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1.
油茶林地夏季高温干旱,土壤板结,生草是一种有效的解决方式。为了探讨生草对油茶林地土壤特征的影响情况,选择人工种植的百喜草和自然生长的马唐草为研究对象,对比分析了不同草种生草区生草根际和油茶根际土壤酶活性、土壤养分、有机质含量、土壤微生物数量和土壤p H值的差异性特征。结果表明:(1)生草区根际土壤酶活性显著高于非根际土壤,微生物数量也高于非根际土壤;(2)土壤养分含量,根际区土壤有机质、有效P、有效K、有效N含量均显著高于非根际区(P0.05),根际区全N、全P、全K含量均高于非根际区,但其含量差异不显著,p H值的变化也不明显;(3)有机质、全N、有效N、有效P含量与脲酶、蔗糖酶活性间均呈显著正相关,有效K含量与过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶活性间呈显著正相关,有效P含量与土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌间均呈极显著正相关,有机质含量与土壤细菌、真菌间均呈极显著正相关,土壤脲酶与细菌和放线菌间均呈正相关,蔗糖酶与细菌间呈正相关;(4)生草对土壤养分、有机质均有较大的积累和转化作用,土壤酶脲酶、蔗糖酶活性和微生物数量均表现为根际区非根际区;从土壤肥力的综合水平来看,百喜草马唐草对照,百喜草可以作为油茶林地生草草种推荐使用。 相似文献
2.
不同抚育措施对油茶林土壤养分 微生物及酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对常宁地区不同抚育措施油茶林的土壤养分、微生物及酶活性进行了测定和分析。结果表明:各林分间土壤养分、微生物数量和酶活性存在较大差异。同一林分土壤养分、微生物数量和酶活性随取样深度的增加逐渐降低。锄抚林地在土壤养分、微生物总数和酶活性方面明显高于未抚育和刀抚林分。相关分析表明,这3种林分的土壤养分(有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效磷)与微生物数量及酶活性之间存在相关关系;细菌数量和脲酶活性与土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效磷等主要养分指标呈显著或极显著正相关;过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性与土壤养分指标间相关性不强。 相似文献
3.
矿质肥料对柳杉苗根区土壤生化活性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对柳杉１年生苗施用矿质肥料,分析苗木根区与非根区土壤养分、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物数量。结果表明：施肥显著地增加了柳杉苗根区土壤的微生物数量,细菌增幅最大,其次是真菌,施肥对非根区土的微生物数量无明显影响;施肥对柳杉苗根区土壤酶活性影响较复杂,脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性不受施肥影响,磷钾和氮磷钾处理均能显著提高蛋白酶活性,施肥还能有效地降低柳杉苗根区土壤多酚氧化酶的活性。 相似文献
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[目的]研究间伐对杉木人工林土壤微生物数量、酶活性及关系的影响,试图了解不同间伐强度作用下土壤恢复的过程和机制,为人工林经营提供理论依据。[方法]以18年生杉木人工林为研究对象,采用随机区组试验设计,分析4种间伐强度TS0(未间伐(0.0%),1 800株·hm-2)、TS1(轻度(16.7%),1 500株·hm-2)、TS2(中度(33.3%),1 200株·hm-2)和TS3(重度(50.0%),900株·hm-2)下杉木人工林土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性特点,探讨土壤微生物数量与酶活性的相关性。[结果]表明:间伐3年后,林下土壤层酶活性和微生物数量显著提高,不同土层间土壤微生物数量和酶活性均差异显著;间伐显著提高了土壤过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性,除过氧化氢酶(15 30、30 45 cm)、碱性磷酸酶(0 15、30 45 cm)以及脲酶(30 45 cm)以TS3处理的酶活性最高外,其他酶活性在各土层和不同间伐强度下均以TS2处理的酶活性最高;土壤各层微生物以细菌数量最多,其次是放线菌,硝化细菌最少,且TS2处理的微生物数量最多。土壤过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性均与细菌、真菌和硝化细菌数量呈极显著正相关,与放线菌数量呈极显著负相关,氨化细菌数量与过氧化氢酶活性呈负相关,而与脲酶活性呈正相关;碱性磷酸酶活性与细菌、真菌和硝化细菌数量呈正相关,与氨化细菌数量呈极显著负相关,与放线菌数量呈负相关;蔗糖酶活性与细菌、真菌和氨化细菌数量呈极显著正相关,与硝化细菌数量呈正相关,与放线菌数量呈负相关。[结论]间伐改善了林分环境、光照、温度以及林下植被的发育,提高了林下土壤酶活性并增加了微生物数量。间伐3年后的综合表现表明,中度间伐最利于杉木人工中、近熟林阶段的经营,对于改善土壤性质较好。 相似文献
