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Cultivar and Environmental Effects on β-glucanase Activity in Both Barley Grain and Malt and Its Function in β-glucan Degradation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Eight two-rowed barley cultivars were grown at seven locations in the southern winter-barleyzone of China. Mean grain β-glucanase activity ranged from 39.89 U kg-1 for Suyin2 to 49.75 U kg-1 for Xi-umai3 in 8 cultivars grown at 7 locations, and from 38.74 U kg-1 in Zhengzhou to 57. 96 U kg-1 in Putianamong 7 locations on an average of all cultivars. Correspondingly, mean malt β-glucanase activity of 8 culti-vars ranged from 313.33 U kg-1 for ZAU3 to 489.89 U kg-1 for Daner Barley, and of 7 locations from 330.40U kg-1 in Yancheng to 418.24 U kg-1 in Putian. There were significant differences among cultivars and loca-tions in malt β-glucanase activities. The locations showed much larger variation in malt β-glucanase activitiesthan cultivars. The reduction of total β-glucan content after malting varied in both cultivars and locations,with a mean of 78.31%. The analysis of correlations showed that malt β-glucan content was significantly posi-tively and negatively correlated with grain β-glucan content and malt β-glucanase activity, respectively, andmalt β-glucanase activity was significantly positively correlated with grain β-glucanase activity. 相似文献
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As a major abiotic stress, drought causes instability and deterioration of malt barley quality. There is distinct difference among barley cultivars in the responses of the main malt quality traits to drought stress. In the previous study, we identified some Tibetan wild barley accessions with relatively less change of malt quality traits under drought. In this study, we examined the impact of drought stress during grain filling stage on grain weight and several important malt quality traits, including total protein content, β-glucan content, limit dextrinase activity, β-amylase activity, and protein fractions in four barley genotypes(two Tibetan wild accessions and two cultivars). Drought treatment reduced grain weight, β-glucan content, and increased total protein content, β-amylase activity. These changes differed among barley genotypes and treatments, and are closely associated with grain filling process and kernel weight. All the results indicated Tibetan wild barley had great potential for developing drought tolerant barley cultivars. Relatively stable kernel weight or filling process under water stress should be highlighted in malt barley breeding in order to reduce the effect of water stress on malt barley quality. 相似文献
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氮钾配施对大麦产量和品质的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用随机区组设计,以垦啤麦9号为试验材料,研究氮、钾配施对大麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明,氮、钾配施对大麦产量和品质有明显的影响。适宜的氮、钾用量配比可提高大麦的株高、穗长、穗粒重和千粒重。大麦籽粒产量、蛋白质含量、淀粉含量及糖化力均表现出随氮、钾用量的增加而增加的趋势。适宜的氮、钾用量及配比可以达到提高大麦产量和改善品质的双重目的。 相似文献
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研究了浙江省八个大麦主栽品种(秀麦3号、秀92-47、92-11、浙农大3号、浙农大6号、浙农大7号、浙原18、浙皮4号)在六个不同生态地区(杭州、余姚、嘉兴、台州、衢州、丽水)的籽粒蛋白质含量和千粒重.结果表明:不同品种和地区之间,蛋白质含量和千粒重均存在着显著差异,且粒重在地区间的变异要大于蛋白质含量.大麦籽粒蛋白质含量与大于20 ℃的积温和平均日照呈显著正相关,而与平均降雨量无显著相关.根据蛋白质含量和粒重确定了最佳的啤用大麦品种. 相似文献
