共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Alberto Arencibia DVM PhD Jose M. Vazquez DVM PhD Juan A. Ramirez MD PhD Gregorio Ramirez DVM PhD Jose M. Vilar DVM Miguel A. Rivero DVM Santiago Alayon MD Francisco Gil DVM PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2001,42(5):405-408
The purpose of this investigation was to define the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearance of the brain and associated structures of the equine head. MR images were acquired in oblique dorsal (T2-weighted), sagittal (T1-weighted), and transverse planes (T2-weighted), using a magnet of 1.5 Tesla and a human body coil. Relevant anatomic structures were identified and labeled at each level. The resulting images provided excellent anatomic detail of the cranioencephalic structures. Annotated MR images from this study are intended as a reference for clinical imaging studies of the equine head, specially in the diagnosis of brain diseases in the horse. 相似文献
2.
Rhea V. Morgan DVM Gregory B. Daniel DVM MS Robert L. Donnell DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1994,35(2):102-108
Magnetic resonance (MR) images of the normal eye and orbit of the dog and cat were acquired. T1-weighted, proton-density, and T2-weighed images were obtained in the oblique dorsal, straight sagittal, and oblique sagittal planes. Signal intensity for the various orbital structures differed among the three resonance techniques. T1-weighted images provided the greatest contrast of the retrobulbar structures. T-1 weighted images also had the highest signal to noise ratio, thereby providing the best anatomic detail. Anatomic components of the globe, retrobulbar structures and ocular adnexa were easily seen in all MR sections. The oblique dorsal and oblique sagittal planes were superior for evaluating the optic nerve in its entirety. 相似文献
3.
Julia E. Tomlinson BVSc W. Rich Redding DVM MS Clifford Berry DVM James E. Smallwood DVM MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2003,44(2):174-178
The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed computed tomographic (CT) anatomic reference for the equine tarsus. CT examinations of the tarsal regions from four clinically and radiographically normal adult horses, which were euthanized for reasons not related to musculoskeletal disease, were included in the study. Limbs were removed at the level of midtibia, and 3-mm contiguous transverse CT images were obtained, starting at a level proximal to the tuber calcanei and continuing distally into the proximal metatarsus. Soft tissue and bone windows were used to image different anatomic features, including bones, joints, and various soft tissue components of the tarsus. Each transverse slice was compared with bone models and dissected specimens to assist in the accurate identification of specific structures. The results of the study consist of nine CT images of the equine tarsus. Each image incorporates labeled soft tissue and bone-window images, a directional compass indicating cranial (Cr) or dorsal (D) and lateral (L), and a reconstructed scout image indicating the level through which the transverse slice was made. 相似文献
4.
The objective of this study was to provide a detailed multiplanar computed tomographic (CT) anatomic reference for the bovine tarsus. The tarsal regions from twelve healthy adult cow cadavers were scanned in both soft and bone windows via a 16‐slice multidetector CT scanner. Tarsi were frozen at ?20o C and sectioned to 10‐mm‐thick slices in transverse, dorsal and sagittal planes respecting the imaging protocol. The frozen sections were cleaned and then photographed. Anatomic structures were identified, labelled and compared with the corresponding CT images. The sagittal plane was indispensable for evaluation of bone contours, the dorsal plane was valuable in examination of the collateral ligaments, and both were beneficial for assessment of the tarsal joint articulations. CT images allowed excellent delineation between the cortex and medulla of bones, and the trabecular structure was clearly depicted. The tarsal soft tissues showed variable shades of grey, and the synovial fluid was the lowest attenuated structure. This study provided full assessment of the clinically relevant anatomic structures of the bovine tarsal joint. This technique may be of value when results from other diagnostic imaging techniques are indecisive. Images presented in this study should serve as a basic CT reference and assist in the interpretation of various bovine tarsal pathology. 相似文献
5.
Rhea V. Morgan DVM Robert L. Donnell DVM Gregory B. Daniel DVM MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1994,35(5):362-367
Magnetic resonance images of a screech owl ( Otus asio ) were acquired to identify the normal anatomic components of the eye'and orbit. T1-weighted, proton-density, and T2-weighted images were obtained in the straight sagittal, oblique dorsal, and oblique sagittal planes. Signal intensity for the various orbital structures differed between the three resonance techniques. T1-weighted images provided the best anatomic detail of ocular and orbital structures. The oblique dorsal and oblique sagittal planes were superior for evaluating the optic nerve in its entirety. 相似文献
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7.
