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不同采收期单叶蔓荆子挥发油成分的分析比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取不同采收时期(早、中、晚)的单叶蔓荆子挥发油,得率分别为0.35%、0.41%和0.39%。气相色谱-质谱联用分析结果表明:从3种采收期蔓荆子挥发油中分别分离鉴定得到19、22和29种成分;虽然仅有5种相同成分:1,8-桉油精(1,8-环氧对薄荷烷)、反-水合桧烯、β-葑基乙醇、β-荜澄茄油烯和τ-萘醇等(在早、中、晚期样中这5种成分总质量分数分别为13.778%、12.871%和15.097%),但主体成分均为单萜及倍半萜类化合物(3个时期样中的质量分数分别为99.6%、90.2%和94.1%)。不同采收期的蔓荆子挥发油主要成分各有特征:早期呈高蒎烷型,中期呈高乙酰氧基-对-薄荷烷型,晚期呈高对-薄荷烷(二烯)型;具代表性的首要成分分别为α-蒎烯(34.994%)、1-乙酰氧基-对-薄荷烷-4(8)-烯(63.943%)和dl-柠檬烯(4-薄荷烷-1,8-二烯,31.819%)。早期挥发油中质量分数较高的还有1-乙酰氧基-对-薄荷烷-4(8)-烯(22.972%)、β-水芹烯(10.753%)、1,8-桉油精(8.151%)和桧烯(7.842%)等,而晚期有β-蒎烯(15.798%)、β-石竹烯(10.043%)和1,8-桉油精(5.927%)。此外,中期出现4种脂肪族化合物(占总质量的6.08%);晚期不含有1-乙酰氧基-对-薄荷烷-4(8)-烯,而出现一些沸点较高的三环倍半萜类如δ-古芸烯(3.584%)、β-荜澄茄油烯(6.774%)。 相似文献
3.
轮叶蒲桃叶片挥发油化学成分分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
比较福建省闽侯产与长汀产轮叶蒲桃叶片挥发油年含量变化,分析不同产地轮叶蒲桃叶片挥发油化学成分.采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取不同产地轮叶蒲桃叶片挥发油,用GC毛细管柱进行分析,归一化法测其相对含量,并用GC/MS/DS对化学成分进行鉴定.结果表明:轮叶蒲桃叶片挥发油主要为萜烯与萜烯醇类化合物.闽侯产挥发油检出成分35个,占总峰面积的84.09%,含量5%以上的主要成分为β-荜澄茄烯(16.31%)、β-杜松烯(10.78%)、Elixene(8.36%)、τ-杜松烯(5.23%);长汀产挥发油检出成分32个,占总峰面积的72.08%,含量5%以上的主要成分为匙叶桉油烯醇(11.29%)、β-芹子烯(8.72%)、τ-杜松烯(8.23%)、τ-依兰油烯(6.68%)、香树烯(6.24%)、α-古芸烯(5.58%).福建闽侯、长汀产轮叶蒲桃叶片挥发油化学成分种类相近,主要成分含量有明显差别. 相似文献
4.
应用GC-MS技术对福建产的含笑叶、花挥发油成分进行分离鉴定。从含笑叶挥发油中鉴定出35种成分,占色谱峰总面积的90.83%,其主要成分为β-榄香烯(29.82%)、石竹烯(11.87%)、Elixene(8.39%)、γ-榄香烯(7.26%)和(Z)-5,11,14,17-二十碳四烯酸甲酯(5.70%);从含笑花挥发油中鉴定出23种成分,占色谱峰总面积的94.53%,其主要成分为β-榄香烯(41.08%)、(Z)-5,11,14,17-二十碳四烯酸甲酯(14.56%)、石竹烯(9.53%)、Elixene(7.31%)和大根香叶烯D(5.43%)。试验结果表明,含笑叶、花挥发油组分较为相似,且都含有丰富的抗肿瘤活性成分β-榄香烯,具有较高的药用价值,值得进一步研究并开发利用。 相似文献
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长叶竹柏挥发油的化学成分研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用水蒸气蒸馏法提取罗汉松科植物长叶竹柏(Podocarpus fleuryi Hickel)叶片中的挥发油,得油率为0．5％,采用GC-MS方法进行化学成分分析,首次鉴定出24种化合物,占总离子流出峰面积的97．29％。长叶竹柏挥发油的主要成分为萜烯类和醇类物质,主要有α-蒎烯(8.67％)、(-)-β-榄香烯(2．68％)、β-石竹烯(3．97％)、( )-喇叭烯(2．11％)、大根香叶烯(21.56％)、4-异亚丙烯基-1-乙烯基烯(45．13％)、β-杜松烯(2．02％)和(-)-斯巴醇(3．15％)。 相似文献
6.
