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1.
近自然杉木林经营对土壤微生物量碳氮特征的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在福建农林大学西芹教学林场,比较不同近自然杉木林经营模式(老龄林、萌芽林)与对照(91年二代杉木人工林(炼山)、93年二代杉木人工林(不炼山)、天然林)的土壤微生物量碳氮(MBC、MBN)含量的差异。结果表明:近自然杉木林经营模式(老龄林、萌芽林)和天然林的各层次土壤MBC、MBN含量及其占土壤全碳(TC)和全氮(TN)的比例均高于91年二代杉木人工林和93年二代杉木人工林;土壤MBC含量与土壤MBN含量呈显著正相关;土壤MBC/MBN除在0~10 cm土层,91年二代杉木人工林略高于老龄林外,其它土层均以老龄林最高;从土壤的垂直分布特征来看,5种模式的各层次土壤MBC、MBN含量大小依次均为0~10 cm10~20 cm20~40 cm40~60 cm,即呈现出土壤MBC、MBN含量随土层的加深而降低的趋势。说明近自然杉木林经营模式(老龄林、萌芽林)更有利于土壤微生物的繁殖与生长,具有较高的土壤肥力。 相似文献
2.
杉木林改造前后的土壤肥力对比分析及综合评价 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
基于福寿林场3个龄组杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)生态公益林9块固定样地的实测数据,选用土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、土壤容重和pH值8个指标对杉木林改造前后的土壤肥力进行了对比分析,并基于乘除法原理提出了土壤肥力综合评价指数和评价等级。结果表明:与改造前相比,改造后3个龄组杉木生态公益林0~20 cm表层土壤的有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾的含量都有不同程度的提高,且杉木幼、中林提高程度更明显,改造后的杉木幼、中龄林的土壤容重略有下降,pH值略有增加,但杉木近熟林的土壤容重和pH值基本保持没变。说明补植了阔叶树种栾树(Koelreuteria bipinnata)和马褂木(Liriodendron tulipifera)的杉木幼龄林和补植了阔叶树种栾树、马褂木和深山含笑(Michelia maudiae)的杉木中龄林土壤质量的改善程度明显优于在林下补植了红豆杉(Taxus chinensis)的杉木近熟林,通过树种结构调整改造后的3个龄组杉木林土壤肥力综合评价指数值也有不同程度的提高,土壤肥力质量从差变为较差。相比传统的土壤肥力综合评价指标,本文提出的土壤肥力综合评价指数不需要计算指标权重,计算量小,而且可以根据不同的土壤系统,对模型参数的个数适当增减,适用性较强。 相似文献
3.
以赣西南杉木实生林和萌芽林为研究对象,通过野外样地调查和室内化学分析方法,揭示了不同龄组实生林和萌芽林的碳储量分配特征,为其可持续经营提供科学依据。结果表明:不同龄组杉木实生林乔木层碳储量均高于萌芽林乔木层碳储量。杉木实生幼龄林乔木层碳储量为9.63t/hm~2,中龄林为42.14t/hm~2,近熟林为69.15t/hm~2,成熟林为105.21t/hm~2;年均固碳量分别为1.69,2.63,3.01,3.39t/hm~2,不同龄组的树干碳储量分别占整个乔木层的50.36%,70.60%,73.86%,77.58%。杉木萌芽幼龄林乔木层碳储量为8.42t/hm~2,中龄林为23.58t/hm~2,近熟林为48.54t/hm~2,成熟林为75.26t/hm~2;年均固碳量分别为1.21,1.57,2.11,2.59t/hm~2,不同龄组的树干碳储量分别占整个乔木层的54.28%,66.12%,71.92%,73.70%。杉木实生林和萌芽林的土壤碳储量均是中龄林最低,成熟林最高。实生林各龄组土壤碳储量大小为:成熟林(153.21t/hm~2)近熟林(138.17t/hm~2)幼龄林(128.30t/hm~2)中龄林(113.11t/hm~2)。萌芽林各龄组土壤碳储量大小为:成熟林(154.03t/hm~2)近熟林(138.28t/hm~2)幼龄林(130.20t/hm~2)中龄林(117.05t/hm~2)。在密度相近的情况下,除幼龄林外,同一龄组的萌芽林总碳储量均小于实生林。同一龄组实生林和萌芽林的乔木层碳储量均有显著性差异(p0.05),而总碳储量幼龄林与中龄林无显著性差异,近熟林与成熟林有显著性差异。引起杉木实生林和萌芽林碳储量分配差异性的主要原因是生长规律和经营管理的不同。总体而言,萌芽林的林下植被组成丰富,灌木层、草本层和凋落物层的固碳能力较强,在水土保持功能方面要优于实生林。 相似文献
4.