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小麦品种间溶剂保持力差异及其与品质性状的相关性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
[目的]研究小麦溶剂保持力与品质特征的关系。[方法]试验选用黄淮麦区近年来推广的具有较高产量的品种19个,分析了品种间4种溶剂保持力之间的差异及其与品质性状的相关性。[结果]结果表明,4种溶剂保持力品种间在0.01水平有差异,乳酸SRC与蛋白质和湿面筋呈显著正相关;碳酸钠溶剂保持力与硬度和吸水率呈极显著正相关,与峰值黏度、稀懈值和糊化温度呈极显著负相关;水溶剂保持力与吸水率呈极显著正相关,与稀懈值呈极显著负相关,与硬度呈显著相关;蔗糖溶剂保持力与蛋白质呈显著正相关,与吸水率呈极显著正相关。[结论]溶剂保持力可作为品质分析的一项指标,用于早代选择。 相似文献
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上海和韩国粳稻品种米质特性比较 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用6个上海粳稻品种和9个韩国粳稻品种进行了品质特性比较分析。结果表明,上海和韩国品种间的粒宽、长宽比、穗着粒密度、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量和碱消值均呈显著的差异,上海水稻品种比韩国水稻品种粒型较细长,穗着粒密度高,直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量和碱消值高,但食味值和淀粉谱特性则相反,韩国水稻品种的食味值和淀粉谱特性中的最高粘度值、最终粘度值和下降粘度值显著高于上海水稻品种。水稻品质特性间相关分析结果表明,食味值与直链淀粉含量,蛋白质含量和穗着粒密度呈极显著负相关,而与最高粘度值和下降粘度值呈显著的正相关。直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量与最高粘度值、最低粘度值和最终粘度值均呈极显著的负相关。由此认为,通过育种手段降低直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量,改进穗型和粒型结构,并在栽培措施上降低氮肥施用量是提高上海水稻品质的有效途径。 相似文献
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M. B. Khokonova 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2011,37(5):436-438
The work is devoted to the effect of planting depth of seeds depending on their size on productivity formation and brewing
quality of barley grain and malt. At a planting depth of 8 and 12 cm compared with the adopted depth of 4 cm, the grain protein
content increased. In this case, malt solubility on the basis of the difference in fine- and coarse-grind extract content
improves, but becomes worse with respect to coarse-grind flour extraction and malt hardness traits. 相似文献
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[目的]探讨5种元麦粉理化性质及其与面条品质间的关系,筛选出适宜元麦面条加工的元麦品种,为元麦面条生产的原料选择提供参考依据.[方法]测定黑元麦、东陈元麦、通麦6号、通麦8号和苏裸麦2号5个品种元麦粉的化学组分含量、溶解度、膨胀势、糊化特性和面条品质,并对元麦粉理化特性与元麦面条品质进行相关性分析.[结果]5种元麦粉组分的差别明显,通麦6号元麦粉的总淀粉、粗蛋白及脂肪含量均显著高于其他品种(P<0.05,下同),而其直链/支链淀粉比显著低于其他品种;东陈元麦和通麦8号元麦粉的粗纤维含量显著高于其他品种;黑元麦、东陈元麦和通麦8号元麦粉的灰分含量较高,但三者间差异不显著(P>0.05).在不同水浴温度下,东陈元麦粉的溶解度均高于其他品种;85~95℃水浴时,通麦6号元麦粉的膨胀势高于其他品种.不同品种元麦粉的糊化特性间存在明显差异,5种元麦粉的峰值黏度与最终黏度、回生值和谷底黏度均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同);最终黏度与回生值和谷底黏度呈极显著正相关,与峰值时间呈显著正相关;峰值时间与回生值和谷底黏度呈显著正相关.通麦6号元麦粉制成的面条感官评分最高,煮制损失率和断条率最低;元麦面条的感官评分与元麦粉的总淀粉含量呈显著正相关,与直链/支链淀粉比和溶解度呈显著负相关;面条的断条率与元麦粉的峰值黏度、最终黏度和回生值呈极显著负相关,与谷底黏度呈显著负相关.[结论]综合比较,通麦6号是更适宜面条加工的元麦品种. 相似文献
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鲜食糯玉米品质差异及品质评价理化指标的筛选 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
以8个鲜食糯玉米品种为试验材料,研究授粉后17～29 d不同采收期籽粒粗淀粉含量、可溶性糖含最、皮渣率、淀粉黏度性状与鲜穗蒸煮晶评分的变化及关系.结果表明:鲜穗蒸煮品评分与各品质成分在品种间、采收期间差异极显著;最佳品质期在授粉后的时期及长短在品种间存在差异;各品种在最佳品尝品质时,品尝评分分别与峰值黏度、终值黏度、崩解值、籽粒粗淀粉含量呈显著或极显著正相关,与皮渣率呈极显著负相关;籽粒淀粉黏度性状,尤其是峰值黏度对品种品尝评分有重要作用.籽粒粗淀粉含量、淀粉黏度性状和皮渣率可作为糯玉米品种品质评价的客观理化指标. 相似文献
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氮肥水平对冬大麦产量、品质和氮肥利用效率的影响及其相关分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以扬饲麦3号、港啤1号、扬农啤2号和Frankin等4个品种为试材,分析施氮水平对冬大麦产量、品质和氮肥利用效率的影响及其相关性。结果表明:随着施氮量的增加,各品种产量、单位面积有效穗数、每穗粒数、地上部含氮量及籽粒蛋白质含量增加,千粒重下降,各品种氮肥利用效率亦下降。不同氮肥处理水平下,大麦产量与千粒重呈极显著负相关,与籽粒蛋白质含量呈显著正相关,与氮肥偏生产力呈显著负相关。地上部氮积累量与氮肥生产效率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥生理效率呈极显著负相关,千粒重与籽粒蛋白质含量呈显著负相关。氮肥生产效率与氮肥生理效率呈极显著正相关,氮肥农学效率与氮肥偏生产力呈显著正相关,氮肥偏生产力与氮肥生理效率呈显著正相关。 相似文献
