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1.
超声波对微细通道内纳米制冷剂流动沸腾传热影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探究有无超声波作用下微细通道内纳米流体流动沸腾传热特性,该研究设计了一种可以放置超声波换能器的微细通道试验段,运用超声波振荡法制备了纳米颗粒质量分数为0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的均匀稳定TiO2/R141b纳米制冷剂。在设计系统压力为152 kPa,有效热流密度的范围为10.8～22.7 kW/m2,超声功率为50 W,超声频率为23 kHz,质量流率为121.1 kg/(m2·s),入口温度为35 ℃的工况下,在截面宽度为2 mm的矩形微细通道内进行流动沸腾试验。研究结果表明：纳米颗粒质量分数为0.2%时的传热系数较高,强化传热效果较好,超声波作用下仍是质量分数为0.2%的纳米流体强化传热效果较好,相对于无超声情况下R141b平均饱和沸腾传热系数最大提高了89.9%。热流密度对超声波强化传热效果有很大影响,不同热流密度下强化效果有明显差距,声场作用下纳米制冷剂的平均饱和沸腾传热系数随有效热流密度的增大呈先增后降的趋势。通过COMSOL软件对通道内汽液界面的声场进行了模拟,模拟结果表明超声波在汽泡中的传播较弱。对于质量分数为0.2%的纳米制冷剂,进出口超声作用下超声强化因子最大为1.46。该研究结果可为通过施加超声波提高微细通道换热性能提供新思路。 相似文献
2.
换热器微细通道纳米流体沸腾混沌特征与强化传热的关系 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为探究微细通道内纳米流体流动沸腾系统的传热性能、非线性特性及其相互关系,分别以质量分数为0.05%、0.10%、0.15%、0.20%和0.30%的Al2O3/R141b纳米流体和R141b纯制冷剂为试验工质,在2 mm×2 mm的矩形微细通道内进行流动沸腾试验,计算得到了不同浓度纳米流体的沸腾传热系数,建立了试验段进出口压差时间序列,运用Hurst指数分析、关联维数、最大Lyapunov数和Kolmogorov熵研究了该时间序列的非线性特征,并比较其与传热系数之间的关系,结果表明:相比纯制冷剂,纳米流体流动沸腾系统的混沌程度更强,传热性能也更好;纳米流体的混沌程度随着浓度的升高先增强后减弱,其沸腾传热系数也随着浓度的升高先增加后减小,试验工况下质量分数为0.1%的纳米流体的各项非线性特征量均达到最大值,混沌程度最强,相应的沸腾传热系数也为最大,其平均沸腾传热系数可达4.25 k W/(m~2·K),而纯制冷剂仅为2.42 k W/(m~2·K)。该文采用非线性分析与试验相结合的方法,更能准确描述微细通道沸腾系统的动力学特征,可为进一步研究微细通道纳米流体相变强化传热机理提供参考。 相似文献
3.
在农业工程领域,微细通道散热技术在农产品培育系统、农业机械、农产品干燥系统中有着广泛的应用。通过施加电场可强化微细通道换热系统的传热效率,为探究电场对微细通道内制冷剂流动沸腾阻力的影响,该文采用了2种电极布置方式(针状和线状),以制冷剂R141b为试验工质,在系统压力为140k Pa,工质入口温度32.5℃、质量流率277.35~531.75 kg/(m^2·s)、热流密度7.50~21.49 kW/m^2、电压0~850 V工况下,在截面尺寸为2 mm×2 mm的矩形微细通道内进行流动沸腾试验,探究直流电场对微细通道内R141b流动沸腾压降特性影响。研究结果表明:在本文试验工况下,电场会增大微细通道内的摩擦压降,针状与线状电极电场作用下的微细通道内摩擦压降分量在总压降中所占比例均比无电极作用下的更大;电场作用下单位长度两相摩擦压降随电压、热流密度的增大而增大,针状电极与线状电极电场作用下平均单位长度两相摩擦压降分别比无电极作用下增加0.7%~15.4%和1.3%~18.7%;电压为0~250 V时,针状电极对压降的影响效果大于线状电极,电压大于400 V后,线状电极对压降的影响效果更为显著。通过COMSOL软件对6 mm长微细通道内2种电场的分布进行了模拟,模拟结果表明相同电压作用下,针状电极产生的电场强度最大值超过线性电极,但线状电极的电场有效作用范围超过针状电极。该文研究结果可为通过施加电场提高微细通道换热器的性能实现微细通道高效节能提供新思路。 相似文献
4.
