共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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针叶树木材细胞力学及纵向弹性模量的计算--试件纵向弹性模量的预测 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
依据针叶树木材管胞和射线细胞的结构模型。使用计算机抽样模拟解剖结构参数。以及使用针叶树木材纵向弹性模量计算公式和方法,计算人工林杉木,马尾松幼龄材和成熟材试件纵向弹性模量,计算结果与常温条件下气干试件测定结果十分符合。在试件晚材率和管胞解剖结构参数改变的条件下。计算预测了人工林杉木,马尾松幼龄材和成熟材纵向弹性模量的变化。结果表明：试件纵向弹性模量随晚材率,管胞长度,管胞壁厚度的增加而增加,而试件纵向弹性模量随管胞直径增加而减小。本文提出的纵向弹性模量计算的预测方法,对于运用现代生物技术控制和改变针叶树木材的材质,材性有实际意义。 相似文献
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针叶树材纵向气体渗透的三维流阻网络 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
气体在木材中的渗透是通过木材内的孔隙通道进行 ,而木材内的孔隙结构非常复杂 ,在纵向、径向、弦向的连接特性均不相同。以往关于针叶树材气体渗透的模型或理论 ,只考虑针叶树材内气体渗透通道在 1个或 2个方向上的连接。本文根据针叶树材管胞流阻和管胞在纵向、径向、弦向的连接特性 ,建立了一个描述针叶树材纵向气体渗透性的三维流阻网络 ,并运用重正化变换求解出流阻网络的流阻 ,计算了针叶树材气体纵向渗透系数。所得马尾松木材气体纵向渗透系数计算值与其测量结果进行比较 ,两者十分吻合 ,表明本文关于针叶树材气体纵向渗透三维流阻网络理论的科学性 相似文献
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针对树材气体渗透性与气体在管胞中的流动特性和规律紧密相关，研究管胞的气体渗透流阻，可以获得关于针叶树材气体渗透性更深入的认识。本文从针叶树材管胞解剖结构出发，运用流体力学理论，导出了管胞3个纹理方向渗透气体流阻的数学表达式，并由此计算了针叶树材管胞的气体渗透系数。计算结果表明，管胞流阻可以描述气体渗透阻力的分布情况，反映气体渗透性在3个纹理方向的差异，在木材细胞层次揭示针叶树材气体渗透性的机制。 相似文献
5.
针叶树木材流体纵向渗透性与其构造关系的理论分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文首次提出搭接面及侧面胞壁上纹孔在流体纵向渗透时的不同作用,并运用流体力学的原理,对针叶树木材流体纵向渗透性与其构造的关系进行了系统分析。结果表明：针叶树木材流体渗透系数等于早、晚材对其贡献之和,早、晚材对其的贡献,分别等于单位面积上流体流动路径数、管胞平均长度与纹孔膜膜缘厚度比值及纹孔膜微孔的比渗透性三者之积。经验证,研究结果与实测值较好的相符。 相似文献
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应用X射线衍射技术研究竹材超微结构I.竹材纤丝角 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
厚壁细胞Ｓ2 层纤丝角作为木材、棉花等纤维植物的重要参量已为许多文章所肯定。对于木材 ,纤丝角与材性、生长、解剖特性之间的关系 ,已有不少研究。Ｃａｖｅ等 (1994 )认为 :速生人工林木材由木芯向外 ,纵向弹性模量相差了 3～ 5倍 ,而密度的变化最多约 50 %左右 ,模量其所以有如此大的变化 ,是由于由木芯向外纤丝角有较大变化所致。平川泰彦等 (1997)对Ｓｕｇｉ(Ｃｒｙｐｔｏｍｅｒｉａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ)材的弹性模量进行研究 ,求得模量与密度、纤丝角之间的回归方程。关于纤丝角与解剖参数之间的关系 ,Ｐｒｅｓｔｏｎ曾经得到下述管胞长… 相似文献
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基于纳米压痕技术的木材胶合界面力学行为 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】研究木材胶合界面的静态和动态力学行为,探讨树脂渗透对木材管胞壁层力学性能的影响,为木质复合材料制造工艺优化和增强改性提供理论依据。【方法】采用纳米压痕静态和动态力学测试技术(Nano-DMA),对针叶材火炬松与酚醛树脂(PF)、脲醛树脂(UF)胶黏剂所形成胶合界面区域各相材料的静态弹性模量、硬度、蠕变性能以及储能模量和损耗模量等力学行为进行分析。【结果】静态力学行为方面,在界面区域,PF和UF渗透进入管胞壁层后,木材管胞壁的弹性模量( E r)和硬度( H )提高;经PF渗透后,木材管胞壁的 E r和 H 分别增加7%和26%;Burgers蠕变力学模型可有效描述胶合界面区域管胞壁的纳米压痕蠕变特性,经树脂渗透后,木材管胞壁的瞬时弹性模量增加,黏弹性模量和黏性系数减小;在保载初期,PF界面区域木材管胞壁的蠕变柔量约下降60%,UF界面区域木材管胞壁的蠕变柔量约下降58%。动态力学行为方面,随着加载频率增加,界面材料的储能模量( E ′ r)逐渐增大,而损耗模量( E ″ r)和损耗因子(tan δ)呈减小趋势;当加载频率为10 Hz时,PF和UF树脂渗透使得管胞壁层的储能模量分别增加16%和29%。【结论】胶合界面区域胶黏剂进入管胞壁层,对木材管胞的静态力学性能具有增强作用,同时胶黏剂可提高管胞壁的短期抗蠕变能力;木材管胞壁具有较高的储能模量和损耗模量,而树脂的储能模量和损耗模量较低,经树脂渗透后,木材管胞壁的储能模量增加,但损耗模量和损耗因子呈下降趋势,可能对界面传递和分散应力产生不利影响。 相似文献
