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1.
文章旨在研究日粮中添加中草药添加剂对奶牛干物质采食量和瘤胃发酵的影响。试验选择体况、产奶量、泌乳天数和胎次相近的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛20头,随机分为对照组和中草药添加剂组,每组10头奶牛。对照组饲喂基础日粮,中草药添加剂组在基础日粮的基础上每头奶牛补充200 g/d的中草药添加剂,试验共60 d,其中预试期10 d,正式期为50 d。试验结果表明,中草药添加剂组奶牛的干物质采食量比对照组奶牛高19.93%(P0.05)。中草药添加剂显著改善了瘤胃内环境,中草药添加剂组奶牛瘤胃液pH比对照组奶牛高2.19%,瘤胃液NH3-N浓度比对照组奶牛低8.42%,瘤胃液微生物蛋白浓度比对照组高13.59%。因此,本试验条件下,中草药添加剂可以提高奶牛干物质采食量,改善瘤胃内环境,有利于维持瘤胃内环境的稳定,提高瘤胃微生物菌群数量,降低NH3-N浓度,提高瘤胃微生物蛋白含量,提高蛋白质的利用率。  相似文献   

2.
日粮中添加茶皂素和豆油对羔羊瘤胃细菌区系的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
研究茶皂素和豆油对羔羊瘤胃细菌区系的影响。选16只健康断奶湖羊,随机分入对照、茶皂素(TS)、豆油(SO)、茶皂素和豆油混合添加组(TS-SO)。饲喂60 d后屠宰取瘤胃液,进行变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析。结果表明:日粮中添加TS和SO对瘤胃细菌区系有一定的影响,TS-SO组细菌多样性增加,但各组间DGGE条带数差异不显著(P0.05)。切胶、测序分析图谱中4个特异条带分属于苍白杆菌、不动菌、葡萄球菌和甲基杆菌属,相似性均达99%以上。表明日粮中添加茶皂素和豆油可以一定程度改变羔羊瘤胃细菌区系,但对细菌多样性影响不显著。  相似文献   

3.
本试验采用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究热应激对不同泌乳阶段奶牛瘤胃液微生物数量的影响。采用2×3交叉试验设计,根据胎次、平均泌乳天数和产奶量相近的原则,选择18头经产中国荷斯坦奶牛,分为泌乳前期(产后15～100 d)组、泌乳中期(产后112～175 d)组、泌乳后期(产后200～230 d)组,每组6个重复,根据实测的牛场温湿指数(THI)变化,采用热应激与非热应激的自身对照试验。结果表明:与非热应激期相比,热应激极显著提高了泌乳前期组奶牛瘤胃液各类微生物数量(P<0.01),极显著提高了泌乳后期组奶牛瘤胃液黄化瘤胃球菌数量和泌乳中期组的产琥珀酸拟杆菌数量(P<0.01),极显著降低了泌乳中、后期组的总细菌数量、白色瘤胃球菌数量和泌乳后期组的产琥珀酸拟杆菌数量(P<0.01)。整个热应激期THI与泌乳前期组奶牛瘤胃液总细菌数量(P<0.01)、厌氧真菌数量(P<0.05)、白色瘤胃球菌数量(P<0.01)和黄化瘤胃球菌数量(P<0.05)有较强的相关性,而THI与泌乳中、后期组奶牛的这些指标相关性较差。综上所述:1)泌乳前期组奶牛热应激期的瘤胃液各类微生物数量均极显著高于非热应激期,但对泌乳中、后期组的各类微生物数量影响无规律性。2)泌乳前期组奶牛瘤胃液微生物数量对热应激的反应更敏感。  相似文献   

