共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The performance of microprocessors has increased steadily over the past 20 years at a rate of about 50% per year. This is the cumulative result of architectural improvements as well as increases in circuit speed. Moreover, this improvement has been obtained in a transparent fashion, that is, without requiring programmers to rethink their algorithms and programs, thereby enabling the tremendous proliferation of computers that we see today. To continue this performance growth, microprocessor designers have incorporated instruction-level parallelism (ILP) into new designs. ILP utilizes the parallel execution ofthe lowest level computer operations-adds, multiplies, loads, and so on-to increase performance transparently. The use of ILP promises to make possible, within the next few years, microprocessors whose performance is many times that of a CRAY-IS. This article provides an overview of ILP, with an emphasis on ILP architectures-superscalar, VLIW, and dataflow processors-and the compiler techniques necessary to make ILP work well. 相似文献
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Massively parallel computers offer scientists a new tool for computation, with capabilities and limitations that are substantially different from those of traditional serial computers. Most categories of large-scale scientific computations have proven remarkably amenable to parallel computation, but often the algorithms involved are different from those used on sequential machines. By surveying a range of examples of parallel scientific computations, this article summarizes our current understanding of the issues of applicability and programming of parallel computers for scientific applications. 相似文献
3.
Multiprocessors built from today's microprocessors are economically attractive. Although we can use these multiprocessors for time-sharing applications, it would be preferable to use them as true parallel processors. One key to achieving efficient parallel processing is to match the communications capabilities of the multiprocessor to the communications needs of the problem. The other key is improved parallel programming systems. If these are achieved, then efficient parallel processing can be approached from both ends by providing more communications capability in the hardware and restructuring the problem to reduce the communications requirements. 相似文献
4.
Advances in electronics and computers have enabled industries to attain better control of their processes with resulting increases in quality, productivity, profitability, and compliance with government regulations. With a hierarchy of computers, distributed data acquisition, and information processing and control, it is possible to achieve overall optimum performance of a plant. While further advances in microprocessors and large-scale integration will be useful to the process engineer, major improvements in process control await advances in sensor technology and software. 相似文献
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David H. Potten 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》1985,1(1):111-118
Since 1980 there has been huge growth in the commercial use of computers in relation to daily farming activities in the U.K. Three main types of application are involved, Bureau services, stand-alone computers on the farm, and on-line services such as Prestel Farmlink through the farmer's television set.Over 120 companies offer computer services to farmers, and 88 were surveyed for this study. Between them they offered 253 different packages of which the most common are for dairy and pig herd management, financial management, arable crops management and other livestock applications.There are no hard data on the number of farmers who use computers, but the proportion is greater than in most other countries. At present at least a third of the companies in the sector have formed joint ventures to market existing packages or develop new applications, and the recent rapid pace of change in the sector is expected to continue. 相似文献
6.
Schechter RS Chaskelis HH Mignogna RB Delsanto PP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1994,265(5176):1188-1192
Parallel processing has changed the way much computational physics is done. Areas such as condensed matter physics, fluid dynamics, and other fields are making use of massively parallel computers to solve immense and important problems in new ways. Simulating wave propagation is another area that has benefited through the use of parallel processing. This is graphically illustrated in this article by various numerical simulations of ultrasonic pulses propagating through solids carried out on a massively parallel computer. These computations are accompanied by visualizations of the resulting wavefield. The calculations and visualizations, together, can be completed in only seconds to several minutes and compare well with experimental data. The computations and parallel processing techniques described should be important in related fields, such as geophysics, acoustics, and mechanics. 相似文献
7.
Gabriel RP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,231(4741):975-978
The demand for high-speed computers is increasing, and as the limits on single-processor computers are approached, researchers are turning their attention to parallel computers. Parallel computers have more than one processing element; massively parallel computers contain many processing elements. Constructing computers on this scale and learning how to program them effectively will be major challenges in the next decade. Several such computers, for example the Connection Machine and the NON-VON, are under development. 相似文献
8.
More and more scientists and engineers are becoming interested in using supercomputers. Earlier barriers to using these machines are disappearing as software for their use improves. Meanwhile, new parallel supercomputer architectures are emerging that may provide rapid growth in performance. These systems may use a large number of processors with an intricate memory system that is both parallel and hierarchical; they will require even more advanced software. Compilers that restructure user programs to exploit the machine organization seem to be essential. A wide range of algorithms and applications is being developed in an effort to provide high parallel processing performance in many fields. The Cedar supercomputer, presently operating with eight processors in parallel, uses advanced system and applications software developed at the University of Illinois during the past 12 years. This software should allow the number of processors in Cedar to be doubled annually, providing rapid performance advances in the next decade. 相似文献
9.
