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通过对移栽卫矛苗木浇施复合肥后生长期叶片内保护酶活性变化情况的研究,判断最有利于移栽苗生长的施肥量,为实际生产提供理论支持。以3年生卫矛苗木为试材,浇施NPK比例为6：12：18的复合肥,每株施肥量为F1 8.33 g,F2 28.33 g,F3 48.33 g,F4 68.33 g,F5 88.33 g,1个对照,3次重复。肥料平均分4个月浇入土壤,每个小区25株,随机排列。于4~8月份的每月第10天取样,测定保护酶活性。试验结果表明,SOD呈现出先升高后降低的单峰曲线变化规律,经F3、F4、F5处理后的苗木SOD比对照和F1、F2处理后的苗木SOD提前1个月达到最高值;POD活性除对照一直升高外,经施肥处理后的苗木,其POD均在6月份达到最高值后下降;对照PPO的活性在6~7月份达到最低值,而施肥后的PPO活性始终处于升高趋势,与对照变化明显不同,且7~8月的PPO活性极显著高于对照。综合比较来看,F3处理的施肥量最佳。 相似文献
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不同基因型水稻苗期对1，2，4-三氯苯胁迫的生理响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用沙培试验,研究了6种浓度(0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8 mmol kg-1沙)的1,2,4-三氯苯(TCB)对两水稻品种香粳20-18(耐性基因型)和泗阳1382(敏感基因型)种子发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗生物量以及叶片和根系的蛋白质含量、丙二醛含量(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性等生理指标的影响。结果表明,TCB胁迫下,水稻种子发芽率和发芽指数变化不明显,幼苗的生物量显著下降,香粳20-18下降幅度比泗阳1382小;随TCB胁迫程度的增强,香粳20-18叶片和根系可溶性蛋白质含量呈增加的趋势,泗阳1382叶片蛋白质含量显著下降,高浓度TCB胁迫下其根系蛋白质含量显著下降;两个基因型叶片的O2?产生速率先降后升,香粳20-18根系的O2?产生速率先降后升,高浓度TCB胁迫下显著高于对照,而泗阳1382与对照差异不显著;香粳20-18叶片SOD活性随TCB胁迫程度的增强呈上升趋势,低浓度TCB胁迫下就开始显著高于对照,根系SOD活性显著增强,而泗阳1382叶片和根系SOD活性与对照差异不显著;香粳20-18叶片POD活性先升后降,根系POD活性显著高于对照,而泗阳1382叶片和根系POD活性均显著下降;香粳20-18叶片CAT活性高于或显著高于对照,泗阳1382低于或显著低于对照;两个基因型叶片的MDA含量先降后升,高浓度TCB胁迫下MDA含量显著高于对照,根系MDA含量均随TCB胁迫程度的增强而显著增加。总之,生物量降低幅度小、叶片和根系的蛋白质含量高、抗氧化酶系统清除活性氧的能力强、MDA含量低是耐性基因型的主要生理特征。 相似文献
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为探寻油菜硫苷特性与生理特性的关系,对967H、967L以及正交F1和反交F1植株的MDA(丙二醛)含量、SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)、POD(过氧化物酶)和CAT(过氧化氢酶)活性生理指标进行分析。结果表明,在整个生育期间,不同硫苷特性的油菜品系MDA含量、质膜相对透性一直保持增加,而SOD、POD和CAT活性变化规律都是先升高后降低。高硫苷材料开花期和成熟期的质膜相对透性,以及后3个生育期的MDA含量极显著低于低硫苷材料;高硫苷材料整个生育期的SOD活性,后3个生育期的POD活性,以及抽薹期和开花期的CAT活性极显著高于低硫苷材料;高硫苷材料苗期的POD活性,以及苗期和成熟期的CAT活性显著高于低硫苷材料。油菜硫苷含量与质膜相对透性、MDA含量呈显著负相关,与POD、CAT活性呈显著正相关。 相似文献
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施钾方式对棉花叶片抗氧化酶活性、产量及钾肥利用效率的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在大田试验条件下, 以鲁棉研28为试验材料, 研究不施钾肥(CK)、一次性基施硫酸钾(T1)、分次(1/2基施, 1/2于花铃期追施)施用硫酸钾(T2)、一次性基施控释复合肥(T3) 4个处理的棉花叶片保护酶活性、产量及钾肥利用效率变化。结果表明, 与不施钾处理相比, 施钾可显著增加叶片叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量, 降低MDA含量, 提高SOD、CAT活性(叶龄30、45、60 d), 降低POD活性(叶龄30、45 d), 提高籽棉产量和皮棉产量;与一次性基施硫酸钾和控释复合肥相比, 分次(1/2基施、1/2花铃期追施)施用硫酸钾可显著提高叶片可溶性蛋白含量(叶龄30、45、60 d)和SOD (叶龄15、30、45 d)、CAT(叶龄15、30 d)活性, 降低MDA含量(叶龄30、45、60 d)和POD活性(叶龄30 d), 提高籽棉产量、皮棉产量和钾肥生产效率。本试验条件下, 分次(1/2基施、1/2花铃期追施)施用硫酸钾是兼顾高产高效的施肥方式。 相似文献
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离子注入对小麦三叶期3种保护酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以鉴54、豫农118及豫麦18号为材料,研究了不同剂量率、剂量离子注入对小麦三叶期过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响.结果发现:离子注入后小麦三叶期的幼苗叶片中CAT和POD的酶活性一直高于对照,而SOD在低剂量条件下酶活高于对照,在剂量大于5.6×1017 N /cm2时酶活性低于对照.随着剂量的增加,酶活性变化趋势为先升后降,且有一定的波动性.不同剂量率间酶活有一定差异,品种间有辐射敏感性差异. 相似文献
