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难产是母牛的常见病之一 ,据不完全统计 ,发病率在 1%以上。因助产不力 ,特别是滥用催产素引起收缩造成的产道狭窄 ,无法实施矫正胎儿或截胎 ,导致母牛淘汰。这种病例几乎年年发生 ,我镇 2 0 0 0年就有 3例。笔者 10多年来在母牛难产救助的实践中 ,总结出临床实践较理想的操作方法 ,现介绍如下 :1 保定 在母牛难产救助时 ,采用常规站立保定。2 临栏检查 备好助产器械 ,术者剪磨指甲 ,消毒手及手臂 ,并涂上润滑油 (医用凡士林或花生油或植物油 )。2 .1 产道检查 判断母体产道或胎儿是否异常 ,检查阴门、阴道是否狭窄或有肿瘤 ,子宫颈扩… 相似文献
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子宫颈狭窄是软产道狭窄中比较常见的一种,尤其是随着肉用牛的杂交改良,子宫颈狭 窄是仅次于胎儿过大给肉牛造成难产危害的另一主要原因。据养牛户反映,因该类难产造成胎儿死亡,或因子宫颈及子宫破裂造成母牛死亡的病例较多。在临床实践中,大多数畜主不愿行剖腹取胎术,因其手术费用较高,且可能影响以后的繁殖能力。因此,子宫颈狭窄时,如何尽力从产道产出活胎儿,或不损伤产道取出死胎,成为兽医临床上一个急待解决的课题。为此我们进行了这方面的研究探讨。 相似文献
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生产实践中,母牛的难产常见于下列情况,有的技术人员或畜主缺乏接产和助产知识,使早期能够避免的难产复杂化。母牛常期舍饲,运动不足,致使胎儿活力不强,胎势、胎位异常而导致难产。母牛过早配种或发育不良等常造成胎儿过大或产道狭窄而难产等。救助难产措施不利,常造成母子双亡的情况,给养牛户造成较大的经济损失。 相似文献
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母牛难产是指母牛在分娩进行时,在母牛方面,由于产力不足及产道狭窄等,在胎儿方面,由于其胎儿过大或胎位异常等,从而导致胎儿未能正常从产道分娩出.黄母牛一旦发生该病,不及时进行助产救治,轻的可造成胎儿窒息死亡,并可造成母牛子宫与产道感染;重的可致使母牛及胎儿发双亡,给畜主造成重大经济损失. 相似文献
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难产由于发生的原因不同可分为产力性难产、产道性难产和胎儿性难产3种。在临床实践当中,以胎儿性难产为多见,它在奶牛难产中约占3/4。由于胎儿头颈及四肢较长,容易发生姿势不正,其中主要是胎儿姿势异常和前肢异常较常见。最近接产1例胎儿先天性 相似文献
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[目的]为了寻求本地黄牛母牛难产的原因和解决方法。[方法]2013年对5081头母牛的产犊情况进行统计分析。[结果]在统计产犊的母牛中,本地母牛为4018头,西本杂母牛为1063头,难产率最高的是本地母牛×西门塔尔,难产率为7.98%,其后依次为本地母牛×利木赞（6.55%）,西本杂母牛×西门塔尔（4.65%）,本地牛×安格斯（3.1%）,难产率最低的是本地母牛×本地公牛,难产率为0.85%。[结论]可采取科学选配、控制营养等方法来减少难产的发生率;采取科学的接产方法,能有效解决难产问题。 相似文献
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在奶牛分娩过程中，难产是奶牛常见的产科病之一。由于子宫颈不开张或开张不全、产道狭窄、胎儿相对过大、胎儿畸形、无法矫正或矫正失败等原因导致奶牛难产，要保母子平安，实施剖腹产手术来挽救母子生命是惟一正确的选择。但很多临床兽医工作者不愿意进行剖腹产手术，担心剖腹产会造成母牛死亡或影响奶牛以后正常配种繁殖而不进行手术救治，致使很多难产牛被强制牵拉分娩，未果后直接淘汰，即使部分胎犊被强行拉出犊也已死亡，母体产道也遭受严重损伤，更为严重的导致产道重度撕裂母牛截瘫或造成大出血而死亡，给奶牛养殖经营者带来较大经济损失。下面把剖腹产的操控要点介绍给大家以是借鉴。 相似文献
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随着牛的改良面逐渐扩大,作为冻改从业人员将会越来越多的接触难产助产的病例。常见的难产根据发生的原因不同可以分为产力性难产、产道性难产和胎儿性难产三种。前两种是由母体异常所引起的,后一种是由胎儿的异常所造成。笔者从事畜牧兽医工作20多年,处理难产、助产猪、马、牛多例,斜坡助产对牛的难产助产是首选方法。除严重的子宫捻转的病例以外均可采用此法。1手术助产的基本原则手术助产的目的是取出胎儿,挽救母畜,争取达到母子安全。同时还需注意保全母畜以后的生育能力,时间越早越好,否则一是胎儿已楔入盆腔,子宫壁紧裹胎儿,胎水完全… 相似文献
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奶牛的双胎难产不仅会导致犊牛窒息死亡,还可能会引起母牛的死亡。临床上对难产奶牛实施助产时,若操作不当,引起产道拉伤还会引发后续的生产性疾病,影响母牛的生产性能。为了在临床上解决奶牛双胎难产的问题,实验阐述了1例双胎犊牛同时为倒生的难产奶牛的助产处置和产后护理。结果表明助产处置后,成功产下两公犊牛,均存活;经过产后护理,双胎难产母牛胎衣正常排出,产后10 d内体温正常,血酮值稳定,肝功能指标和能量指标正常,无异常状况。说明正确的助产和有效的产后护理方式,可以减少双胎难产奶牛母畜子畜的死亡,预防母畜产后疾病的发生。 相似文献
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K E Gregory S E Echternkamp G E Dickerson L V Cundiff R M Koch L D Van Vleck 《Journal of animal science》1990,68(10):3133-3144
An evaluation of natural twinning in beef cattle revealed that cows birthing twins had shorter (P less than .01) gestation lengths, more (P less than .01) retained placentas, more (P less than .01) dystocia, more (P less than .01) days to estrus, lower (P less than .01) conception rates and more (P less than .01) days to pregnancy than cows birthing singles. Days to estrus, conception rate and days to pregnancy were not affected by number of calves reared (1 vs 2) in cows