27年生杉木观光木混交林土壤肥力的初步探讨 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对27年生杉木观光木混交林及杉木纯林的土壤肥力研究表明，混交林的孔隙状况、水分状况、团聚体结构和养分含量均比纯林有所改善。混交林0～20cm土壤的非毛管孔隙比纯林的大3.68%。最大持水量、田间持水量和有效含水量分别比纯林高出8.56%、4.92%和8.892%；0～20cm土层中大于0.25mm的水稳性团聚体含量比纯林增加了7.86%；结构体破坏率为30.03%，比纯林的降低了15.69%；土壤养分含量如有机质、全N、全P等也有不同幅度的升高，说明混交林具有较强的培肥土壤功能，有利于杉木人工林的地力维持。 相似文献
5.
不同龄组杉木林土壤有机碳与氮磷钾分布特征及耦合关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《土壤通报》2014,(5):1137-1143
对福寿林场3个龄组杉木林土壤有有机碳与氮磷钾变化特征及其耦合关系进行了研究。结果表明:在杉木林生长发育过程中,0~60 cm土壤的有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾含量及碳氮比、碳磷比表现出了幼龄林阶段较高,中龄林阶段降低,成熟林阶段又升高的变化特征,而碳钾比随着杉木林的生长发育呈现出了增加的趋势。3个龄组杉木林土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量及碳磷比、碳钾比都表现出了随土层深度增加而减少的规律,但在0~45 cm下降幅度大,在45 cm以下降幅度减低并趋于稳定。而碳氮比随着土层加深保持相对稳定。幼龄林、中龄林和成熟林在0~45 cm土层有机碳、全氮、全磷含量占整个土层0~60 cm有机碳、全氮、全磷含量的百分比依次为91%、87%、86%,91%、84%、85%,75%、77%和80%,说明有机碳和土壤养分主要集中0~45 cm土层内。在杉木林生长发育过程中,土壤有机碳与全氮、全磷、全钾在不同的生长阶段其相关性不完全相同,但在3个龄组中,土壤有机碳与全氮都表现出极显著的相关性。通过比较标准化回归系数发现,在杉木幼龄林和中龄林阶段,影响杉木林土壤有机碳的主导因子是全氮,其次是全磷,在杉木成熟林阶段,影响杉木林土壤有机碳的主导因子只有全氮。 相似文献
6.
亚热带常绿阔叶林迹地不同森林经营类型对土壤肥力的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
常绿阔叶林迹地经营不同人工林类型使土壤容重增加了0.06～0.31g／cm3,土壤毛管孔限度、非毛管孔隙度、总孔限度分别降低了4.59～7.21百分点、3.95～10.98百分点、11.54～16.32百分点。6种森林类型土壤腐殖质、全N、全P含量均为A层高于B层,其中土壤腐殖质、全N平均含量顺序为:木荷与杉木混交＞鹅掌楸与杉木混交＞常绿阔叶林＞杉木＞鹅掌楸＞马尾松。土壤腐殖质与土壤全队总酚含量之间,全N与总酚含量之间相关系数分别为0.990、0.892、0.883,达权显著相关。6种森林类型中除马尾松林地土壤腐殖质HA／FA＜1外,其余5种森林土壤均为HA／FA＞1。木荷与杉木混交、鹅掌楸与杉木混交林土壤肥力明显好于单一树种栽培,而且有效地抑制了土壤多酚氧化酶活性。 相似文献
7.