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以辣椒雄性不育系1442A（灯笼型）和13733A（羊角型）及其保持系和恢复系为试材，对花蕾中SOD、POD和CAT 3种同工酶活性的变化趋势进行了研究。结果表明，随着花蕾发育，不育系1442A、13733A，保持系1442B、13733B，和恢复系1442C、13733C 的SOD活性变化趋势分别一致，POD、CAT亦同。保持系和恢复系花蕾中SOD活性均高于相应的不育系；不育系花蕾中SOD活性先下降后上升，在2级花蕾时期最低；保持系花蕾中SOD活性先上升后下降，在2级花蕾时期最高；恢复系花蕾中SOD活性变 相似文献
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1.大豆果实发育过程中种子和荚皮地过氧化物酶（Peroxidase-POD,不同)和超氧化物岐化酶（Superoxide Dismutase-SOD，不同)活性均有变化。结瘤大豆的两种酶活性高于非结瘤大豆，这种差异在POD活性上表现尤为显著。
2.SOD和POD均高于发育早期就基本合成齐全，而POD同工酶随发育逐渐增多。
3.种子SOD和POD均高于荚皮中的活性 相似文献
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镉、铅对板蓝根种子发芽及抗氧化系统的影响 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
研究了板蓝根种子在镉、铅污染下的发芽率及萌发时的抗氧化系统酶和蛋白质的变化。结果表明：镉浓度在5mg／L时能促进种子的发芽，而当镉浓度高于5mg／L时则显著抑制种子的发芽；铅胁迫下，随铅浓度的升高，对板蓝根种子发芽抑制作用加剧。但任何水平的镉、铅都对根伸长产生抑制作用。不同程度的重金属镉、铅胁迫下对种子发芽时POD、CAT、SOD活性均有显著影响，其中CAT、SOD酶活性都比对照低，只有过氧化物酶POD在Cd^2＋的浓度为10mg／L时，铅的浓度为200mg／L时POD活性比对照略高。当Cd^2＋的浓度为50mg／L、Pb^2＋d浓度为500mg／L时3种酶的活性都明显低于对照。镉、铅处理的种子，萌发时蛋白质含量的变化规律不同。 相似文献
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Summary The relationships between the F2, F3, F4 and F5 generations for grain yield were determined using random, pedigreed lines derived from each generation. The lines from two crosses were grown in plots at two sites over two years. In the first year, only F2 and F3 derived lines were available, but in the second year the F2 to F5 were grown.Correlations between lines in one generation and the mean of lines derived from them in a following generation increased as the generations were advanced. Correlations between consecutive generations were higher than those between generations two or three apart. Correlations between F2 and F5 derived lines, which indicate the effectiveness of selecting F2 lines, varied from 0.10 ns to o.49** when lines from both generations were grown in the same environment. Correlations between years of lines from the same or different generations were low and often non-significant.Harvest index was measured on the F2 and F3 derived lines at the one site in the first year. Selection for improvement of grain yield using harvest index was no more effective than selection for yield directly, when considered across years.It is conclued that, while gains in yield can be achieved by selecting for yield in early generations, a foremost consideration needs to be the influence of different sites and years on the effectiveness of selection. 相似文献