birthing twins. Survival at birth was greater (P less than .01) for single- than for twin-born calves, but twins and singles did not differ (P greater than .05) in postnatal survival. When dystocia was experienced, calf survival at birth was 95% vs 73% for singles vs twins compared with 99% vs 92% when no dystocia was experienced. Calves born twins were lighter (P less than .01) at birth, 100 d and 200 d, but twins and singles did not differ in postweaning gains. Total calf weights at 100 d per cow calving were 12% greater (P less than .01) in cows birthing twins vs singles when twin calves reared by foster dams were excluded. The potential increase in cow productivity for total calf weight at 100 d is 40% if calf survival rates of twins with dystocia relative to survival rates of twins without dystocia were comparable to survival rates of singles with and without dystocia, and if cows birthing twins were fed and managed to obtain conception rates equal to those of cows birthing singles. Identification of cows gestating twins to provide for their higher prepartum nutritive requirements and calving assistance at parturition is necessary to make twinning in cattle an economically viable technology. 相似文献
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[目的]旨在研究皖北地区肉牛能繁母牛繁殖疾病的发生情况。[方法]通过走访,并结合调查问卷,对皖北地区的22个母牛繁育场的3088头母牛的繁殖疾病发病情况及病因进行调查。[结果]结果显示：皖北地区母牛繁殖疾病以胎衣不下的发病率最高(5.99 %)、其次是子宫内膜炎(5.44 %)、难产(3.92 %)、流产(2.75 %)、子宫积脓(1.45 %)、阴道脱出(1.33 %)、卵巢囊肿分别(1.39 %)、持久黄体(1.52 %)。[结论]繁育场的饲养管理技术影响母牛繁殖疾病的发病率,针对这些因素提出了对应的改进意见,以期为安徽省的能繁母牛的扩拦增量工作提供决策参考。 相似文献
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The objectives of this study were to assess the risk associated with proportion Brahman inheritance, cow age, dystocia, and birth date weather conditions on calf vigor at birth (n = 3,253) and preweaning mortality (n = 3,631), and to estimate heritabilities for these traits. Calves that had poor vigor at birth and calves that died before weaning were coded 1, and those that had adequate birth vigor or survived to weaning were coded 0. Traits were analyzed using GLM. Year (1951 to 2002), cow age, calfgender, minimum temperature on date of birth (two levels: < 5.6 degrees C; or > 5.6 degrees C), and occurrence of dystocia were main effects in models. The proportion of Brahman inheritance in calves was modeled as a covariate. Males had greater odds of poor birth vigor (odds ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence interval = 1.14 to 1.82). The odds of death before weaning for steers relative to heifers approached significance (P = 0.07; odds ratio 1.41, 95% confidence interval 0.97 to 2.04). Calves born to young (3-yr-old) or very old (13 yr or older) cows had greater (P < 0.05) odds of poor vigor and death before weaning than calves of 5-yr-old cows. Calves with difficult births had 2.59 times greater odds of poor birth vigor (95% confidence interval 1.40 to 4.79) and 12.9 times greater odds of death before weaning (95% confidence interval 8.14 to 20.39) than calves born with no dystocia. Calves born on days with minimum temperatures of 5.6 degrees C or less had greater odds of