几个典型华南人工林土壤的养分状况和微生物特性研究 总被引：37，自引：1，他引：37
为了了解华南主要树种对土壤肥力的影响,分别用土壤化学分析方法、稀释平板法和酶分析法对相似立地条件的杉木林、马尾松林、湿地松林、马占相思林和尾叶桉林的凋落物养分、土壤养分、微生物数量及酶活性进行了研究。结果表明,5种林分中,杉木林的凋落物储量最大,凋落物的养分储量较大,为94.08kg hm-2。5种林地均呈强酸性。杉木林的土壤肥力较高,有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别为25.54 g kg-10、.96 g kg-1、0.37 g kg-11、2.04 mg kg-1、64.42 mg kg-1、1.87 mg kg-1、41.88 mg kg-1,但是土壤微生物数量小;马尾松林、湿地松林凋落物的养分储量小,土壤养分含量较低,土壤肥力低;马占相思林有效地改善了土壤化学性质,凋落物的养分储量在5种林分中最大,达106.2 kg hm-2,土壤肥力高,有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别为23.42 g kg-1、0.93 g kg-1、1.28 g kg-1、15.29 mg kg-1、69.32 mg kg-1、1.98 mg kg-1、76.88 mg kg-1,微生物数量大,酶活性强;尾叶桉林的土壤有机质、N和P含量低,K含量高,微生物数量小和酶的活性较低,土壤肥力低。 相似文献
8.
重庆北部水源区水源涵养林构建模式对土壤养分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨不同模式水源涵养林与土壤肥力的关系,以便从营林的角度探讨如何合理利用土壤,以最大限度保持土壤肥力和发挥森林的水源涵养功能,提高水源涵养林对重庆市水源区的水源涵养效益.对重庆北部水源区6种不同构建模式的水源涵养林地土壤有机质、活性酸(pH)、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾和土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)进行了分析,并用主成分分析方法对土壤肥力状况进行了综合评价.结果表明:构建模式对土壤养分特征具有显著的影响作用,各模式林地土壤养分特征差异显著,不同层次土壤有机质含量、pH、CEC、全P、全N、速效P、速效N、速效K存在极显著或显著差异,不同层次土壤全K含量间差异不显著;土壤有机质含量、CEC、全P、全N随土壤深度按照幂函数递减,土壤速效P、速效N、速效K深度按照指数函数递减,土壤活性酸(pH)与土壤层次之间无明显相关性.土壤肥力由高到低依次为:广东山胡椒×杉木混交林地＞马尾松火烧迹地＞楠竹×四川山矾×马尾松混交林地＞马尾松×广东山胡椒混交林地＞楠竹纯林＞四川大头茶×四川山矾混交林地.广东山胡椒×杉木混交组合模式对于提高土壤养分含量,改善土壤状况具有明显效果. 相似文献
9.
杉木拟赤杨混交林土壤肥力的研究 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
通过对杉木拟赤杨混交林及杉木纯林土壤团聚体结构、土壤养分状况及酶活性的研究表明,与杉木纯林相比,混交林土壤结构性能得到改善,供肥和保肥能力加强,各种土壤酶活性提高,土壤肥力较好。表明杉森拟赤杨混交林具有良好的增肥土壤功能,对杉木人工林的地力维持和提高有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
杉木多代连栽后土壤肥力变化 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：23
通过选择邻近分布、母岩一致，树龄相近且为近成熟林等可比较强的一代、二代、三代杉木林标准地，研究杂木林及不同栽杉代数木林土壤水分物理性质、土壤养分和腐殖质及土壤生化活性的差异，并采用诚分分析（PCA）法对不同林分类型土壤肥力进行排序。结果显示，表层土壤（0－20cm)肥力以杂木林提高，其次为一代杉木林的，二代和三代杉木林的则最差；底层土壤（20-40cm)肥力以杂木林最高，一代、二代和三代杉木林的均较差，建议降低人为干扰频率和强度及改善林分群落结构来提高杉木人工林土壤肥力，从而实现杉木林的可持续经营。 相似文献
11.