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Summary Yield and yield components of F1 hybrids were studied in three experiments at 30×30 cm spacings and in one experiment at 15×15 cm spacings. In the 30×30 cm experiments, 10 of the 41 hybrids tested significantly outyielded their high parents. However, only 2 hybrids significantly outyielded the best cultivar: one hybrid yielded 23 % and the other 16 % more than their respective check cultivars. The four hybrids in the 15×15 cm experiment yielded only 59 to 92% as much as their high parents.In areas where rice is transplanted at relatively wide spacings, the observed levels of F1 heterosis in selected hybrids may be sufficient to warrant production of hybrid rice, if enough hybrid seed can be produced. For direct-seeding at the high rates normal in the USA, the relatively small levels of heterosis and the difficulties of hybrid seed production preclude use of F1 hybrid rice cultivars at present.None of 19 bulk F2 and F3 hybrids in two experiments yielded significantly more than its high parent. Similarly, none of the 12 mixtures included in one experiment yielded significantly more than its high parent. On the basis of yield alone, using bulk F2 or F3 or simple mixture populations is not merited.Contribution from the Western Region, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616. 相似文献
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1简介
在层出不穷的花卉天地间,地处南美洲的阿根廷涌现出一种被形容为"酒吧歌女"的新花-矮牵牛.由于芳容与野外的牵牛花十分相似,因而被国外专家称为矮牵牛.矮牵牛又名碧冬茄,为茄科碧冬茄属植物.矮牵牛自1835年由威廉·赫伯特(William Herbert)育成以后,1849年又出现重瓣矮牵牛品种.1876年通过自然突变育成了四倍体大花矮牵牛系列.1879年很快又推出矮生小花品种.1930年育成杂种1代的矮牵牛品种.近年来已育出抗热、抗雨和抗病品种.同时,它也是我国首批的四大转基因植物之一. 相似文献
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转基因抗虫杂交棉杂种后代及其亲本纤维品质比较研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
2000-2004年,以转基因抗虫棉农杂62、H16、H64的F1、F2、F3及其亲本为材料,检测了主要纤维品质指标.结果表明,杂种后代的纤维长度、整齐度和亲本之间无显著差异,杂种后代纤维平均伸长率与高值亲本差异显著.但在比强度和麦克隆值方面,表现出显著的杂种优势,F1杂种优势显著地高于亲本及F2和F3.纤维比强度的中亲优势农杂62 F1平均为11.84%;农杂62F1和H16F1的高亲优势分别为9.46%、14.34%.F1、F2、F3纤维长度、整齐度、麦克隆值、伸长率等品质指标群体平均数之间虽然差异很小,但F1、F2、F3群体纤维品质性状均有相似的变异个体分布.F1群体纤维品质优于F2、F3,F2群体纤维品质略优于F3. 相似文献
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Summary Aspects of selection for yield and harvest index were investigated by simulating selection using data from random pedigreed F2, F3, F4 and F5 derived lines from two crosses grown in plots at two sites over two years.Improvement in yield through selection was obtained when the response was measured at the same site and in the same year as the selection. Selecting the best 10 per cent of F2 to F4 derived lines gave F5 derived lines that outyielded random selections by 19 to 53 per cent for one cross and 5 to 23 per cent for the second cross. These lines were 41 to 50 per cent better than the mid-parent in one cross, but were less than the mid-parent in the other cross.However, the response to selection when measured in a different year was little better than random selection. The effect of different sites also reduced the effectiveness of selection.Selection of harvest index in early generations for improvement of yield was ineffective when response was measured at the same site in the same year, or in different years.Contrary to some theoretical proposals, the same improvement in yield was obtained by selecting in early or late generations. While high yielding genotypes may be lost by delaying selection, this is counteracted by the better predictive value of late generations due to their greater homozygosity and homogeneity. 相似文献