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本文研究了广西人工林马尾松木材性质的变异及幼龄材与成熟材的差异。结果表明 ,幼龄材与成熟材的分界年龄在 14 16a ,解剖性质在径向上的变异规律为 :射线比量、树脂道比量、胞壁率、胞腔直径、胞壁厚、管胞长度、管胞宽度和晚材壁腔比是自髓心向外呈递增趋势 ,管胞比量和晚材率为递减趋势 ,早材壁腔比和早材腔径比则近似于一条直线。方差分析结果表明 :树脂道比量、胞壁率、胞壁厚、管胞长度和管胞宽度 ,幼龄材与成熟材差异达显著或极显著水平。 5项木材物理力学性质均为成熟材高于幼龄材 ,且均达差异显著水平。木材性质间的相关分析表明 :木材基本密度与管胞长度、管胞宽度、射线比量、树脂道比量、胞壁率呈显著的正相关关系 ,木材气干密度与抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度也呈显著的正相关关系 相似文献
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以白皮松（Pinus bungeana）为研究对象,采用光学显微镜、偏光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜结合细胞壁组织化学染色等木材解剖学方法,探究木质部分化中轴向管胞与射线细胞的微观构造特征变化及其木质化进程。组织离析与形态学分析结果表明：木质部分化中轴向管胞在细胞扩大后其细胞长度基本稳定,随着木质部的分化,射线管胞的细胞壁厚度不断增加,而在当年生木质部中未发现射线薄壁细胞的细胞壁加厚。木质素的自发荧光及其特异性染色分析结果表明：轴向管胞的木质化进程开始于次生壁S1层加厚阶段的胞间层与细胞角隅,射线管胞的木质化进程与轴向管胞类似,在当年生木质部内射线薄壁细胞未发生木质化。木质部分化过程中管胞（轴向、射线）与射线薄壁细胞的细胞壁加厚及木质化进程具有明显差异。 相似文献
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原条木材弹性模量是进行原条运材机械设备的静力学和动力学理论研究时所必需的主要特性参数之一。本文仅就原条木材弹性模量的测定方法问题,进行初步探讨。一、理论依据在研究原条的木材弹性模量时,我们把原条视为在外力P 作用下的双支座梁(图1)。在断面上,梁的弹性横向位移取决于原条(梁)的几何参数、弹性模量E 和剪切弹性模量G。当梁(原条)的跨度与其横断面高度的比值较大时,其横向力对梁的变形影响可以忽略。 相似文献
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人工兴安落叶松次生木质部的解剖学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用木材解剖图像分析系统和显微照相的方法对人工兴安落叶松次生木质部的解剖结构进行研究,结果表明:落叶松具正常树脂道和受伤树脂道两种类型,前者常见于晚材。落叶松生长轮内的早晚材在干和枝内急变,在根内缓变。早材管胞呈六边形至多边形,胞壁常见单列具缘纹孔,偶见对列具缘纹孔;晚材管胞多呈矩形,胞壁鲜见具缘纹孔,通常为单列具缘纹孔。落叶松木射线同时具有单列木射线和纺锤形木射线两种类型,纺锤形木射线中仅含一枚纵行树脂道。纵行管胞与木射线交叉形成的纹孔场为云杉型。从根到干再到枝,管胞逐渐细化,管胞长度逐渐减小,木射线分布由密到疏。 相似文献
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To predict the origin of longitudinal elasticity of the solid wood in relation to the composite structure of the wood cell
wall, an analytical procedure was developed on the basis of the idea of “the reinforced-matrix hypothesis” originally introduced
by Barber and Meylan (1964). A multi-layered circular cylinder, having the CML, the S1, and the S2 layers, was used as a model
of the ligno-cellulosic (wood) fiber, and the elastic properties of an isolated wood fiber were formulated mathematically.
In the formulation, not only the structural factors, such as the microfibril angle and the thickness of each layer, but also
the environmental condition, e.g. the moisture content, were taken into consideration. The effects of the moisture content
and the microfibril angle upon the longitudinal Young's modulus and the Poisson's ratio of the wood fiber were simulated by
using the newly derived formulae. It is anticipated to give a start to estimate the fine structure and the internal properties
of the cell wall constituents in relation to the macroscopic behaviors of the wood through simulating the mechanical behaviors
of the wood fiber.
Received 17 August 1999 相似文献