Latorre R Arencibia A Gil F Rivero M Henry RW Ramírez G Váquez JM 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(5):756-761
OBJECTIVE: To correlate anatomic features of the equine tarsus identified in plastinated sections with images obtained via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). ANIMALS: 4 horses. PROCEDURE: MRI (1.5-Tesla magnet) of the tarsus was performed on the pelvic limbs of 4 clinically normal horses following euthanasia. After imaging, tarsocrural joint spaces and vasculature were injected with colored latex. Sagittal and transverse sections of the tarsi were plastinated to facilitate interpretation of MR images. RESULTS: Relevant anatomic structures were identified and labeled on the plastinated tissue slices and corresponding MR images. Results indicated high correlations between MRI findings and those of plastinated sections. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The data obtained provided certain reference standards for normal anatomic structure sizes and positions in the equine tarsus. This information may aid future physiologic or clinical studies of this joint. 相似文献
8.
MARTA PEKARKOVA PATRICK R. KIRCHER MARTIN KONAR JOHANN LANG CAROLINE TESSIER 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2009,50(4):392-397
The purpose of the present study was to describe normal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging anatomy of the equine larynx and pharynx and to present the optimal protocol, sequences, and possible limitations of this examination technique. Using a 0.3 T unit, the laryngeal and pharyngeal regions was imaged in two horses. The protocol consisted of sagittal and transverse T2-weighted (T2w) fast spin echo, transverse T1-weighted (T1w) spin echo, and dorsal high-resolution T1w gradient echo (both pre- and postcontrast enhancement) sequences. Euthanasia was performed at the end of the imaging procedure. Macroscopic anatomy of the cadaver sections were compared with the MR images in transverse, midsagittal, and parasagittal planes. There was good differentiation of anatomic structures, including soft tissues. The laryngeal cartilages, hyoid apparatus, and upper airway muscle groups with their attachments could be clearly identified. However, it was not always possible to delineate individual muscles in each plane. Most useful were both T2w and T1w transverse sequences. Intravenous application of contrast medium was helpful to identify blood vessels. The MR images corresponded with the macroscopic anatomy of cadaver sections. 相似文献
9.
Edmund J Leigh Edward Mackillop Ian D Robertson Lola C Hudson 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2008,49(2):113-121
The purpose of this study was to produce an magnetic resonsnce (MR) image atlas of clinically relevant brain anatomy and to relate this neuroanatomy to clinical signs. The brain of a large mixed breed dog was imaged in transverse, sagittal, and dorsal planes using a 1.5 T MR unit and the following pulse sequences: Turbo (fast) spin echo (TSE) T2, T1, and T2- weighted spatial and chemical shift-encoded excitation sequence. Relevant neuroanatomic structures were identified using anatomic texts, sectioned cadaver heads, and previously published atlases. Major subdivisions of the brain were mapped and the neurologic signs of lesions in these divisions were described. TSE T2-weighted images were found to be the most useful for identifying clinically relevant neuroanatomy. Relating clinical signs to morphology as seen on MR will assist veterinarians to better understand clinically relevant neuroanatomy in MR images. 相似文献
10.
Valeria Busoni DVM Frédéric Snaps DVM PhD Jacques Trenteseaux RT Robert F. Dondelinger MD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2004,45(3):198-204
The purpose of this study was to describe the normal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of the palmar structures of the equine podotrochlear apparatus by means of retrospective evaluation of MR imaging studies of 16 cadaver limbs. The articular aspect of the distal sesamoid bone was not evaluated in this study. Equine digits were imaged with a human knee radiofrequency coil in a 1.5 T magnetic field, using spin echo (SE) T1-weighted, turbo spin echo proton density (TSE PD)-weighted with and without fat saturation (FS), and FS TSE T2-weighted sequences. The limbs were dissected after imaging to validate the absence of gross abnormalities of the flexor aspect of the distal sesamoid bone, of the deep digital flexor tendon, and the distal impar sesamoidean ligament. Seven deep digital flexor tendons were subjected to histologic examination to exclude any microscopic tendon pathology. The anatomic structures of the podotrochlear apparatus were easily identified on MR images. Compact bone of the flexor cortex of the distal sesamoid bone had low intensity signal on all sequences. In 11 digits an increased signal was seen within the thickness of the sagittal eminence of the flexor cortex in SE T1-weighted images and in TSE PD-weighted images without FS. Trabecular bone had a granular appearance and high signal in SE T1-weighted sequences and TSE images without FS. The deep digital flexor tendon had low signal on FS T2-weighted images, while on short echo time sequences (T1- and PD-weighted sequences), the tendon signal varied depending on the relative orientation between its fibers and the static magnetic field. Seven tendons had stippled appearance due to small intratendonous foci of slightly increased signal on transverse T1-weighted images. MR imaging provides a thorough evaluation of the anatomical structure of the podotrochlear apparatus: A good knowledge of the MR imaging appearance and anatomy and an awareness of potential pitfalls will improve diagnostic specificity for the detection of pathologic changes. 相似文献
11.