换热设备螺旋和直细通道内扇形凹穴对流体流动和传热的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探究结构表面(如凹穴)对换热设备螺旋和直细通道内流体流动和传热影响的差异,在这2种通道的两侧面加入扇形凹穴,并采用数值方法研究其在不同雷诺数下流动、传热、熵产以及综合性能的影响。结果表明:凹穴对螺旋细通道内流体的流动影响明显,摩阻系数最大提高23%,而对传热和综合性能几乎没有影响;低雷诺数时凹穴对直细通道内流体的流动、传热和综合性能的影响不明显,而高雷诺数时影响显著,摩阻系数和努塞尔数最大分别提高50%和45%,最大传热强化因子达1.27;凹穴可减少螺旋和直细通道内流体流动和传热过程的熵产,但在高雷诺数时才比较明显地减少,且对直细通道的影响大于螺旋细通道,熵产增大数的最小值分别为0.34和0.73。研究结果可为微细通道换热设备的性能改善提供参考。 相似文献
5.
制冷系统不同表面能微通道的流动沸腾传热特性试验 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为了研究微通道壁面特性对流动沸腾传热的影响,该文以具有不同表面能的微通道为研究对象,制冷剂R141b为试验工质,在不同热流密度、质量流率下对微通道内的沸腾传热特性进行了试验探究。结果表明:在该试验工况下,质量流率的增加有利于沸腾传热,但微通道内过冷段长度也相应增加;在微通道饱和沸腾区传热系数较稳定,但沿工质流动方向有缓慢降低的趋势;相比于表面能为23.93 m N/m的3#的微通道,表面能为60.03和49.54 m N/m的1#和2#微通道沸腾传热系数分别提高18.42%和9.28%;根据试验值与关联式预测值的对比情况,对Lazarek关联式进行修正,拟合得到能很好预测该试验各工况下的传热关联式,平均绝对误差为9.76%。该研究为微通道换热器的设计提供了参考。 相似文献
6.
换热器铝基微细通道微纳结构表面制备及其传热特性 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
在农业工程中,微细通道传热技术在储粮仓温度控制、农产品干燥系统和太阳能热水系统有着广泛的应用。该文使用CuCl2溶液刻蚀铝基微细通道表面并采用超声波清洗的方式得到微纳结构表面,呈现出超亲水性;在微纳结构表面的基础上用氟硅烷溶液修饰后得到超疏水表面,只经过砂纸打磨处理的为普通光滑表面。使用3种不同表面的微细通道进行流动沸腾试验,试验工质为R141b,操作压力为142 kPa,在不同质量流率、热流密度下研究不同润湿性表面对传热特性的影响。试验结果表明,在低热流密度下,超疏水表面有着最佳的传热特性,相对于普通光滑表面传热系数最大提高31.6%;当热流密度升高到一定值后,超亲水表面的传热系数最大,相对于普通光滑表面传热系数最大提高20.6%。继续提高加热功率,超疏水表面的传热系数开始下降,甚至低于普通光滑表面。该文通过改变微通道的表面特性,研究微纳结构表面对微通道流动沸腾传热特性的影响,为制造出更高换热特性的微细通道换热器提供了新的思路,从而实现节能与高效传热。 相似文献
7.