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Longitudinal hardness and Young's modulus of spruce tracheid secondary walls using nanoindentation technique 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
Dr. R. Wimmer Dr. B. N. Lucas W. C. Oliver Dr. T. Y. Tsui 《Wood Science and Technology》1997,31(2):131-141
Summary Using a mechanical properties microprobe, measurements of hardness and elastic modulus of tracheid walls in the longitudinal direction of spruce wood were obtained by continuously measuring force and displacement as a diamond indenter impressed a cell wall. Maximum mechanical properties were found at the edges of the walls of angular shaped tracheids. Both the hardness and elastic modulus of latewood cell walls were higher than cell walls in the earlywood. The high spatial resolution of this new concept of mechanical testing allows a direct comparison with ultrastructural and microchemical parameters of lignified cells which opens a wider area of applications for the understanding of intrinsic wood properties.This work was conducted while the senior author was a Visiting Scientist at the Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA partly with joint fundings from the Austrian Science Foundation (Schrödinger scholarship J799-BIO) 相似文献
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Noritsugu Terashima Kohei Kitano Miho Kojima Masato Yoshida Hiroyuki Yamamoto Ulla Westermark 《Journal of Wood Science》2009,55(6):409-416
Physical, chemical, and biological properties of wood depend largely on the properties of cellulose, noncellulosic polysaccharides,
and lignin, and their assembly mode in the cell wall. Information on the assembly mode in the main part of the ginkgo tracheid
wall (middle layer of secondary wall, S2) was drawn from the combined results obtained by physical and chemical analyses of
the mechanically isolated S2 and by observation under scanning electron microscopy. A schematic model was tentatively proposed
as a basic assembly mode of cell wall polymers in the softwood tracheid as follows: a bundle of cellulose microfibrils (CMFs)
consisting of about 430 cellulose chains is surrounded by bead-like tubular hemicellulose-lignin modules (HLM), which keep
the CMF bundles equidistant from each other. The length of one tubular module along the CMF bundle is about 16 ± 2 nm, and
the thickness at its side is about 3–4 nm. In S2, hemicelluloses are distributed in a longitudinal direction along the CMF
bundle and in tangential and radial directions perpendicular to the CMF bundle so that they are aligned in the lamellae of
tangential and radial directions with regard to the cell wall. One HLM contains about 7000 C6-C3 units of lignin, and 4000 hexose and 2000 pentose units of hemicellulose. 相似文献
15.