LAURA ZARUCCO ERIK R. WISNER MICHAEL D. SWANSTROM SUSAN M. STOVER 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2006,47(6):553-562
Biomechanical models that compute the lengths and forces of muscle-tendon units are broadly applicable to the study of factors that promote injury and the planning and effects of orthopedic surgical procedures in equine athletes. A three-dimensional (3D) generic musculoskeletal model of the equine forelimb comprised of bony segment, muscle-tendon, and ligament information, was developed based on high-resolution computed tomographic (CT) and T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images from an isolated forelimb of a Thoroughbred racehorse. Image fusion was achieved through coregistration of CT and MR images with an image analysis program (Analyze) by adjustment of the relative position and orientation of fiducial markers visible in both modalities until the mutual information between the images was maximized. 3D surfaces of the bones and origin/insertion sites, centroid paths and volumes of the muscle-tendon and ligamentous structures were obtained from the multimodal (CT/MR) images using semiautomated and manual segmentation combined with sagittal and transverse color-cryosection anatomic images obtained from three other cadaveric equine forelimbs. Once bony and soft-tissue structures were reconstructed in the same coordinate system, data were imported to a software package for interactive musculoskeletal modeling (SIMM). The combination of integrated CT and MR acquisitions and anatomical images provided an accurate and efficient means of generating a 3D model of the musculoskeletal structures of an average-sized equine adult horse. 相似文献
12.
Alberto Arencibia DVM PhD Jose M. Vázquez DVM PhD Raduán Jaber DVM Francisco Gil DVM PhD Juan A. Ramiírez MD PhD Miguel Rivero DVM Nelson González DVM PhD Erik R. Wisner DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2000,41(4):313-319
The purpose of this investigation was to define the magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of the rostral part of the equine head. 10 mm-thick, T1-weighted images of two isolated equine cadaver heads were obtained using a 1.5 Tesla magnet and a body coil. MR images were compared to corresponding frozen cross-sections of the cadaver head. Relevant anatomic structures were identified and labeled at each level. The resulting images provided excellent anatomic detail of the oral and nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses and associated structures. Annotated MR images from this study are intended as a reference for clinical MR imaging studies of the equine head. 相似文献
13.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common cause of distal tarsal pain, but disease development is poorly understood. Awareness of normal tarsal structure and function is important in order to understand the pathogenesis of OA. Thickening of the subchondral bone (SCB) plate has been related to the development of OA, but SCB plate patterns in the equine tarsus have not been documented. HYPOTHESES: There is a repeatable pattern of SCB thickness across the distal tarsal joints, and specifically that thickness would be greatest dorsally and laterally. METHODS: Twenty cadaver tarsi were collected from mature horses that had undertaken low-level exercise only with no history of hindlimb lameness. Magnetic resonance images were acquired using a high-resolution sagittal 3-dimensional T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo sequence. Subchondral bone thickness was measured on sagittal images at dorsal and plantar locations on the proximal and distal aspects of the central (CT) and third (T3) tarsal bones and proximal aspect of the third metatarsal bone (Mt3). RESULTS: On the proximal aspect of CT, medial and lateral SCB thickness were significantly greater than midline. On the distal aspect of CT and T3 and proximal Mt3, lateral SCB thickness was significantly greater than medial and midline sites. Dorsal SCB thickness was greatest on the proximal and distal aspects of CT and proximal Mt3. Subchondral bone accounted for a greater proportion of CT and T3 on the dorsal aspect than the plantar. CONCLUSIONS: There is a repeatable pattern of SCB thickness in the distal tarsal bones of horses with no history of hindlimb lameness. This reflects the pattern of loading across the joints. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: This study provides evidence of a consistent osteochondral pattern in the equine tarsus for reference in identification of osteoarticular pathologies. 相似文献
14.
M. A. Rivero A. Arencibia R. Latorre F. Gil J. M. Vilar J. M. Vázquez 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2005,34(S1):43-44
Accurate interpretation of thoracic magnetic resonance images requires a thorough knowledge of anatomy of this region. The purpose of this communication is to describe the normal cross sectional anatomy of the thoracic cavity of the cat, using MR images, dissections and macroscopic sections. In this study, three cats were used. The animals were anesthetized and positioned in sternal recumbency in the MR scanner. MR imaging was performed at the Special Diagnostic Service of San Roque Clinic of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria with a superconducting magnet operating at a field strength of 1.5 Tesla and a human body coil. Spin echo pulse sequences were used to obtain T1-weighted images in tranverse and sagittal planes. At the conclusion of imaging, the cats were euthanatized for medical reasons unrelated to disease of thorax. The cats were frozen and then sectioned using an electric band saw. The cuts were matched as closely as possible to the MR images for identifying the normal planimetric anatomy of the thoracic structures. MR T1-weighted spin echo images provided excellent anatomic appearance of the thorax structures. In MR images the grey scale is directly related to the signal intensity of the thoracic cavity structures. Thus, fat and nerves had higher signal intensity compared with the lower signal intensity of the respiratory system. Bone marrow and muscles had a intermediate signal intensity and appeared gray. The intensity signal of the articular fluid permits a good differentiation of the opposing cartilage surfaces on all MR images. The planimetric or sectional anatomy of the thoracic cavity in the cat allows a correct morphologic and topographic evaluation of the anatomic structures, being helpful tool for the identification of the MR images. The information presented should serve as an initial reference to evaluate MR images of the feline thorax and to assist interpretation of lesions of this region. 相似文献
15.
