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烟草蚜传病毒病发生的主要因子及预测预报模型 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
试验结果表明，陕西烟田蚜传病毒病的介体和初侵染毒源均来自当地冬油菜田；蚜传病毒病的主要种类有CMV、TEV和PVY；有翅桃蚜迁入烟田有2个高峰期，第1高峰期出现在5月中旬，第2高峰期出现在6月中旬；各品种之间存在着不同的耐病性，其中MsB07、MsG02耐病；以陕西泾阳1994－1998年5年的烟草病情资料、当地气象资料和相关资料建立了烟田蚜传病毒病发病率（Y）预测预报模型：Y＝－6．909＋0．011528X4＋0．0026X5＋0．001785X12＋0．448X13。 相似文献
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通过2002-2011年对贵州代表性烟区烟草蚜传病毒病(PVY、CMV)的系统调查与普查,分析了烟草蚜传病毒病发生程度与有翅蚜迁飞量及主要气象因子间的关系,初步了解了该病害的发生流行规律。并以有翅蚜迁飞量和关键气象指标为预报因子,应用DPS统计软件进行逐步回归分析,初步建立了烟草蚜传病毒病发生程度短期预测模型Y=44.168 7+1.106 9 X1-1.352 2 X4-0.403 9 X6-0.142 6 X11+0.023 5 X19-0.289 2 X20(其中,X1=移栽初期10d内日平均诱蚜量;X4=上年12月均温;X6=上年12月平均相对湿度;X11=2月降水量;X19=5月降水量;X20=5月雨日数),经显著性检验和预报验证,回归方程达极显著水平,回测准确率平均达89.04%,实报验证误差率为11.57%～13.88%,说明入选预报因子比较切合贵州实际,预测模型具有较大的实用价值。 相似文献
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研究了贵州省烟田蚜虫的种类,结果表明:迁入到烟田的蚜虫隶属9种,其中桃蚜(Myzus persicae)、甘蓝蚜(Brevicoryne brassicae)、豆蚜(Aphis craccivora)、萝卜蚜(Lipaphis erysimi)、麦长管蚜(Macrosiphum miscanthi)占诱集蚜量的90%以上,尤以桃蚜数量最大,是烟田传播病毒病的主要蚜种,能传播多种烟草病毒病。试验结果还表明,单作烟田和毗邻油菜的烟田病毒病发病较高,麦套烟的发病较轻;甘蓝蚜、豆蚜和萝卜蚜基本上不能在烟叶上定殖。 相似文献
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烟草蚀纹病毒病是近年来黄淮烟区流行的重要病害，主要由桃蚜传播。作者于１９９４年在陕西用Ｄａｖｉｄ＆Ｍｏｏｒｅ法调查统计蚜虫分布型，结果是蚜虫第１次迁飞高峰期在烟田成聚集分布。用平均扩散指标（Ｉδ）法和平均拥挤度ｍ＊两种方法检验蚀纹病在田间分布型，其结果一致，除７月２５日病株率最高达６０．９２％时属于均匀分布以外，其他均属聚集分布。说明发病初期和病情轻时，田间病株是聚集的，有明显发病中心，和蚜虫田间分布型密切相关，符合蚜传病毒病的发病特征。 相似文献
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秋季大白菜是京津最主要蔬菜,蚜传芜菁花叶病毒病的流行是影响大白菜生产的重要病虫害之一。而苗期感病更是影响产量的重要因素,由于芜菁花叶病毒是蚜虫口针带毒型(stylet-borne)病毒,传毒所需时间极短,一般化学农药治蚜起不到防病的效果。秋菜苗期感染病毒病主要是带毒有翅蚜从田外侵入造成的,本田发生有翅芽扩散迁飞了成为病毒病的再侵染来源。 相似文献
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马铃薯蚜虫大戟长管蚜在马铃薯和烟草植株上的刺食活动显著不同.高频率的短时刺食,对非持久性病毒的传毒是非常理想的。是 PVY°在烟草上比在马铃薯上传播率高的明显原因.不过,通过实验,在马铃薯和烟草上增加大戟长管蚜的短时传毒刺食,均不能增加PVY°传播.这些结果表明:大戟长管蚜刺食行为的变化与该蚜虫在烟草和马钤薯上传播PVY°的能力变化之间不存在因果关系. 相似文献
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烟草不同时期采用灭虫签防蚜对减轻烟草病毒病的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在烟草大田期分期使用灭虫签防蚜控病,结果表明:灭虫签对烟田蚜虫防治效果好,插签6 d后,蚜虫的校正死亡率在95%以上;对烟草病毒病有不同程度的控制作用,依插签处理先后,其防病效果为84.7%～61.6%。 相似文献
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Glen Powell Thomas Pirone Jim Hardie 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1995,101(4):411-420
The behavioural events associated with acquisition of tobacco etch potyvirus by starvedMyzus persicae during single, electrically-recorded penetrations of plants or a Parafilm membrane were compared. Twenty nine percent of aphids acquired virus from plants and subsequently transmitted to test plants. Stylet puncture of the plasmalemma, indicated by a potential drop (pd) to the intracellular signal voltage level, occurred during 84% of penetrations, and virus transmission was always associated with this behavioural event during acquisition. Periods of intracellular stylet tip location, known as pd phase II, ranged from 3.6–12.2s, and always comprised three consecutive sub-phases, designated II1, II2 and II3. Ninety six percent of pds included distinct pulses during phase II3. A waveform which closely resembled these pulses was produced by 59% of aphids that probed a virus suspension through a Parafilm membrane; nineteen percent of the aphids subsequently transmitted membrane-acquired virus and transmission