4.
试验通过16S rDNA高通量测序技术研究果寡糖对奶牛瘤胃菌群结构及多样性的影响。采用2×2交叉设计,选用4头泌乳阶段相近、胎次相同的中国荷斯坦泌乳奶牛为试验动物,随机分为2组(试验组和对照组),对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加果寡糖60g/(d·头),每期21d,预饲期14d,正试期7d,交叉试验过渡期14d。分别于饲喂前(0h)和饲喂后2、4、6、9、12h通过口腔导管采集瘤胃液,每期连续采集3d(第16、17、18天),利用16S rDNA高通量测序技术测定瘤胃液中菌群结构及其多样性。结果显示,从Alpha多样性指数(Simpson、Shannon)、丰富度指数(Chao、Ace)及Beta diversity热图可知,果寡糖具有降低奶牛瘤胃中细菌多样性的趋势。从门水平上分析,试验组及对照组中奶牛瘤胃中拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和变形细菌门占总细菌的95%以上,果寡糖显著降低了奶牛瘤胃未注释细菌门的丰度(P0.05),互养菌门丰度有增加的趋势(P=0.075)。从属水平上分析,果寡糖显著提高了奶牛瘤胃假单胞菌属丰度(P0.05),极显著提高了拟杆菌属丰度(P0.01),而脱盐杆菌属丰度显著降低(P0.05)。与对照组相比,添加果寡糖的试验组奶牛瘤胃中瘤胃球菌属、丁酸弧菌属、琥珀酸菌属、未注释毛螺菌属丰度分别增加80.0%、7.5%、127.9%和20.0%,但差异均不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,本试验条件下,果寡糖的添加对奶牛瘤胃细菌菌群多样性及结构存在一定的影响,果寡糖显著提高了奶牛瘤胃中不发酵糖类的假单胞菌属的丰度,使碳水化合物为发酵源的瘤胃拟杆菌丰度极显著增加,对瘤胃纤维降解菌丰度的增加具有促进作用。  相似文献   

5.
为了研究日粮中长期添加假蒟提取物对山羊瘤胃主要微生物的影响,该试验选用40只体重相近的海南黑山羊(9.90±1.13 kg),随机分为4个日粮处理组,分别在精料补充料中添加0、300、600和1 200 mg/kg假蒟提取物,正试期56 d,分别于正试期第14、28、42和56天晨饲前用口腔采样器采集瘤胃液,用实时定量PCR法测定瘤胃原虫、真菌和细菌含量。结果表明,日粮中添加300 mg/kg假蒟提取物显著提高了海南黑山羊的平均日增重,并降低了料重比(P0. 05);日粮添加假蒟提取物显著降低了山羊瘤胃液原虫、真菌、黄色瘤胃球菌、白色瘤胃球菌、甲烷菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌含量(P0.05),而对产琥铂酸丝状杆菌含量无显著影响(P0.05)。试验结果表明,日粮中添加300 mg/kg假蒟提取物可提高山羊生长性能,添加假蒟提取物可显著降低山羊瘤胃主要微生物数量。  相似文献   

6.
《饲料工业》2017,(17):56-60
试验旨在研究甘露寡糖(mannan-oligosaccharides MOS)对泌乳早期奶牛瘤胃发酵及生产性能的影响。选择4头泌乳天数为20 d,日产奶量30 kg左右,体重550 kg左右的经产(二胎)中国荷斯坦泌乳奶牛,随机分为两组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂在基础日粮中添加60 g的试验日粮,采用2×2交叉试验设计,每期21 d。结果表明:添加甘露寡糖可以显著提高奶牛瘤胃中总的挥发酸和氨态氮的含量(P<0.05),其中瘤胃液中乙酸含量有极显著差异(P<0.01),丙酸、丁酸的含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。对奶样进行分析,添加甘露寡糖可以显著提高乳脂率(P<0.05),并且明显降低乳中体细胞数(P<0.05),产奶量、乳蛋白和乳中尿素氮浓度均无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验表明,在日粮中添加甘露寡糖有助于提高奶牛瘤胃乙酸发酵比例,提高奶牛乳脂率。  相似文献   

7.
本试验旨在研究功能性寡糖(甘露寡糖、果寡糖和大豆寡糖)组合对锦江黄牛的瘤胃液细菌多样性的影响.选择3头健康且体重相近的安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的锦江黄牛,采用自身对照方法,试验分2期进行,第1期:对照期,饲喂基础饲粮,不添加任何寡糖;第2期:添加期,饲喂基础饲粮+功能性寡糖(0.8％甘露寡糖+1.0％果寡糖+0.8％大豆寡糖),每期持续14 d.利用PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)方法研究分析牛瘤胃液细菌多样性.结果表明:添加功能性寡糖组合后,牛瘤胃液细菌PCR-DGGE图谱条带数明显增加,3头牛增加了5个共同条带.经测序,其中2个是产琥珀酸丝状杆菌属,3个是未鉴定细菌.饲粮中添加功能性寡糖组合可使瘤胃液细菌菌群种类明显增加.结果提示,饲粮添加功能性寡糖组合能够影响瘤胃菌群区系,增强其稳定性.  相似文献   