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以自然修复的矿区废弃地土壤为对照,从土壤酶活性的垂直分布、季节动态特征及其与土壤养分含量、重金属含量相关性研究了人工修复的栾树Koelreuteria paniclata、杜英Elaeocarpus decipens混交林(修复地)对湘潭锰矿区废弃地土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:0～60 cm土层中,随着土层深度的增加,土壤酶活性逐渐下降;同一土层中,修复地土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性均高于对照地,且脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性的差异均达到了极显著差异(P＜0.01),0～20 cm土层中蔗糖酶酶活性的差异达到显著水平(P＜0.05);同一季节修复地土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性均显著或极显著高于对照地(P＜0.05),秋、冬季修复地土壤蔗糖酶活性显著高于对照地(P＜0.05),夏季差异不显著(P＞0.05),而春季修复地显著低于对照地(P＜0.05);土壤酶活性与土壤有机质、全N、Mg含量呈极显著(P＜0.01)或显著(P＜0.05)的正相关性,与土壤微生物数量之间均呈极显著或显著的正相关;土壤中重金属对土壤酶活性多表现为抑制作用,且以脲酶活性最敏感,其次是过氧化氧酶活性.人工修复植被能明显提高锰矿区废弃地土壤的酶活性. 相似文献
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以崇阳雷竹林分为研究对象,通过设置标准地,调查研究了林地覆盖对雷竹土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的影响,结果表明:土壤微生物数量具有明显的季节性变化特征,各类微生物数量变化的趋势一致,冬季数量最低,夏季最高。季节性林地覆盖对土壤固氮菌数量的影响不显著,对土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌、固氮菌及氨化菌数量的影响均极显著。林地覆盖对雷竹林地土壤蔗糖酶活性影响极显著,在林地未覆盖条件下土壤蔗糖酶水解作用更强,林地覆盖抑制了蔗糖酶的水解作用。林地覆盖对土壤脲酶活性影响极显著,林地覆盖能显著地提高脲酶活性。林地覆盖对土壤蛋白酶的影响极显著,林地覆盖提升蛋白酶活性,使土壤有效氮含量增大。林地覆盖在一定程度上提高了土壤肥力。 相似文献
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以极小种群野生植物海南假韶子Paranephelium hainanensis集中分布区三亚市落笔洞和亚龙湾热带天堂森林公园两个群落为研究对象,以未见海南假韶子分布的次生林为对照林分,采用土壤理化性质常规及氯仿熏蒸浸提法测定方法对海南假韶子群落的土壤理化性质、土壤微生物和土壤酶活性进行研究。结果表明:(1)海南假韶子所在落笔洞和森林公园群落土壤呈酸性,全磷含量较为缺乏;两个群落非根区土的土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙和交换性镁含量均高于对照林分;森林公园群落根区土的土壤有机质、全钾、碱解氮和交换性镁含量均显著高于落笔洞群落。(2)两个群落非根区土的土壤微生物生物量碳和氮均高于对照林分;落笔洞群落根区土的土壤微生物生物量碳含量(1 081.92 mg?kg~(-1))和微生物生物量C/N(15.79)高于森林公园群落根区土。(3)两个群落非根区土的土壤酶活性也高于对照林分;森林公园群落根区土的土壤酸性磷酸酶(726.18 mg?kg~(-1))和脲酶(1 445.63 mg?kg~(-1))活性显著高于落笔洞群落,但群落间的土壤过氧化氢酶差异不显著。(4)PCA结果表明,海南假韶子不同群落对土壤因子响应较为显著,能较好地区别落笔洞和森林公园群落;同一群落根区土与非根区土对土壤因子响应也不同。这些结果为进一步探究海南假韶子对异质性土壤的适应性奠定了基础。 相似文献
9.