poor vigor (odds ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval 1.50 to 2.59) and of death before weaning (odds ratio 1.64, 95% confidence interval 1.27 to 2.13) than did calves born on days with higher minimums. The occurrence of rainfall on date of birth did not influence calf vigor at birth or preweaning mortality (P > 0.85). Purebred Brahman calves had 24.7 times greater odds (95% confidence interval 8.23 to 73.97) of poor vigor than 2/3 Brahman calves. The regression coefficient estimate for fraction of Brahman inheritance approached significance (P = 0.07) for preweaning mortality. Estimates of direct and maternal heritability were 0.09 +/- 0.05 and 0.10 +/- 0.04 for birth vigor, and 0.06 +/- 0.05 and 0.09 +/- 0.04, respectively, for preweaning mortality. Some exploitable genetic variation exists for these traits, but management of other factors may yield more immediate improvement than selection. 相似文献
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Fetotomy in cattle with special reference to postoperative complications--an evaluation of 131 cases
In the course of this retrospective study on fetotomy of cattle 131 operations were evaluated. The case studies put the cattle 2 to 96 hours into labour (average 13 hours). The cows that exhibited post-operative complications were on average 19.2 hours into labour prior to the operation. Those which had a normal puerperium however were only 8.4 hours, on average, in labour. 79% of the animals showed depressed general health on admission, 8% of which were unable to stand. The main cause of the dystocia was the incorrect position/orientation of the dead foetus (38.9%) as well as relative or absolutely too large calves (25.2%). In 14.5% of the cases the offspring were malformed causing the dystocia. 28 of the protracted births were due to both maternal as well as foetal causes. Mortality of the cows lay by 6.9%, irregularities in the puerperal period ran at 67.2%. The age of the mother did not seem to influence the post operative events. The most common complication was retained placenta (n = 49; 37.4%) followed by lochiometra (n = 21; 16%), vaginal wounds and pelvic phlegmons (each n = 16; 12.2%) and neurotripsy (n = 6; 12.2%). Of these puerperal complications the pelvic phlegmon required the longest post-operative care (14.3 days, retention secundinarum was cured in 13 days, lochiometra in 8.8, cows without complaint were treated for 3.8 days after the operation). The most important factors for the post-operative prognosis are the time in labour and any trauma of the soft birth canal which influence the forming of pelvic phlegmons. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to obtain information on the frequency of cervical dystocia and involution disorders of the canalis cervicalis after difficult dystocia and to characterise factors possibly influencing these pathological conditions. Therefore 317 difficult births in the cow (extraction: 123; foetotomy: 82; caesarean section: 112) and the involution of the cervical canal were documented during the first ten days post partum. In total a cervical dystocia