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CHEN Guo-yue YANG Shi-dong LI Wei-tao LI Wei WEI Yu-ming ZHENG You-liang 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2009,8(12):1440-1447
Grain texture in barley （Hordeum vulgare L.） is an important quality character. The single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in Hordoindoline a （hina） gene and its relationship with hardness index among North American harley cultivars were investigated. The hina genes in 36 cultivars were sequenced for the SNP analyses, and 17 sets of SNP primers were designed to detect the SNP variations of hina locus in 92 North American barley cultivars. SNP detection indicated that there were four haplotypes in the hina genes of 92 barley cultivars, and haplotype 01 and 02 were shared by 68 and 14 cultivars, respectively, suggesting that there was a very limited diversity in hina genes among North American barley cultivars. Despite the wide range in hardness exists in 92 barley cultivars, however, unlike wheat, where a clear relationship has been demonstrated between a number of SNPs in the wheat hardness genes and quality （soft or hard wheat）, there was no such relationship for barley. The genotypes used in this study demonstrated that there was a low level of polymorphism in hina gene in North American barley cultivars and these polymorphisms had no impact on grain hardness. 相似文献
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CHEN Jin-xin Zhang Guo-ping QIANG Xiao-lin WANG Jun-mei DING Shou-ren 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2002,1(3):291-297
β-glucan is a polysaccharide compound closely related to the quality of barley used as malting,feed and food. Low β-glucan content is expected for brewing and feed barley, while high β-glucan content is desirable for food barley. The β-glucan content of barley genotypes collected from various areas of China as well as from Canada and Australia were assayed. Meanwhile a multi-locations trial was conducted to determineβ-glucan content of 10 barley cultivars in 8 locations for two successive planting years. The results showed that barley genotypes from Tibet and Xinjiang had higher β-glucan content and the genotypes with higher than 8%of β-glucan content were detected in Tibet barleys, being valuable for use in the development of healthy food.Barley cultivars being planted now in winter-sowing areas of China had basically the same β-glucan content as those from Canada and Australia. Barley seeds produced in Hangzhou had lower β-glucan content than seeds from the original areas. There was a highly significant difference in β-glucan content among 10 barleys, 8locations and between years. On an average of two years, Xiumei 3 and Kongpei 1 had the highest and lowestβ-glucan content, respectively, and Taian and Hangzhou produced the highest and lowest β-glucan content barley seeds, respectively. Analysis of AMMI model showed that interaction effect between cultivar and environment was highly significant in both experimental years, and was dependent on cuitivar, suggesting that it is important to plant the suitable cultivars in a particular area in order to obtain barley seeds with reasonableβ-glucan content. 相似文献