Continuing improvements in integrated circuit technology and computer architecture have driven microprocessors to performance levels that rival those of supercomputers-at a fraction of the price. The use of sophisticated memory hierarchies enables microprocessor-based machines to have very large memories built from commodity dynamic random access memory while retaining the high bandwidth and low access time needed in a high-performance machine. Parallel processors composed of these high-performance microprocessors are becoming the supercomputing technology of choice for scientific and engineering applications. The challenges for these new supercomputers have been in developing multiprocessor architectures that are easy to program and that deliver high performance without extraordinary programming efforts by users. Recent progress in multiprocessor architecture has led to ways to meet these challenges. 相似文献
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Wyant JC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1979,206(4415):168-172
Increased performance requirements for modern optical systems have necessitated the development of more precise optical testing techniques. The need for accurate and rapid measurements is being met by the use of laser interferometers, microprocessors to gather test data, and computers to analyze the data and remove errors in the test equipment. 相似文献
12.
于克蛟 《东北农业大学学报》2007,38(4):532-535
利用计算机并口的EPP(Enhanced parallel port)模式来实现计算机高速数据输出和输入。本系统主要由Altera公司生产的FPGA芯片EPC10K10LC84-4、激光发射头、激光接收器组成。其功能可以实现两台计算机之间无线传输文本及文件。FPGA芯片完成数据的并串与串并转换,其程序由VHDL硬件描述语言编写。激光发射器与接收器完成串行数据之间的传输。与两台互相通信的计算机端口的操作和数据的发送与读写有关的程序由VC编写。整个系统完全由USB口提供5V电源,无需另加外置电源。整个传输过程只需由人用鼠标和键盘做简单的控制,即可由计算机和激光传输系统自行完成,将其显示在屏幕上。 相似文献
13.
Recent advances in microprocessor technology are making a new generation of personal computers feasible and affordable. These computers, called "workstations," can be connected with other workstations, with mainframe computers, with supercomputers, and with remote networks. Workstations provide the graphical interface to supercomputers and can run applications that formerly required the use of mainframe computers. Emerging standards for communications, graphics, databases, numerical algorithms, and languages allow workstations to share programs with various types of computers, including mainframe and personal computers. 相似文献
14.
依据中国生猪市场2003—2010年的销售价格和成本数据,运用委托-代理和交易成本理论,利用投入产出方法,研究规模生猪加工企业垂直协作模式的交易成本.结果表明,在目前的市场环境下,规模生猪加工企业规模适宜采用紧密型契约、战略联盟和纵向一体化相结合的综合模式. 相似文献
15.
Sociological data sets are now being computer analyzed by means of a variety of sophisticated procedures, to produce results that reflect the intricacy of social life. Computers also are being used to conduct simulations of social processes based on mathematical models and to collect the data for analysis. Portable computers allow computing power to be used in field studies, and the relatively low cost of computers is expanding the range of sociologists who use them. While opening up new research opportunities, computers also bring certain problems for social researchers and teachers. 相似文献
16.
夏雪 《农业图书情报学刊》2013,(11):53-56
云计算是分布式处理、并行处理及网格计算发展到一定阶段的产物．可以说云计算实现了计算机科学概念的商业化发展。随着信息技术的不断发展,图书馆中各种信息资源的形式也越来越多样化。包括图像资料、音频与视频资料、网页、文档及各类软件等。图书馆要提高这些信息资源管理的有效性与安全性,必须引入先进的信息技术。由此可见,云计算在图书馆信息服务中的应用是必然的发展方向。针对图书馆信息服务过程中云计算的应用展开讨论。 相似文献
17.
Birnbaum JS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1982,215(4534):760-765
Enormous progress in electronic technology is accelerating the use of computers in everyday life. In this article trends in hardware, input-output technology, computer architecture, software, communications, and artificial intelligence are examined and complexity is identified as a limitation to further progress. Promising directions of research, which may extend the range of computer applications, are discussed. 相似文献
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流量计量装置与SCADA系统配置方案 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
流量计量及流量标定的过程比较复杂，目前广泛采用流量计算机对流量计算装置进行数据采集，处理。尽管厂商已有成套的流量计算机和流量计量装置，但对用户来说尽可能采用自己已有的ＳＣＡＤＡ系统来监计量装置，而不购置专用的流量计算机，以避免投资浪费。 相似文献
20.
Hudson CA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1982,215(4534):818-825
Computers are now widely used in product design and in automation of selected areas in factories. Within the next decade, the use of computers in the entire spectrum of manufacturing applications, from computer-aided design to computer-aided manufacturing and robotics, is expected to be practical and economically justified. Such widespread use of computers on the factory floor awaits further advances in computer capabilities, the emergence of systems that are adaptive to the workplace, and the development of interfaces to link islands of automation and to allow effective user communications. 相似文献