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1.
橡胶树新品种热研7—33—97早刺激产量和生理效应研究初报 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
试验研究了我国大推新品种热研７－３３－９７提早使用刺激剂的产量效应和生理效应。结果表明，该品种在幼龄开割期使用乙烯利刺激割胶，试验第一年表现出高糖高产的生理效应，但第二年即表现出低糖低产的疲劳生理效应；测定的胶乳蔗糖含量、乳管堵塞指数和黄色体破裂指数等生理指标亦有相应的变化。 相似文献
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RRIM600刺激割胶制度及生理状况的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
1986—1988年刺激割胶试验结果表明,采用5％乙烯利刺激结合四分之一阴阳刀割线月周期轮换隔日割的割胶制度,橡胶无性系RRIM600中龄芽接树不仅产量高,死皮少,而且胶乳蔗糖含量高,树皮贮备糖消耗少,过氧化物酶活性亦较弱。其中,用阴刀割胶胶树的生理状况尤佳。用阴刀割胶胶乳干胶含量比用阳刀割胶略低,但差别不大。根据RRIM600的品系特性,生产上采用低浓度、低频率乙烯利刺激,阴阳刀短割线周期轮换的割胶制度,不仅可以获得持续高产,而且亦较安全。 相似文献
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本研究以中龄PR107和热研7-33-97橡胶树为研究对象,设割胶前1、2、3、4、5 d涂施乙烯利的5个刺激时间处理,比较不同处理的胶乳产量;以d4（4天1刀）割制为对照,中龄PR107和热研7-33-97分别设6个刺激强度的d6（6天1刀）割制处理,包括4个乙烯利浓度以及最高浓度下的3个涂药周期,比较分析不同处理的产量、胶乳生理及死皮病发生情况。结果表明：周期最后1刀的第2天或周期第1刀的前2~3 d进行涂施乙烯,刺激效果良好,可获得较好的胶乳产量。中龄PR107进行d6割胶的产胶潜力很难通过适度刺激挖掘出来,采用4%乙烯利,2~3刀周期涂药的刺激策略可获得相对较好的产量效应及生理效应。热研7-33-97对d6割制适应性较好,采用2~3刀周期涂施2.0%~2.5%乙烯利的低刺激强度技术措施,可获得了良好的产量,且胶乳生理参数反应良好。此外,d6割制的高产期单株刀次产占全年产量的3.0%~4.8%之间,确保高产期的割胶刀数是保证d6割制产量的关键。 相似文献
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以S/2 d3割制,对3个品系(热研8-79、热研7-33-97、PR107)的幼龄开割树割胶,分析和比较株次产量、胶乳转化酶活性、pH值、蔗糖和总固形物含量的季节变化.结果表明:几乎所有割胶季节,热研8-79的株次产量、胶乳转化酶活性、pH值都明显高于热研7-33-97和PR107,蔗糖含量依次为热研8-79＜热研7-33-97＜PR107,总固形物含量3个品系差异很小,显示热研8-79乳管蔗糖利用率较高,胶乳再生能力较强的品系特性,而PR107则相反.3个品系均分别在5月、7～8月、10～11月形成产量高峰,但不同品系同次产量高峰的时间跨度有很大差异.3个品系在4月中旬至5月上旬株次产量、转化酶活性、pH值、蔗糖含量均呈递增趋势变化,总固形物含量呈递减趋势变化,显示胶树胶乳再生作用逐渐增强,排胶越来越顺畅的变化过程.在其它季节,株次产量、胶乳转化酶活性和生理参数的变化比较复杂,并且经常不同步,显示株次产量受多种因素的综合影响,该结果可为适宜割胶制度的制定提供参考. 相似文献
5.
《热带作物学报》2020,(3)
本研究以中龄PR107和热研7-33-97橡胶树为研究对象,设割胶前1、2、3、4、5 d涂施乙烯利的5个刺激时间处理,比较不同处理的胶乳产量;以d4(4天1刀)割制为对照,中龄PR107和热研7-33-97分别设6个刺激强度的d6(6天1刀)割制处理,包括4个乙烯利浓度以及最高浓度下的3个涂药周期,比较分析不同处理的产量、胶乳生理及死皮病发生情况。结果表明:周期最后1刀的第2天或周期第1刀的前2～3d进行涂施乙烯,刺激效果良好,可获得较好的胶乳产量。中龄PR107进行d6割胶的产胶潜力很难通过适度刺激挖掘出来,采用4%乙烯利,2～3刀周期涂药的刺激策略可获得相对较好的产量效应及生理效应。热研7-33-97对d6割制适应性较好,采用2～3刀周期涂施2.0%～2.5%乙烯利的低刺激强度技术措施,可获得了良好的产量,且胶乳生理参数反应良好。此外,d6割制的高产期单株刀次产占全年产量的3.0%～4.8%之间,确保高产期的割胶刀数是保证d6割制产量的关键。 相似文献
6.
早期施用氮肥在乙烯利刺激割胶胶乳中的动态分布研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用15N示踪技术进行橡胶树大田早期肥料试验,研究乙烯利刺激和传统割胶条件下胶乳中肥料氮素的动态变化。结果表明,在施肥26 d后肥料N开始在胶乳中表现,刺激与传统割胶条件下,胶乳中15N丰度均逐步增加,变化趋势相似;随着时间的推移,刺激割胶条件下15N的丰度增加幅度显著高于传统割胶处理,胶乳中Ndff％值随时间延长而逐步增加。从Ndff％值来看,刺激割胶条件下橡胶树对肥料氮素的征调能力强于传统割胶处理。刺激割胶条件下的胶乳肥料氮流失量显著大于传统割胶处理,但两者带走的肥料氮素占氮肥施用量的比例都不高,分别仅为0.18％和0.05％。 相似文献
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橡胶树胶乳生理诊断法是一批法国学者于20世纪80年代发展起来的,用于判断胶树代谢与健康状况的方法。在研究了巴西橡胶树胶乳的各种成分在胶树中的生理功能及其变化规律,以及这些成分与胶树产量之间的相关性后,可以将无性系划分为不同的代谢类型,并根据不同的代谢类型,安排不同的采胶方法 同时也可以根据随机抽样理论找到这些成分的标准参考值,用来判断开割胶树的健康状况,以指导采胶生产。现在胶乳生理诊断主要用于无性系代谢类型判断与采胶强度判断。 相似文献
9.
割胶制度与天然胶乳挥发脂肪酸值的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了橡胶树新、旧割胶制度及不同刺激强度、不同割胶频率对其胶乳VFANo.和蔗糖含量的影响。探讨了6种割制所得田间胶乳在贮存过程中VFANo.的变化规律。结果表明:在一定时间的自然贮存过程中,不同割制胶乳其VFANo.变异很大。新割制胶乳VFANo.升高较快;不同刺激强度胶乳明显呈现高强度高VFANo.的趋势;不同割胶频率胶乳明显呈现高频率高VFANo.的趋势;各种割制胶乳刚采集时其VFANo.无明显差异且均很低,随后VFA的生成随氨含量的增加而后滞。不同割制胶乳蔗糖浓度差异极显著。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
19.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
20.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献