为探究相分离结构作用下细通道流动沸腾传热特性,该研究加工制作了带有不同相分离结构的平行逆流细通道试验段,通过相邻两通道间的高低压切换实现气相分离作用。相分离结构通道加工有:少排气孔的1型相分离结构通道(SPS1通道)(structure of phase separation, SPS)和多排气孔的2型相分离结构通道(SPS2通道),并与无相分离结构的通道(SPS3通道)进行对照试验。以质量分数为30%的甘油水溶液为试验工质,在有效热流密度为103.54～151.43 kW/m2,质量流率为121.25 kg/(m2·s),入口温度为70℃的工况下,在截面为2 mm×2 mm的矩形细通道内开展流动沸腾试验,研究不同相分离结构对细通道内流动沸腾传热特性和均温性的影响规律,并采用高速摄像机对受限气泡长径比变化进行可视化分析。研究结果表明,与SPS3通道相比,SPS2通道的局部饱和沸腾传热系数最大提高了26.65%。在两相区内,SPS2通道的均温性最好,SPS1次之,SPS3最差,SPS2通道的沿程壁面温度标准差最大降低了18.91%。可视化分析结... 相似文献
8.
该文基于螺旋式微通道散热器,采用Mixture模型对菲涅尔高倍聚光下纳米流体冷却工质的换热特性进行了研究,并引入强化传热因子η来判定冷却工质的换热能效,结果表明:雷诺数相同时,与蒸馏水相比,Al_2O_3-H_2O和Si O2-H_2O纳米流体具有更高的对流换热系数,并且Al_2O_3-H_2O的传热特性要优于SiO_2-H_2O;纳米流体的强化传热因子随着入口流速的增大呈先升高后降低的趋势,当入口流速为0.82 m/s时,强化传热因子达到最大值,但质量分数为5%的Al_2O_3-H_2O纳米流体的强化换热因子与流体的入口速度成正比,且当流体速度小于0.68 m/s时,其强化传热因子高于其他3种纳米流体;Al_2O_3-H_2O纳米流体的换热特性随着纳米粒子粒径的增加而降低,随着质量分数的增加呈先增后降的二次曲线趋势,当质量分数为5.5%时换热特性最强,该研究为纳米流体在高倍聚光砷化镓太阳能电池冷却方面提供理论参考。 相似文献
9.
添加固体颗粒提高太阳能集热管内导热油光热转换性能 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
利用太阳辐照玻璃真空管加热导热油的试验装置,试验研究了添加不同种类和不同质量分数的固体颗粒对导热油光热转换特性的影响,通过测量闷晒温度和闷晒太阳辐照量间接比较了3种试验流体的热性能;理论分析了固体颗粒对导热油吸热与对流传热的强化机理。结果表明：添加铜箔颗粒可提高导热油平均温度14℃;同等试验工况石墨-油分别与铜箔-油和铝箔-油的最大温差达3.3和7℃;质量分数3%～3.2%的铜箔颗粒对提高导热油闷晒温度较有利,增大含量对光热转换的强化效果不明显。石墨-油和铜箔-油显示出良好的光热转换性能。该研究为导热油在太阳能热发电和热管热水器领域的应用提供科学参考。 相似文献
10.
为提升平板微热管传热能力，该研究以毛细力为出发点，将丝网芯-泡沫铜置于平板微热管中每一独立微细热管内部，使其与微槽芯组成复合吸液芯。通过调节平板微热管蒸发段加热功率的大小，研究反重力（倾角，即平板微热管与水平面之间的夹角小于0°）、微重力（倾角等于0°）及重力（倾角大于0°）工况下的传热特性及不同孔径泡沫铜对传热性能的影响。结果表明：反重力条件下，当倾角小于-10°时，平板微热管性能明显恶化，复合吸液芯对平板微热管传热无强化作用；添加孔径分别为0.2、0.5和0.8 mm泡沫铜的平板微热管在微重力或重力作用下传热性能明显强化，最小热阻分别为0.13、0.17和0.13 K/W；有效导热系数增加率分别为3.57、2.43和3.54。研究结果可为平板微热管强化传热提供数据参考，拓展其在热控领域中的应用范围。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献