was significantly associated with the occurrence of the phase II3-like pulses during acquisition. The duration of occurrence of recorded phase II3 pulses, either on plants or thein vitro system, did not influence the virus transmission efficiency of aphids. The association of virus uptake from aqueous suspension with a particular behavioural activity is discussed as evidence for the ingestion-egestion hypothesis for nonpersistent transmission. Starved aphids acquiring virus from infected leaf tissue or thein vitro system had significantly higher transmission efficiencies than non-starved aphids. Starved and non-starved insects were electrically-recorded penetrating the artificial membrane, and again there was a clear difference in transmission efficiency (starved aphids, 26%; non-starved aphids, 2%). The higher transmission efficiency of starved insects could not be explained by behavioural differences, and the results lend support to the hypothesis that non-behavioural factors determine the enhancement of potyvirus transmission by preacquisition starvation.Abbreviations BMV
Beet mosaic virus
- EMF
Electromotive force
- HAT
Highly aphid-transmissible
- HC
Helper component
- pd
Potential drop
- PVY
Potato virus Y
- TEV
Tobacco etch virus 相似文献
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陕西玉米病毒病及流行因素研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究结果表明:陕西玉米病毒病毒原主要有玉米矮花叶病毒B株系(MDMV-B)、玉米粗缩病毒(MRDV)和大麦黄矮病毒(BYDV)。用血清鉴定225份病株样品中,MDMV-B、MRDV和BYDV侵染分别占40%、23%、4.5%。MDMV-B和MRDV复合侵染占23.5%。在田间自然条件下,MDMV-B主要通过玉米蚜和禾谷缢管蚜以非持久性传播,MRDV则由灰飞虱以持久传播。MDMV-B、MRDV和BYDV的粒子大小分别为735~755 nm×17 nm、70~75 nm和23~30 nm。随着玉米生育成熟,侵染逐渐降低,为害亦趋减轻。研究认为,玉米品种、播种期、播量、田间传毒介体数量及发生早晚和地膜覆盖等是影响玉米病毒病流行的主要因素。 相似文献
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田间飞翔蚜虫传染大豆花叶病毒(SMV)的模型预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文提出一个飞翔蚜虫非持久性传染植物病毒的侵染概率模型。设置绿色诱盘捕捉着落大豆株冠的蚜虫估计飞翔翅蚜日平均着落株冠次数。采用诱饵植株测定田间一定传染性病株率和飞翔蚜量条件SMV的日侵染率,对迁飞着落蚜虫群体传染SMV的效率进行估计,实现模型对SMV日侵染率的预测。结合显症率预测,对两年三个区的SMV病株率发展动态用模型拟合回测,平均准确度为90.18%,对两年非建模的两区病株率发展动态拟合预测,平均准确度为88.41%。 相似文献
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Mitsuro KAMEYA-IWAKI Kimiaki MURAKAMI Shin-ichi ITO Kaoru HANADA Shuhei TANAKA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2000,66(1):64-67
Sequential transmission tests of Peanut stunt virus (PSV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) systemically infecting common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, were conducted using Myzus persicae allowed to fast for 2 hr and then to acquisition feed on infected common bean plants or purified virus for 10 min. In the
sequential transmission tests using either one or 10 aphids per assay plant, three isolates of PSV (J,S,Y5) and one of CMV
(V) were transmitted from and to common bean up to a third or fourth inoculation access. Many aphids transmitted these viruses
to two or three plants. Purified viruses of PSV-S and CMV-V were also transmitted up to a third or second inoculation access
at low percentage. On tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, aphids transmitted PSV-S and CMV-V only in the first inoculation access, although PSV-S was transmitted to only one plant
in the fourth and fifth inoculation access. These viruses may be transmitted in two phases by aphids, depending on the plant
species.