A Arencibia MR Hidalgo JM Vázquez S Contreras G Ramírez J Orós 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(8):1119-1127
Objective-To compare anatomic features of cross-sectional specimens with those of MRI images of the heads of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). Animals-5 cadavers of juvenile female loggerhead sea turtles. Procedures-Spin-echo T1-weighted and T2-weighted MRI scans were obtained in sagittal, transverse, and dorsal planes with a 0.2-T magnet and head coil. Head specimens were grossly dissected and photographed. Anatomic features of the MRI images were compared with those of gross anatomic sections of the heads from 4 of these turtles. Results-In the MRI images, anatomic details of the turtles' heads were identified by the characteristics of signal intensity of various tissues. Relevant anatomic structures were identified and labeled on the MRI images and corresponding anatomic sections. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The MRI images obtained through this study provided valid information on anatomic characteristics of the head in juvenile loggerhead sea turtles and should be useful for guiding clinical evaluation of this anatomic region in this species. 相似文献
16.
RICHARD D. PARK DVM PHD THOMAS R. NELSON PHD P. JACK HOOPES DVM PHD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1987,28(4):105-116
Magnetic resonance (MR) images were made in sagittal and transverse planes through the metacarpophalangeal joint and digit of a horse. The images accurately depicted gross anatomic structures in the leg. Soft tissue structures were defined as separate entities on the images. Histologic varlation in tissues correlated with signal intensity differences on the MR images. Magnetic resonance imaging appears to be a promising imaging modality for evaluating musculoskeletal structures in equine limbs. 相似文献
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18.
Susan J. Holcombe VMD MS Alicia L. Bertone DVM PhD David S. Biller DVM Valerie Haider DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1995,36(2):119-125
The purpose of this study was to define normal gross anatomic structures in the equine stifle with magnetic resonance images. Magnetic resonance (MR) images were made in sagittal, 15° supinated, transverse, and dorsal planes of two equine stifles. The MR images were scrutinized by comparing MR images to dissection specimens and frozen cross sections of stifle joints. Sagittal and 15° supinated images were the most valuable in assessing articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and soft tissue structures within the joint. Cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments, medial and lateral menisci, meniscotibial and meniscofemoral ligaments, long digital extensor tendon, and patellar ligaments were easily evaluated. MR images provided substantially more gross anatomical information than the currently available imaging modalities. 相似文献
19.
Cynthia C. Nordberg DVM Kenneth A. Johnson MVSc PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1999,40(2):128-136
Magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on previously frozen left carpi from six normal dogs using a 1.5 Tesla magnet in combination with a transmit/receive wrist coil. Three-millimeter thick T1-weighted spin-echo images and 1-mm thick T2*-weighted gradient-recalled 3-D images were obtained in dorsal and sagittal planes. Carpi were embedded, sectioned, and stained. Anatomic structures on the histologic sections were correlated with the MR images. All of the carpal ligaments plus the radioulnar articular disc and the palmar fibrocartilage were identified on MR images. The accessorio-quartile ligament, which had not been well described previously in dogs, was also identified. It originated on the accessory carpal bone and inserted on the fourth carpal bone. The T2*-weighted gradient echo imaging technique provided better images than T1-weighted technique, largely because thinner slices were possible (1 mm vs. 3 mm), resulting in less volume averaging of thin ligaments with surrounding structures. Although MRI is currently the imaging modality of choice to identify ligamentous injury in humans, further studies are needed to determine if abnormalities can be detected in canine carpal ligaments using MRI. 相似文献
20.
The aim of the study was to describe the anatomy of the bovine tarsus using magnetic resonance imaging in a low-field scanner. T1-weighted transverse and sagittal images of five isolated hindlimbs were evaluated using a 0.5 Tesla magnet and a knee coil. The MR images were compared to corresponding frozen sections of cadaver limbs. Anatomical structures were labelled at each level. The resulting images provided excellent detail of the bovine tarsus. This study should serve as a basic reference for orthopaedic problems related to the tarsus in cattle. 相似文献