不同种类中国杉对土壤养分状况的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The effects of different types of Chinese fir stand,including those with varous composition (pure and mixed),in various cropping systems (first and continuous cropping system)and at different ages,on the nutrient status of soils the hilly regions of southern Anhui Province were studied by means of ecological sequential comparison on the basis of similar climate and soil type.The work was carried out in the Xiaoxi Forest Farm of Jingxian County and the Caijiaqiao Forest Farm of Jingde Coundy,where the soil is parayellow soil derived from phyllite and sandstone,The results revealed that with the increase of age,Chinese fir pure stand could accumulate organic matter and nitrogen in the soil but it resulted in decreasing of soil pH and base ions(especially Ca^2 ) compared to its mixed stand with broad-leaf trees such as Chinese sassafras,In order to improve the soil fertility,It would be better to mix Chinese fir with broad-leaf trees when afforestation In the management of Chinese fir pure stand,base compounds and phosphates should be added to the soil for mintaining soil fertility and raising and raising forest productivity. 相似文献
12.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(11-12):1964-1982
Mineralization of soil organic carbon (C) plays a key role in supplying nutrient elements essential to plant growth. Changes of C mineralization of mixed stands of Chinese fir and Michelia macclurei (a broadleaf tree), pure M. macclurei stands, and pure Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) stands established in 1983 after clear‐felling of a first‐generation Chinese fir forest were analyzed in Huitong, Hunan Province, China, and compared with those of a stand of native secondary evergreen broadleaf forest (NBF). The results showed that NBF soil had the greatest C mineralization. Mixture of Chinese fir and M. macclurei had no effect on total soil organic C in comparison with pure Chinese fir plantation, but significantly increased C mineralization from soils was detected in this study. This positive influence on C mineralization could be explained by the increase of soil labile C pools and soil microbial biomass and activity. From the analysis of C mineralization, soil microbial properties, and labile organic C, mixtures of broadleaf and Chinese fir can be considered to be an effective sustainable management model for a Chinese fir plantation. Given strong correlations with microbiological and biochemical characteristics of soils and an easier process of determination, hot water extraction, hot water–extractable C (HWC) could be used as an integrated measure of forest soil quality in mid‐subtropics. 相似文献
13.
Effects of Chinese Fir,Loblolly Pine and Deciduous Oak Forests on Nutrient Status of Soils in Northern Subtropics of China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
LUORU－YING GAOZHI－QIN 《土壤圈》1994,4(1):1-10
This paper deals with a study on the effects of Chinese fir,lobolly pine and deciduous oak forests o the nutrient status of soils in northern subtropics of China,adopting the principle of forest ecology in the case of similar climate and soil type.The experimental area was situated in the Xiashu Experimental Centre of Forest,where the soil is yellow-brown soil derved from siliceous slope wash.Sample plots of these 3 stands were established to study the nutrient status in litter ,the amount of nutrient uptake by roots,the quantity of nutrient output by percolating water outside the deep layer of soil,and the seasonal dynamics of available nutrient in surface soil.It was whown that the intensity of nutrient cycling in soil under deciduous oak was the highest,and the effect of oak in improving soil fertility was the best.The result of improving soil fertility by Chinese fir was the most inferior,though the intensity of nutrient cycling under that stand was higher than that under loblolly pine stand.The influence of loblolly pine on the improvement of soil fertility was better than that of Chinese fir,in spite of its lowest intensity of nutrient cycling. 相似文献
14.