江汉平原杨树林下土壤肥力因子的关联性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对土壤酶活性、土壤微生物数量和土壤养分的分析,研究江汉平原上游10个县(市)杨树林下土壤肥力因子之间时空变化及其相互关系。结果表明:无论是林下相对于林外,还是生长季相对于落叶季,细菌数量与磷酸酶活性、真菌数量与蛋白酶活性总是正相关;而在杨树的生长季节,土壤AA含量与各类微生物数量均呈正相关;土壤NO3--N、有效Ca含量与各类微生物数量均呈负相关;Mg/K与真菌数量显著正相关;土壤NO3--N含量与有效B含量呈极显著正相关;有效Ca含量与有效Mg含量呈显著正相关,与Mg/K呈极显著正相关。 相似文献
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采用培养法测定紫茎泽兰入侵地和非入侵地土壤微生物(细菌、放线菌、真菌、自生固氮菌、纤维分解菌、钾细菌和有机磷细菌)在春夏秋冬4个季节的数量,比较其入侵地和非入侵地土壤微生物数量的差异,并对不同类群微生物数量进行相关分析.结果表明,(1)紫茎泽兰入侵地和非入侵地土壤微生物数量在4个季节变化的规律相似,土壤放线菌的数量在秋季最多,春季较少；其他类群微生物的数量在春季和夏季较多,秋季较少.(2)紫茎泽兰入侵影响土壤微生物的数量,致使入侵地土壤细菌数量多于非入侵地,非入侵地土壤放线菌、自生固氮菌、纤维分解菌、钾细菌和有机磷细菌的数量多于入侵地；入侵地土壤中真菌数量在春季极显著多于非入侵地,在夏季和冬季分别显著和极显著少于非入侵地.(3)紫茎泽兰入侵影响土壤细菌与其他类群微生物数量间的相关性,入侵地土壤细菌与真菌、钾细菌和有机磷细菌之间呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),非入侵地土壤细菌仅与自生固氮菌之间均呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01). 相似文献
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《林业研究》2020,(5)
Soil enzymes play a vital role in biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem functions. In this study, we examined the response of six soil enzymes to changes in physicochemical properties resulting from changes in season and vegetation and geological conditions. Catalase,urease, acid phosphatase, invertase, amylase, and cellulase not only promote carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling, but also participate in the decomposition of harmful substances. Thirty-six soil samples were collected from karst and non-karst areas in two different seasons and from three different types of vegetation in Yunnanprovince, southwest China. Both vegetation types and season had significant effects on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities. In the same plot, soil water content, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus increased in the rainy season, indicating enhanced microbial metabolic activity.With the exception of urease activity, the remaining five enzymes showed higher activity in the rainy season.Changes in activities between the two seasons were significant in all samples. In the same season, activity levels of soil enzymes were higher in karst areas than in non-karst areas, and higher in natural forest than in artificial forests.The transformative abilities of soil elements are higher in karst areas than in non-karst areas, and higher in natural forests than in artificial forests. Correlation analysis showed that the activities of the six enzymes correlated significantly; however, soil physical and chemical indices,such as organic matter, p H, and moisture, which are essential for enzyme activity, differed by season. Redundancy analysis also revealed that the main factors influencing enzyme activity differed between the two seasons.The results from this study provide a theoretical basis for further research on the restoration of natural ecological systems in karst landscapes. 相似文献