不同湿地松种源木材材性遗传变异的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本文对浙江省长乐林场的湿地松 (Pinuselliottii) 18个种源的木材性质进行测定与分析。结果表明 ,种源间木材气干密度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量和顺纹抗压强度差异极显著 ;管胞长度与宽度、冲击韧性差异显著 ,而管胞壁厚及胞壁率差异不显著 ;种源内木材气干密度、力学强度及胞壁率差异不显著 ,管胞长、宽和壁厚的差异均显著且高于种源间的差异。实验结果表明在种源水平上 ,进行木材气干密度、力学强度和管胞形态的种源选择 ,可取得良好的效果 ;种源内个体管胞形态 (管胞长、宽和壁厚 )变异大于种源间的差异 ,表明湿地松种源材质改良如在种源选择基础上进行个体改良会取得更好的增益。 18个种源木材管胞长度及宽度、管胞壁厚、胞壁率的广义遗传力分别为 :0 36 15、0 5 993、0 74 73、0 16 98;木材气干密度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、顺纹抗压强度与冲击韧性的广义遗传力分别为 :0 4 14 2、0 2 6 4 6、0 10 82、0 2 977和 0 12 4 6 ;种源树高及胸径的广义遗传力为 :0 4 0 5 7和 0 4 74 7;说明湿地松种源木材管胞性状、木材气干密度及树木生长性状 (胞壁率除外 )受中度或弱度遗传控制 ,通过一定强度的选择 ,能获得较高的遗传增益。本研究还从树木生长性状与管胞形态、力学强度方面对 18个种源进 相似文献
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This study is focused on what factor mainly affects the mechanical properties of each wood species in the lateral direction. At first, the influence of the density which is closely related to mechanical properties in the longitudinal direction was also researched in the lateral direction. Thus, the elastic modulus, strength, and failure strain in the lateral tension were measured using thin cross-sectional samples of softwoods and hardwoods, having wide varieties in the density and anatomical features. The results obtained are as follows. The linear relationship between the density and the elastic modulus which has been verified in the longitudinal direction was not observed in the lateral tension for the samples with the annual ring inclination of 90°, which samples were influenced by ray arranged parallel to the tensile direction. However, samples with the annual ring inclination of 45° showed the high correlation between the density and the elastic modulus due to the shearing deformation of the cell shape. On the other hand, the proportional relationship between the elastic modulus and strength which has been verified in the longitudinal direction was not observed in the lateral tension except for the samples with the annual ring inclination of 90°. From the results obtained, it was revealed that the mechanical properties of wood in the lateral direction were significantly affected not only by the density but also by the structural features such as deformation of cell shapes, arrangement of ray or vessels, and the degree of the transition from the earlywood to the latewood. 相似文献
17.
Pontamine fast scarlet 4B: a new fluorescent dye for visualising cell wall organisation in radiata pine tracheids 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jimmy Thomas Manfred Ingerfeld Hema Nair Shakti Singh Chauhan David A. Collings 《Wood Science and Technology》2013,47(1):59-75
Using confocal microscopy, tracheid wall organisation was investigated with pontamine fast scarlet 4B (P4B), a cellulose-specific stain that fluoresced red following green excitation. P4B fluorescence was present throughout unlignified walls (cambium, ray cells, resin canals and parenchyma cells) and in two concentric bands around opposite and compression wood tracheids. Scanning electron micrographs demonstrated these bands as the S1 and S3 layers of normal wood, and the S1 and inner S2 layers of compression wood. Fluorescence was also strongly dependent on the polarisation of the excitation light, a phenomenon referred to as bifluorescence. Compared to two other cell wall stains, Congo red and calcofluor white, P4B showed a higher specificity for the S1 and S3 layers and increased bifluorescence. These results suggest that P4B is an ideal tool with which to investigate the orientation of cellulose microfibrils in the S1 and S3 layers of the tracheid wall. 相似文献