could be diagnosed 53 times (16.7% related to the total number of births). This kind of birth disorder is regularly followed by a caesarean section (p < 0.001). Animals who show a narrowness in the cervix were older than the cows without cervical dystocia (p < 0.05). The same correlation could be detected for the number of births. Animals with delivery problems associated with the cervix had already given birth to more calves than cows who were not affected by cervical disorders (p < 0.01). 58 cows developed a disorder of the cervical involution (18.3% related to the total number of deliveries). This puerperal disorder can be frequently observed after foetotomy (p < 0.001). A correlation between the incidence of disorders of cervical involution and the age or the parity of the animals could not be detected. In the same way, cows with a diagnosis of a cervical dystocia did not develop more frequently disorders of cervical involution than animals who showed a physiological dilation of the cervical canal intra partum. 相似文献
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难产(dystocia)是母畜分娩时胎儿娩出缓慢或难以娩出,需要助产帮助胎儿娩出的过程。难产既会导致母牛出现生殖道疾病而影响其后的发情和繁殖,也会危及犊牛和母牛的生命,严重损害养牛经济效益。引起肉牛难产的因素很多,有遗传因素和非遗传因素,包括母牛因素、胎儿因素、公牛因素、营养因素与环境因素等。犊牛出生重、母体骨盆结构和妊娠时长是3个最主要的因素。多种因素的交叉互作,使难产成为极其复杂的生理与病理现象。国际牛业发达国家非常重视母牛繁殖与生产环节,开展了大量卓有成效的研究与分析。在对几十年来有关肉牛繁殖与生产方面的报道较为细致分析基础上,文章重点对普通肉牛繁殖与生产过程中出现的主要难产问题进行综述,供国内同行借鉴。 相似文献
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“母犊素”是一种生殖生理调控的激素类药品。喀什地区2004～2005年在6个县的68个冷配站实施“母犊素”的推广使用,目的在于改善冷配母牛母犊出生率偏低的现象,提高农牧民参与黄牛改良的积极性。项目实施参试牛只达3 500头,随机调查产犊头数1 618头,母犊率平均达到58．90％,比未使用“母犊素”处理的母牛产母犊率42．66％净提高16．24％,相对提高38．07％。试验证明,用“母犊素”处理配种母牛,不仅能大幅度提高母犊出生率,还能提高母牛的部分繁殖性能,值得在黄牛改良中推广应用。 相似文献
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Cattle-level risk factors associated with fecal shedding of Shiga toxin-encoding bacteria on dairy farms, Minnesota, USA 
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下载免费PDF全文 Seongbeom Cho Charles P. Fossler Francisco Diez-Gonzalez Scott J. Wells Craig W. Hedberg John B. Kaneene Pamela L. Ruegg Lorin D. Warnick Jeffrey B. Bender 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2009,73(2):151-156
The objective of this study was to identify individual cattle-level risk factors associated with fecal shedding of Shiga toxin-encoding bacteria (STB), a surrogate for Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), on 28 organic and conventional dairy farms. It was found that small organic herds (fewer than 100 cows) were associated with higher odds of Shiga toxin-encoding bacteria (STB) shedding from 2 (all cattle and all cows) of 3 cattle models, followed by small conventional herds, compared with large conventional herds. Preweaned calves [odds ratio (OR) = 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 5.7] had higher odds of shedding STB compared with adult cows. Calves more than 28 days of age (OR = 2.0, 95%CI: 1.0, 4.4) were more likely to shed STB than calves less than 28 days of age. This information may be helpful for identifying potential control strategies such as targeted vaccination or management practices. 相似文献