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矿质营养对于植物生长发育具有十分重要的作用,植物出现生理缺素,生长发育就会异常,毛白杨缺铁黄化就属其中一种。缺铁原因除与土壤有关外,还与育苗技术密切相关,该文归纳出五种导致苗木缺铁黄化的技术因素,并对黄化原因进行了试验认定。根据黄化机理分析,进行了根外、根部施用不同浓度有机铁溶液试验,结果表明用５％的有机铁溶液按每株２．５ｋｇ直接灌根,可从根本上解除黄化;而采用１％药液叶面喷雾效果虽好,但仅起局部作用。 相似文献
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通过对北京低山地区土壤的理化性质和脲酶、过氧化氢酶以及多酚氧化酶的分析，探讨了供试土壤中３种酶活性状况及其与土壤理化性质的关系。研究结果表明：３种土壤酶活性均表现出随土壤深度增加而降低的规律性；３种土壤酶活性间具有良好相关性，显示了３种酶在土壤生物化学过程中的共性关系；土壤酶活性同多种土壤性质呈现良好相关性，其中，土壤有机质含量和土壤全氮量对酶活性影响最大。 相似文献
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甜龙竹不同栽培模式对土壤酶活性的影响及其相关因素分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在云南省沧源佤族自治县勐甘村的甜龙竹(Dendrocalamus brandisii)基地,采取5种甜龙竹栽培模式：甜龙竹×核桃(ZH)、甜龙竹×西南桦(CK)、甜龙竹×杉木(ZS)、甜龙竹×古茶树(ZC)和甜龙竹×果树(ZG),研究不同栽培模式对土壤酶活性的影响,并分析土壤酶活性与土壤化学性质的相关关系。结果表明：甜龙竹不同栽培模式不同土层对土壤酶活性具有显著影响,不同栽培模式对甜龙竹土壤酶活性的影响排序为：ZS>ZH>ZG>CK>ZC;土壤酶活性随着土层深度的增加呈逐渐下降趋势,说明表层土的微生物生物量聚集的最多,能释放出较多的酶;土壤酶活性与有机质、有机碳、水解氮、有效磷、速效钾、全氮、全磷、全钾存在显著或极显著相关关系。研究认为,在营造和经营甜龙竹林时,选择与杉木共同栽植可以在一定程度上提高土壤中的酶活性,其中对土壤脂肪酶活性的提高最为明显。 相似文献
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Seasonal variation of soil respiration rates in a secondary forest and agroforestry systems 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Kikang Bae Don Koo Lee Timothy J. Fahey Soo Young Woo Amos K. Quaye Yong-Kwon Lee 《Agroforestry Systems》2013,87(1):131-139
Agroforestry systems are widely practiced in tropical forests to recover degraded and deforested areas and also to balance the global carbon budget. However, our understanding of difference in soil respiration rates between agroforestry and natural forest systems is very limited. This study compared the seasonal variations in soil respiration rates in relation to fine root biomass, microbial biomass, and soil organic carbon between a secondary forest and two agroforestry systems dominated by Gmelina arborea and Dipterocarps in the Philippines during the dry and the wet seasons. The secondary forest had significantly higher (p < 0.05) soil respiration rate, fine root biomass and soil organic matter than the agroforestry systems in the dry season. However, in the wet season, soil respiration and soil organic matter in the G. arborea dominated agroforestry system were as high as in the secondary forest. Whereas soil respiration was generally higher in the wet than in the dry season, there were no differences in fine root biomass, microbial biomass and soil organic matter between the two seasons. Soil respiration rate correlated positively and significantly with fine root biomass, microbial biomass, and soil organic C in all three sites. The results of this study indicate, to some degree, that different land use management practices have different effects on fine root biomass, microbial biomass and soil organic C which may affect soil respiration as well. Therefore, when introducing agroforestry system, a proper choice of species and management techniques which are similar to natural forest is recommended. 相似文献
17.