Changes in soil quality due to introduction of broad-leaf trees into clear-felled Chinese fir forest in the mid-subtropics of China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Y. Huang S.L. Wang Z.W. Feng Z.Y. Ouyang X.K. Wang Z.Z. Feng 《Soil Use and Management》2004,20(4):418-425
Abstract. After clear-felling of a first generation Chinese fir ( Cunninghamia lanceolata ) forest, mixed stands of Chinese fir and Michelia macclurei (a broadleaf tree) (MCM), pure M. macclurei stands (PMS) and pure Chinese fir stands (PCS) were established in 1983. The effects on soil were evaluated 20 years after planting by measuring physicochemical, microbiological and biochemical parameters. Both broadleaf monoculture and mixtures of broadleaf and conifer exerted a favourable effect on soil fertility. A soil quality index (SQI) decreased in the order: PMS (0.62) > MCM (0.57) > PCS (0.41). Improvement in soil quality, enhanced biological activity and forest productivity demonstrated that mixed stands are an effective measure to maintain sustainable forest productivity, as well as to control soil degradation under successive stands of Chinese fir. In addition, since the microbiological and biochemical parameters measured were sensitive to the forest management, they may be potential indicators for assessing the sustainability of different management systems. The results also showed that total organic carbon, cation exchange capacity and microbial biomass carbon are effective indicators of the improvement or deterioration of soil quality under forest. 相似文献
15.
不同林分类型土壤水分物理性质及其海拔效应——以浙江省凤阳山为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以浙江省凤阳山常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林为例,通过野外调查和室内测定土壤容重、土壤孔隙度及土壤含水量等,研究了中亚热带主要林分类型的土壤水分物理性质及其海拔影响.结果表明,在0-60 cm土层中,随着深度的增加土壤容重逐渐增大,土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、最大持水量、毛管持水量、最小持水量逐渐减小.在海拔300～I 355 m高程范围随着海拔升高土壤容重平均值逐渐减小,土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、最大持水量、毛管持水量、最小持水量、土壤贮水量平均值均增大;土壤排水能力平均值为:海拔900 m＞海拔600 m＞海拔1 355 m＞海拔300 m.同一海拔4种林分类型土壤容重平均值:人工杉木林＞针阔混交林＞人工柳杉林＞常绿阔叶混交林;土壤总孔隙度、土壤最大持水量、毛管持水量、最小持水量、土壤贮水量平均值均表现为人工柳杉林优于其他3种林分类型;土壤排水能力平均值表现为:常绿阔叶混交林＞人工杉木林＞人工柳杉林＞针阔混交林.综合分析,同一海拔常绿阔叶林水源涵养及保持水土能力要高于人工柳杉林. 相似文献
16.
吉林省东部低山丘陵区4种林分类型林地的土壤肥力分析 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
根据吉林省东部低山丘陵区汪清林业局金仓林场中4种主要林分类型(长白落叶松天然林、长白落叶松人工林、天然针阔混交林和天然阔叶混交林)的土壤肥力调查数据,分析和比较了4种林分类型林地的土壤物理和化学性质,并采用主成分分析评价了其土壤肥力状况。(1)随土壤深度增加,土壤容重和土壤pH值增大,而土壤含水量、阳离子交换量和养分含量减少,但其在不同林分下的变化程度不同;(2)林分类型对部分土壤化学性质(如土壤CEC、有机质、全氮和速效钾)影响显著。其中,天然针阔混交林的土壤含水量、土壤pH值、阳离子交换量、有机质含量及全氮、磷、钾含量均为最高;(3)采用主成分分析法对不同林分类型的林地土壤肥力状况进行了评价,结果发现土壤肥力状况为:天然针阔混交林>长白落叶松天然林>长白落叶松人工林>天然阔叶混交林。建议在经营现有的林分时,考虑近自然育林,及时进行林下补植更新,并营造针阔混交林,以改善该区林地土壤的肥力状况。 相似文献
17.