研究了安徽电溪戏剧性以种源试验林场不同种源的戏剧性以及南京等地工的马尾松共１２０余株针叶中的萜类化学组成。结果表明在挥发油中主要含有α－蒎烯、莰烯、β－蒎烯、乙酸芳樟酯等８个单萜类成分和β－石竹烯等１１个倍半萜成分。在酸性部分主含４种脂肪酸和１３种二萜酸。根据其二萜酸组成将戏剧性以分成７个化学类型，它们分别是１９－甲基贝壳极酸型，泪极醚酸型、１复瓦杉酸型、湿地松酸型、泪杉醚酸＋１９－甲基贝壳极酸型 相似文献
7.
蒙山地区黑松松针及枝条挥发油成分的气相质谱-色谱分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用水蒸气蒸馏技术提取了蒙山地区黑松松针及枝条挥发油,经气相色谱-质谱分析,共分离和鉴定出48种化学成分,其主要成分为萜烯类,其他成分为烷烃类、醇类和酯类等。其中松针挥发油中分离鉴定出43种挥发性成分,主要为α-蒎烯（25．02％）、莰烯（6．20％）、β-蒎烯（12．140．4）、3-蒈烯（4．89％）、α-松油醇（8．22％）、异松油烯（5．87％）、β-石竹烯醇（3.78％）等;枝条挥发油中分离鉴定出29种挥发性成分,主要为α-蒎烯（35．67％）、β-蒎烯（19．50％）、D-柠檬烯（14．33％）、异松油烯（4．31％）等。松针及枝条挥发油共有成分24种,其中萜烯类22种,醇类2种,但二者还含有各自的特异性成分,表明挥发油成分在不同组织中存在差异。 相似文献
8.
光叶拟单性木兰挥发油的化学成分及其生物活性的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
采用水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)提取光叶拟单性木兰叶片中的挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析挥发油的成分,鉴定出34个化合物。其主要成分为1R-α-蒎烯(7.432%)、香桧烯(13.516%)、β-松节烯(7.615%)、间-甲基异丙基苯(7.21%)、桉油醇(7.139%)、松油-4-醇(5.004%)、β-石竹烯(5.577%)、β-荜澄茄烯(4.435%)。体外抑菌和抗肿瘤实验表明,光叶拟单性木兰挥发物质对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、红酵母有一定的抑制作用;对人非小细胞肺癌(NCI-H460)、胃腺癌(SGC-7901)有较强的抑制作用,当挥发油质量浓度为50μg.mL-1时,抑制率分别达到83.24%、72.26%。 相似文献
9.
花椒挥发性化合物的固相微萃取GC-MS分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《陕西林业科技》2017,(3)
采用固相微萃取提取挥发物质,并通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用仪对花椒叶片、嫩枝和韧皮部的挥发性成分进行分析和鉴定。花椒叶片中分离鉴定出56种挥发性成分,主要为反式-β-罗勒烯(16.82%)、α-罗勒烯(16.42%)、石竹烯(13.27%)和1R-α-蒎烯(6.28%);嫩枝中分离鉴定出57种挥发性成分,主要为石竹烯(26.10%)、荜澄茄油烯(17.27%)、乙酸香叶酯(15.89%)和1R-α-蒎烯(6.17%);韧皮部中分离鉴定出38种挥发性成分,主要为石竹烯(48.17%)、1R-α-蒎烯(25.91%)、律草烯(9.32%)和月桂烯(6.68%)。三者均以萜烯类含量最多,为进一步研究花椒害虫的寄主选择性提供一定的理论基础。 相似文献
10.
《西部林业科学》2018,(6)
为了更好地理解木兰科喙木兰属3种植物叶挥发油成分的系统分类学价值,本研究采用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)分别提取采自昆明树木园的山玉兰、馨香木兰和夜香木兰叶片的挥发油,运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索对其挥发油进行了化学成分分析。山玉兰、馨香木兰和夜香木兰叶片经SDE提取所得挥发油共分离鉴定出38种挥发性化合物,其中山玉兰30种,馨香木兰29种,夜香木兰22种,分别占挥发性物质总含量的86. 98%、97. 94%和78. 97%。3种植物叶挥发油化学成分组成各有异同,共有的化合物有α-蒎烯、萜品-4醇、9-木罗烯、α-胡椒烯、α-花柏烯、1,3-Benzodioxole,4-Methoxy-6-(2-propenyl)-、1 (10),4-杜松二烯、反式-去氢白菖烯、α-菖蒲醇、异石竹烯、匙叶桉油醇、8-epi-gama-Eudesmol、. tau-杜松醇、. tau-木罗醇和α-杜松醇15种。3种植物叶挥发油化学成分组成相似性和聚类分析结果表明,可将这3种植物分为两大类,一类是包括亲缘关系最为密切的馨香木兰和夜香木兰姊妹群,而另一类是仅包括与馨香木兰和夜香木兰亲缘关系都较为疏远的山玉兰,在一定程度上支持司马永康(2011年)有关喙木兰亚组(包括馨香木兰和夜香木兰)和优昙花亚组(包括山玉兰)的划分。显然,叶挥发油化学成分组成特征对木兰科喙木兰属植物种和种上等级具有一定的系统分类学意义。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
15.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
18.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
19.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
20.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献