剂和10种其他类型杀虫剂对褐飞虱不同虫态的杀虫活性、速效性和持效性。【结果】1)杀虫活性：不同杀虫剂活性存在显著差异。其中，烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺、毒死蜱、氟啶虫胺腈、呋虫胺和环氧虫啶活性最好，其次为哒嗪硫磷、乙基多杀菌素、吡蚜酮、异丙威，阿维菌素；其余药剂中噻虫嗪、甲维盐、氟啶虫酰胺对2~3龄若虫有一定活性而对4~5龄虫活性差，噻嗪酮、吡虫啉、噻虫啉、啶虫脒、氯噻啉对两种虫态的活性均较差。2)速效性：毒死蜱、哒嗪硫磷的速效性最好，异丙威、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺等次之，吡蚜酮最差。3)持效性：吡蚜酮、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺、环氧虫啶持效期>15 d，其中吡蚜酮最好，药后0、5和10 d连续3批接的试虫死亡率无显著差异。4)成虫：呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺、环氧虫啶、毒死蜱、异丙威、吡蚜酮对雌雄成虫均有效，类似于若虫。5)卵：毒死蜱、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺和噻虫胺对卵及孵化的若虫均有效；吡蚜酮、环氧虫啶、异丙威等无明显杀卵活性，但吡蚜酮对孵化若虫有较好的杀虫活性。【结论】19种药剂中，适于褐飞虱防治的有吡蚜酮、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺、噻虫胺、环氧虫啶、氟啶虫胺腈、毒死蜱、哒嗪硫磷、异丙威共9种。其中，吡蚜酮持效性最佳且对卵之外各虫态活性较好，但速效性最差。呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺和环氧虫啶等的速效性、持效性均较突出，且前三者对各虫态均有效。氟啶虫胺腈杀虫活性和速效性均好，但持效性差于新烟碱类。毒死蜱和哒嗪硫磷可单独或在防治其他害虫时兼防治褐飞虱，其中毒死蜱速效性最好，适合于大虫量时快速压低虫量。异丙威杀虫活性弱于新烟碱类，但速效性强于新烟碱类药剂，适合与吡蚜酮等混用或复配。此外，用于鳞翅目害虫防治的乙基多杀菌素、阿维菌素、甲维盐对褐飞虱有一定活性，适合防治其他害虫时兼治褐飞虱。而其余药剂如吡虫啉、噻嗪酮、噻虫嗪等7种药剂不适用于褐飞虱的防治。  相似文献   

16.
【目的】 系统评价市场上常用杀虫剂对褐飞虱不同虫态的作用特性,为选择对口药剂进行防治提供依据。【方法】 采用稻苗浸渍法,在室内条件下测定了9种新烟碱类药剂和10种其他类型杀虫剂对褐飞虱不同虫态的杀虫活性、速效性和持效性。【结果】 1)杀虫活性：不同杀虫剂活性存在显著差异。其中,烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺、毒死蜱、氟啶虫胺腈、呋虫胺和环氧虫啶活性最好,其次为哒嗪硫磷、乙基多杀菌素、吡蚜酮、异丙威,阿维菌素;其余药剂中噻虫嗪、甲维盐、氟啶虫酰胺对2~3龄若虫有一定活性而对4~5龄虫活性差,噻嗪酮、吡虫啉、噻虫啉、啶虫脒、氯噻啉对两种虫态的活性均较差。2)速效性：毒死蜱、哒嗪硫磷的速效性最好,异丙威、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺等次之,吡蚜酮最差。3)持效性：吡蚜酮、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺、环氧虫啶持效期>15 d,其中吡蚜酮最好,药后0、5和10 d连续3批接的试虫死亡率无显著差异。4)成虫：呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺、环氧虫啶、毒死蜱、异丙威、吡蚜酮对雌雄成虫均有效,类似于若虫。5)卵：毒死蜱、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺和噻虫胺对卵及孵化的若虫均有效;吡蚜酮、环氧虫啶、异丙威等无明显杀卵活性,但吡蚜酮对孵化若虫有较好的杀虫活性。【结论】 19种药剂中,适于褐飞虱防治的有吡蚜酮、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺、噻虫胺、环氧虫啶、氟啶虫胺腈、毒死蜱、哒嗪硫磷、异丙威共9种。其中,吡蚜酮持效性最佳且对卵之外各虫态活性较好,但速效性最差。呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺和环氧虫啶等的速效性、持效性均较突出,且前三者对各虫态均有效。氟啶虫胺腈杀虫活性和速效性均好,但持效性差于新烟碱类。毒死蜱和哒嗪硫磷可单独或在防治其他害虫时兼防治褐飞虱,其中毒死蜱速效性最好,适合于大虫量时快速压低虫量。异丙威杀虫活性弱于新烟碱类,但速效性强于新烟碱类药剂,适合与吡蚜酮等混用或复配。此外,用于鳞翅目害虫防治的乙基多杀菌素、阿维菌素、甲维盐对褐飞虱有一定活性,适合防治其他害虫时兼治褐飞虱。而其余药剂如吡虫啉、噻嗪酮、噻虫嗪等7种药剂不适用于褐飞虱的防治。  相似文献   