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弱光对小麦籽粒及面粉加工品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]研究弱光条件下,小麦籽粒及面粉加工品质的变化。[方法]以耐阴品种扬麦158和不耐阴品种扬麦11 2个小麦品种为材料,设不遮光（S0）、从拔节至成熟期遮去小麦冠层自然光强的22%（S1）和遮去小麦冠层自然光强的33%（S2）3个处理,测定小麦籽粒淀粉及其组分含量、蛋白质及其组分含量、降落值、湿面筋含量、沉淀值以及淀粉糊化特性和粉质参数。[结果]小麦支链淀粉含量在遮阴条件下显著降低,而直链淀粉含量变化不明显,小麦籽粒总淀粉含量和支/直显著下降;遮阴降低了2个品种的峰值黏度和扬麦11的低谷黏度,提高了2个品种的降落值和扬麦11的糊化温度,但对耐阴品种扬麦158的低谷黏度和糊化温度无显著影响;在长期弱光条件下,小麦籽粒蛋白质含量提高,醇溶蛋白、麦谷蛋白、麦谷蛋白大聚合体和高分子量谷蛋白亚基含量显著增加,引起湿面筋含量、沉淀值、面团形成时间和稳定时间的提高,面团弱化度的降低。[结论]拔节到成熟期的弱光处理对小麦蒸煮品质不利,却提高了小麦的烘焙品质。该研究为林麦间作系统以及长江中下游地区的小麦生产提供了重要的理论依据。 相似文献
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2005—2015年西北春谷中晚熟区谷子育成品种评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】对11年来西北春谷中晚熟区育成的谷子品种产量、农艺性状、抗逆性及品质性状综合分析,为西北春谷中晚熟区谷子新品种选育、推广及资源利用提供理论参考。【方法】基于2005—2015年国家谷子品种区域试验西北春谷中晚熟区数据,对参试品种及通过鉴定品种的产量、主要农艺性状进行比较与分析。并对通过鉴定的30个品种抗逆性、品质进行分析。【结果】2005—2015年参试品种及通过鉴定品种的产量有逐年增加的趋势。参试品种和通过鉴定品种的农艺性状在年度间存在一定的变异,参试品种的株高、单穗重、穗粒重、出谷率有逐年增加的趋势,生育期有缩短的趋势;通过鉴定的30个品种和对照相比,生育期、株高有降低趋势,株高变幅为105—165 cm;穗长在17—27 cm,70%的品种分布在19—23 cm;单穗重变幅为15—25 g,80%品种为18—22 g;穗粒重为12—20 g;出谷率分布在74%—84%,80%的品种在75%—80%;千粒重变异范围较大,分布在2.5—3.4 g,有9个品种的千粒重超过对照,公顷穗数分布在33万—43万。对通过鉴定品种农艺性状与产量的相关分析表明,产量与单穗重、穗粒重和公顷穗数呈显著正相关,与生育期呈负相关。鉴定品种总体抗性有提高的趋势,其中抗倒性明显优于对照,红叶病和白发病为主要病害,谷锈病、谷瘟病、纹枯病、蛀茎率也有不同程度地发生。穗松紧度多为中等偏紧类型,熟相中等偏好为主。品质上,通过鉴定品种的米色全为黄色,优质米的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量及胶稠度偏低,赖氨酸含量相对较高。鉴定品种中包括了糯质、高蛋白、高脂肪及粮草兼用、抗除草剂、优质米等多种类型,丰富了品种类型。【结论】西北春谷晚熟区谷子品种的选育取得了一定的进步,所育品种在数量、多样性、产量、品质等方面有了一定的提高,但没有取得大的突破。在育种方法上比较单一,多采取简单杂交、系选的方法,应根据育种目标要求,开展材料创新,融合回交、复交、理化诱变等多种方法,并结合分子育种新技术,提高育种水平。在育种目标上,重点培育品质优良、矮秆抗倒、生育期略短、适合机械化收获的品种,培育多种类型的抗除草剂品种,满足谷子规模化生产的需求。 相似文献
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Global change is bringing barley with more frequency of suffering from high temperature. However, little has been known about the influence of high temperature on malt quality traits. In this study, we investigated the impact of 1-wk heat stress (32°C/26°C, day/night, 12 h/12 h) initiating from the 7th (HT7) and 14th (HT14) days after heading on some grain and malt quality traits of two barley cultivars. In comparison with normal temperature (24°C/18°C, day/night, 12 h/12 h), heat stress significantly reduced kernel weight, seed setting rate and grains per spike: HT7 having a larger effect than HT14. Meanwhile, total protein and β-glucan contents, and β-amylase and limit dextrinase activities were significantly increased under high temperature, with HT7-treated plants showing larger changes. Moreover, the different changes of four protein fractions under heat stress were found in the two barley cultivars, indicating the possibility of breaking positive association between protein content and enzyme activity. 相似文献
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有色大麦种子种皮颜色与种子活力相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究有色大麦种质物理指标与种子活力的关系,采用发芽试验和计算机图像识别相结合的方法,通过测定44份有色大麦种子萌发期生理指标和种子物理指标,用相关性分析、主成分分析和逐步回归分析方法,研究有色大麦种子物理指标与种子活力之间的关系。结果表明:种子粒长、粒宽、粒厚和千粒重这些物理指标与有色大麦种子活力关系不明显,种皮颜色Y值(黄色)与有色大麦种子活力呈正相关关系,其余各颜色指标均与有色大麦种子活力呈负相关关系;逐步回归分析表明,种皮颜色对有色大麦种子活力的影响大于种子粒长、粒宽和粒厚,影响有色大麦种子活力的主要颜色指标是H(色相)值和a(从洋红色至绿色的范围)值,且成负相关;此外,IOD(光密度)值与粒长和粒宽达极显著正相关关系。 相似文献