不同林分土壤养分、微生物与酶活性的研究 总被引：123，自引：4，他引：123
研究了尾叶桉、马占相思、柚木、落羽杉纯林及黎蒴栲和湿地松、红荷和湿地松、黎蒴栲和加勒比松针阔混交林的土壤养分含量、微生物数量和酶活性。结果表明 :与马尾松纯林相比 ,马占相思、柚木、落羽杉纯林及针阔混交林能显著增加有机质和土壤养分 ,而尾叶桉纯林的效果随养分种类而异。黎蒴栲×湿地松混交林地及尾叶桉林地的微生物数量小于马尾松纯林地 ,其余林地的微生物数量大于后者。除了尾叶桉林地和马占相思林地外 ,其他林地的酶活性大于马尾松纯林地。总的来看 ,尾叶桉纯林改良土壤效果不佳 ,其他 6种人工林可以提高土壤肥力 ,防止地力衰退。 相似文献
18.
土壤中汞的化学形态及其影响因素 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
An investigation and on 13-year-old(1984-1996) Chinese fir and Tsoong‘s tree mixed forests in Jianou City,Fujian Province,China was carried out to compare the influences of different interplanting types of individual tree-tree,row-row,row-strip(three rows)and pure Chinese fir stands on soil properties.Compared with the pure stands of Chinese fir ,the mixed stands exerted a posivtive effect on soil fertility,with increases in soil organic matter,total N,available P and available K.Moreover,improvements were also observed in soil enzymatic activities ,aggregate structure,structure,stability,status of soil porosity,soil aeration and penetrability in miexd stands.The row-row interplanted stands had the best effect on tree growth and soil properties among these mixed forests.In the southern subtropical region,the spreading of the row-row mixing model of the two tree species would be helpful to preventin ghe soil from fertility deterioratio caused by successive plantation of Chineses fir. 相似文献
19.
潮土条件下长期施肥对作物产量、氮吸收与土壤剖面中硝酸盐含量分布的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
ZHANG Shu-Xiang LI Xiu-Ying LI Xiao-Ping YUAN Feng-Ming YAO Zhao-Hu SUN Yong-Lin ZHANG Fu-Dao 《土壤圈》2004,14(1):131-136
Soil properties were investigated in sites where three succeeding generations of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lambert) Hooker) in Nanping, Fujian, China, were cultivated in order to show the impact of a repeated monoculture on site productivity. Compared with the first generation (FG) stand the soil structure deteriorated in the second generation (SG) and the third generation (TG) stands. For instance, the destruction rate of the peds increased by 55%-115% in the SG and the TG stands compared to the FG stand. Soil nutrient storage and nutrient availability also decreased in the SG and the TG stands. For surface soils of 0-20 cm, the organic matter content, total N and P, and available N and P decreased by 3%-20% relative to those in the FG stand. For many soil parameters, the differences between the FG stand and the SG and the TG stands were statistically significant (LSD test, P < 0.05). Furthermore, with each succeeding generation of Chinese fir, the total number of soil microbes declined, the soil enzyme activity weakened, and the soil biological activity decreased. In order to maintain sustainable site productivity, new silvicultural practices need to be developed for management of Chinese fir plantations. 相似文献
20.
林分密度对马尾松林下土壤养分及酶活性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以退化马尾松林下土壤为对象,通过调查我国红壤丘陵区典型林分密度的马尾松人工林,研究林分密度对土壤养分和土壤酶活性的影响。3种林分密度中,1 560株/hm2 左右中等林分密度的马尾松土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、速效钾、全磷、交换性钙和交换性镁等较高,但土壤酸化也较严重;同时,1 560株/hm2 左右马尾松林的土壤转化酶活性、脲酶活性和多酚氧化酶活性均较高,但过氧化氢酶活性表现最低;林分密度对马尾松土壤酸性磷酸酶活性影响不明显。因此,适宜林分密度的马尾松人工林一定程度上可改善该区林下土壤肥力及生化强度。 相似文献