Received 16 April 1999/ Accepted in revised form 1 September 1999 相似文献
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Single aphids ( Myzus persicae ) were allowed sequential access to two leaves which were either free from infection or infected with potato virus Y° (PVY°). PVYN . beet mosaic virus (BMV), or tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Aphids given prior or subsequent access to PVYN -infected leaves transmitted PVY° and BMV less frequently than aphids given prior or subsequent access to virus-free leaves; those given prior or subsequent access to BMV also transmitted PVY° less frequently. However, prior or subsequent access to PVY° did not decrease transmission of either BMV or PVYN , and access to BMV did not decrease transmission of PVYN . Access to the non-aphid-transmissible TMV did not affect transmission of either PVY° or PVYN . PVYN had the greatest electrophoretic mobility. BMV was least mobile and PVY° was intermediate, so ability to decrease transmission was not directly related to the total anionic charge on the virus particles. 相似文献
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1983年6月,在南京郊区的长豇豆上采到1株表现植株矮缩症状的C-7病毒分离物。接种试验证明,它不能摩擦接种传病,但可以由豆蚜(Aphis craccivora)、棉蚜(A.gossypii)和桃蚜(Myzus persicae)以持久性方式传病。寄主范围测定的结果表明:分离物可以侵染长豇豆、豇豆、蚕豆、大豆、菜豆、豌豆、赤豆、利马豆、苜蓿、红三叶、地三叶、绛三叶、葫芦巴,紫云英和苕子等15种豆科植物和曼陀罗1种茄科植物。这些植物大都出现植株矮化,叶片扭曲,卷缩或僵缩,不能开花结实等症状。豆蚜的传病性状中,获毒饲育的最短传病时间为3小时,接毒饲育最短传病时间为10分钟,循回期是24小时左右。但是,传病率最高的获毒饲育时间是2~3天,接毒饲育时间在1天以上。接种1头蚜虫就具有传病能力,5头蚜虫能达到100%的传病率。蚜虫可以终身传毒,蜕皮不影响其传毒力,但传毒有间歇性。根据它的基本性状,病毒C-7分离物是一种豆科植物的黄化型病毒,可能是属于大麦黄矮病毒组(Luteovirus Group)的成员。 相似文献
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烟草病虫害是影响宜阳县烟叶产量和质量的重要因素。按照河南省病虫害预测预报站的要求,试验选取张深、孔昌2个测报点为基准,采用系统调查和普查2种方法,主要对烟草病毒病、黑胫病、赤星病、根结线虫病、角斑病及野火病等病害进行系统调查和普查,虫害主要对烟蚜、烟青虫及地下害虫进行调查。结果表明：2012年宜阳县有翅蚜发生时间与往年比较来的晚一些,但数量非常多;病毒病的发病时间与往年基本一致,较往年稍微偏早,病毒病初发期症状表现明显,由于旱情蔓延,总体来说,2012年病毒病的发病率轻于2011年;烟青虫出现时间与正常年份基本一致,由于用药及时,2012年全年,烟青虫并未对烟叶造成很大危害。根结线虫病保持稳定,使用生物碳肥对根结线虫病有很好的抑制作用。 相似文献