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Summary The doubled haploid (DH) system and the single seed descent (SSD) technique are frequently applied in breeding of self-pollinated crops to rapidly obtain homozygous lines from heterozygous hybrids. This study presents a comparison of populations of barley DH and SSD lines in terms of traits of stem structure. The SSD and DH lines derived from F1 and F2 hybrids Roland x Apex were examined in a field experiment. On the basis of a comparison of means, variances and correlations between traits in the F1DH, F2DH and SSD populations the occurrence/absence of linkage between genes responsible for the analysed traits was inferred. Independent inheritance was found for 1000-grain weight and the length of particular internodes, spike length and stem wall thickness. Moreover, no linkage was found for stem wall thickness and spike length, length of internodes I, II and thickness of stem walls, stem diameter and thickness of stem walls. The results obtained for the other pairs of traits indicate the presence of linkage. 相似文献
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A cross was made between B. oleraceae var. acephala and R. sativus. The use of a piece of cotton soaked with the growth regulator, N-m-tolyphthalamic acid at 100 ppm and attached to the pedicel at the time of pollination resulted in set of several pods with one viable seed. The hybrid kale x radish appeared vegetatively intermediate between the parents except for the flower color which resembled the radish. The F1 plant propagated asexually and maintained under screen isolation cages with pollinating insects for a period of four years yielded only one viable F2 seed. The single F2 plant obtained, an allotetraploid, failed to yield any fertile seeds through selfing. Backcrossing of this F2 plant to the radish has yielded two seeds.Department of Horticulture, Michigan State UniversityWith 7 figuresJournal article No. 2923. From the Michigan Agricultural Expreriment Station. 相似文献
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紫扇贝与海湾扇贝杂交后代生长发育的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为进一步研究杂交扇贝的杂种优势。以紫扇贝、海湾扇贝及其杂交子一代为亲本,建立了紫扇贝自交(ZZ)、海湾扇贝自交(HH)、紫扇贝（卵）×海湾扇贝（精）(ZH)、海湾扇贝（卵）×紫扇贝（精）(HZ)和杂交扇贝F1代自交(F2)等5个实验群体,并比较各组受精率、孵化率、幼虫期存活率和收获时的壳高、体重及柱重等。实验结果表明：F2、ZH和HZ的受精率和孵化率均显著高于ZZ和HH,但F2的初始D形幼虫规格显著小于ZH和HZ。在幼虫期,F2和杂交一代ZH和HZ生长率和存活率显著高于自交组HH和ZZ。养成期F2的壳高和体重增长的速度慢于杂交子一代,但均显著高于自交组HH和ZZ,F2、ZH和HZ的出柱率均显著高于HH,表现出明显的杂种优势。 相似文献