《Forest Ecology and Management》1988,23(4):273-283
The objective of this study was to determine if seedbed substrates consisting of F and H organic matter and Ae and Bf mineral material inhibited seed germination and subsequent seedling growth of black spruce. The study was conducted with seedbed substrates collected from eight pure blackspruce stands of four age classes (15, 30, 45 and 60 years) in central Newfoundland.No significant effect on percentage germination or primary shoot growth of seedlings was obtained when grown on F and H organic matter, Ae and Bf mineral material. However, growth and development of primary roots was significantly reduced in the F and H organic matter and Ae mineral material compared to the controls (washed sand). The inhibitory effect increased with stand age. The affected seedlings did not produce normal primary roots with root hairs. The primary root cells of the affected seedlings were significantly broader and shorter compared to the control seedlings. Mineral material from the Bf horizon did not have any significant effect on primary root growth of black spruce seedlings. 相似文献
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Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is a traditional economic tree species in China, and often cultivated in agroforestry systems. The objective of the study
was to examine the effects of different Ginkgo and crop species combinations on soil fertility. We established two Ginkgo
and crop species systems: Ginkgo + wheat + soybean (G+W+S), Ginkgo + rape + soybean (G+R+S), and one Ginkgo + mulberry (G+M)
system, one pure mulberry plantation (M), and one crop systems of rape + soybean (R+S) in the field. Soil chemical properties
and enzymes activities were measured 4 years after planting. These soil chemical properties and enzyme activities were used
as soil fertility indicators (FI). Soil fertility of the five planting systems was finally evaluated by using improved Analytic
Hierarchy Process (AHP). The result showed that soil chemical properties (including pH, organic matter, total N, hydrolysable
N, available P and K, total K) and soil enzyme activities (including catalase, sucrase, urease, dehydrogenase, phosphatase,
polyphenol oxidase and protease) in the five planting systems were significantly different from each other (P = 0.0237). The above parameters were also different at different soil depths. The concentration of total N, P, organic matter,
available P and K of soil decreased significantly with soil depth (P = 0.0146), however, pH increased. The concentrations of organic matter, total N, hydrolysable N, available P and K of soil
under rape + soybean (R+S) was lowest among the five planting systems. The activities of sucrase, urease, dehydrogenase, phosphatase
and protease decreased with soil depth, however, the activity of catalase and polyphenol oxidase increased. Except for catalase,
the activities of these enzymes in the R+S system were the lowest among the five planting systems. The integrated evaluation
of soil fertility showed that soil fertility indicators (FI) were significantly different, and the FI values for the five
systems followed order: G+M (0.847) > G+W+S (0.446) > M (0.399) > G+R+S (0.343) > R+S (0.211). These results indicated that
adoption of a Ginkgo-crop combination could lead to increased long-term sustainability of soil fertility by improving levels
of soil organic matter, pH, available nutrient and soil enzyme activity. 相似文献
20.
复合经营模式对土壤酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采样分析不同耕作模式的土壤酶活性和肥力因子,结果表明:所有模式的土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶的季节变化趋势一致,复合经营模式的土壤肥力和酶活性高于单种作物土壤。将土壤酶活性和土壤肥力因子进行相关分析,结果表明:蔗糖酶活性与有机质(r=0.558 7)含量极显著正相关;过氧化氢酶活性与全钾(r=0.524 7)和水解性氮(r=0.442 5)含量极显著正相关;多酚氧化酶活性与有机质(r=-0.577 9)、全氮(r=-0.619 7)和全磷(r=-0.638 5)含量均极显著负相关;脲酶活性与有机质(r=0.908 5)、速效钾(r=0.900 6)、全氮(r=0.843 5)、水解性氮(r=0.796 5)、速效磷(r=0.763 0)和全钾(r=0.676 4)含量均达到极显著正相关水平。 相似文献