17.
Vineyards were surveyed for grapevine leafroll-associated viruses and their insect vectors in New York State’s Finger Lakes region in 2006–2008. Grape mealybug, Pseudococcus maritimus (Erhorn) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), European Fruit Lecanium, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouche), and Cottony Maple Scale, Pulvinaria acericola (Walsh and Riley) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) were identified as vector species in this region. An increase in the incidence of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) and GLRaV-3 was observed in 8 of the 20 vineyards surveyed, which implies transmission by these insect vectors. Two of the vineyards for which a temporal increase in disease incidence was documented were then used to evaluate the efficacy of foliar applications of horticultural oil and two classes of insecticides for control of P. maritimus and for slowing virus spread over 2 years of vine protection. Delayed dormant applications of horticultural oil contributed to control of early season crawlers; however, this was not the case for control of summer populations. Applications of acetamiprid and spirotetramat achieved control in summer populations; however, spirotetramat outperformed acetamiprid in percent reduction of treated compared with control vines and in a side-by-side trial. Vines treated with spirotetramat had a lower percentage of new vines testing positive for GLRaV-1 than control vines after 2 years, while no other spray program altered the increase in incidence of GLRaV-1 or -3.  相似文献   

18.
【目的】系统评价市场上常用杀虫剂对褐飞虱不同虫态的作用特性,为选择对口药剂进行防治提供依据。【方法】采用稻苗浸渍法,在室内条件下测定了9种新烟碱类药剂和10种其他类型杀虫剂对褐飞虱不同虫态的杀虫活性、速效性和持效性。【结果】1)杀虫活性:不同杀虫剂活性存在显著差异。其中,烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺、毒死蜱、氟啶虫胺腈、呋虫胺和环氧虫啶活性最好,其次为哒嗪硫磷、乙基多杀菌素、吡蚜酮、异丙威,阿维菌素;其余药剂中噻虫嗪、甲维盐、氟啶虫酰胺对2~3龄若虫有一定活性而对4~5龄虫活性差,噻嗪酮、吡虫啉、噻虫啉、啶虫脒、氯噻啉对两种虫态的活性均较差。2)速效性:毒死蜱、哒嗪硫磷的速效性最好,异丙威、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺等次之,吡蚜酮最差。3)持效性:吡蚜酮、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺、环氧虫啶持效期>15d,其中吡蚜酮最好,药后0、5和10 d连续3批接的试虫死亡率无显著差异。4)成虫:呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺、环氧虫啶、毒死蜱、异丙威、吡蚜酮对雌雄成虫均有效,类似于若虫。5)卵:毒死蜱、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺和噻虫胺对卵及孵化的若虫均有效;吡蚜酮、环氧虫啶、异丙威等无明显杀卵活性,但吡蚜酮对孵化若虫有较好的杀虫活性。【结论】19种药剂中,适于褐飞虱防治的有吡蚜酮、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺、噻虫胺、环氧虫啶、氟啶虫胺腈、毒死蜱、哒嗪硫磷、异丙威共9种。其中,吡蚜酮持效性最佳且对卵之外各虫态活性较好,但速效性最差。呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺和环氧虫啶等的速效性、持效性均较突出,且前三者对各虫态均有效。氟啶虫胺腈杀虫活性和速效性均好,但持效性差于新烟碱类。毒死蜱和哒嗪硫磷可单独或在防治其他害虫时兼防治褐飞虱,其中毒死蜱速效性最好,适合于大虫量时快速压低虫量。异丙威杀虫活性弱于新烟碱类,但速效性强于新烟碱类药剂,适合与吡蚜酮等混用或复配。此外,用于鳞翅目害虫防治的乙基多杀菌素、阿维菌素、甲维盐对褐飞虱有一定活性,适合防治其他害虫时兼治褐飞虱。而其余药剂如吡虫啉、噻嗪酮、噻虫嗪等7种药剂不适用于褐飞虱的防治。  相似文献   

19.
Drosophila suzukii is an invasive insect pest which has major impacts on small fruit production throughout North America. Current control programs use frequent applications of broad-spectrum insecticides. To prevent resistance, modes of action must be rotated. This study examines the acute and residual efficacy of rotational treatment programs designed to meet the needs of commercial growers in the southeastern United States, a region which experiences significant precipitation throughout the growing season. All insecticide applications had greater adult acute mortality than controls, and some had residual efficacy for three or more days after treatment. Programs had no residual effects at seven days after treatment. Within programs, organophosphates (phosmet and malathion) and pyrethroids (zeta-cypermethrin and fenpropathrin) were the most effective. Some programs also resulted in less offspring production by D. suzukii in bioassays and reduced field infestation compared to controls. Results show that effective, season-long rotational chemical treatment programs can be designed to minimize crop damage, meet exportation requirements and manage for resistance. Understanding the effect of regional climate on the performance of individual insecticide treatments and their efficacy will be critical for widespread implementation of effective control programs for D. suzukii.  相似文献   

20.
Eight field experiments with maize (Zea mays L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were carried out in central Italy in order to evaluate the effects of mechanical and chemical methods (spring-tine harrowing, hoeing, hoeing-ridging, split-hoeing, finger-weeding, herbicides in the row + inter-row hoeing, herbicides broadcast) on weed control, weed seed rain and crop yield. The choice of chemical and mechanical treatments in maize and soyabean compared to sunflower, required to be managed more carefully in order to maximize the weed control reducing yield losses. A global rating of weed control methods, based on their weed control efficacy, was obtained as useful means to assist farmers and technicians to choose the more appropriate weed control method. The combination of herbicides intra-row and hoeing inter-row gave best efficacy (on average 99% of weed control), with a 50% reduction in the chemical load in the environment. Hoeing-ridging gave good results, both inter- and intra-row (on average 93% of weed control); this method was also effective in reducing competitive ability and seed production of uncontrolled weeds. Split-hoeing or finger-weeding showed some limitations giving satisfactory results only when combined. Harrowing gave lowest weed control, although when combined to other mechanical methods, can help achieve a better efficacy.  相似文献   

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