8.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同剂量的复合酶制剂对泌乳奶牛瘤胃发酵、营养物质表观消化率、血清指标及生产性能的影响。选择体重、胎次[(2.30±0.06)胎]、产奶量[(37.00±0.03)kg/d]、泌乳天数[(90±0.15)d]相近的9头泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成3组,每组3头。采用3×3拉丁方设计,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组Ⅰ和试验组Ⅱ分别在基础饲粮基础上添加10和20 g/(头·d)的复合酶制剂,进行3期动物试验。每期21 d,其中14 d为预试期,7 d为采样期。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加10 g/(头·d)的复合酶制剂显著提高奶牛瘤胃液中丁酸的浓度(P0.05),而对总挥发性脂肪酸和其他挥发性脂肪酸的浓度无显著影响(P0.05);2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加10 g/(头·d)的复合酶制剂显著提高奶牛对干物质、粗蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率(P0.05),对酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率也有一定的提高作用(P=0.06);3)饲粮中添加10和20 g/(头·d)的复合酶制剂显著提高了奶牛的产奶量(P0.05),且10 g/(头·d)组的4%校正乳(4%FCM)产量、乳脂产量和乳糖产量分别较对照组提高4.85(P0.05)、0.49(P0.05)和0.32 kg/d(P0.05);4)复合酶制剂的添加未对奶牛血清指标产生显著影响(P0.05)。综上,饲粮中添加10 g/(头·d)复合酶制剂能够显著提高泌乳奶牛的产奶量、乳脂产量和瘤胃液丁酸浓度,且饲喂效果优于添加量为20 g/(头·d)时。综合考虑,泌乳奶牛饲粮中复合酶制剂的推荐添加量为10 g/(头·d)。  相似文献   

9.
本试验旨在研究饲粮添加烟酸对水牛瘤胃发酵指标及微生物区系的影响。试验选用36头健康状况良好,体重接近的杂交泌乳水牛,随机分为4个组,分别在基础饲粮中添加0(对照)、4、8、12 g/d烟酸,烟酸与精料混合饲喂,进行预试期14 d,正试期42 d的饲养试验。试验结束后,胃管采集瘤胃液测定瘤胃发酵指标,并采用Illumina Miseq PE250高通量测序平台分别测序瘤胃细菌和甲烷菌16S rRNA基因以确定二者区系组成。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加12 g/d烟酸提高了水牛日均采食量(P0.05)和瘤胃液氨态氮浓度(P0.05),烟酸各组均显著降低了瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪(TVFA)浓度(P0.05),但未显著影响瘤胃液p H(P0.05)。2)水牛瘤胃内细菌在门水平上主要以拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门为主,科水平上为普雷沃氏菌科和黄杆菌科;甲烷菌以甲烷短杆菌属为主,占90%以上,其次为甲烷球菌属和热原体属,水牛瘤胃微生物区系总体上与奶牛等其他利用植物纤维的反刍动物相似。3)与对照组相比,饲粮添加烟酸显著降低了瘤胃内厚壁菌门的比例(P0.05),显著提高了黄杆菌科细菌的比例(P0.05),但对瘤胃甲烷菌区系无显著影响(P0.05)。饲粮添加烟酸改变了水牛瘤胃发酵指标和微生物区系组成,瘤胃发酵指标的变化除了与烟酸对水牛热应激的缓解和消化吸收的影响有关,还与烟酸添加对瘤胃细菌区系的影响有关。  相似文献   

10.
本研究旨在研究茶皂素对奶牛瘤胃原虫区系的影响。选取12头健康荷斯坦奶牛[体重(550±30)kg,产奶量35 kg/(头·d),胎次2~4],随机分为4组,每组3头,均饲喂基础饲粮,分别于晨饲前灌服0(对照)、20、30、40 g/(头·d)的茶皂素。试验期49 d,其中预试期14 d,正试期35 d,正试期内每7 d于晨饲前1 h用口腔采样器采集瘤胃液。采用聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳(DGGE)结合18S r DNA序列分析技术研究瘤胃原虫区系的变化。结果表明:1)添加茶皂素可以选择性地抑制瘤胃中原虫的生长。2)与对照组相比,30、40 g/(头·d)茶皂素组的丰富度指数和香农多样性指数都显著降低(P0.05),优势度指数显著增加(P0.05),但是均一性指数无显著变化(P0.05);茶皂素显著减少了瘤胃中前庭亚纲内毛目的原虫数量。综上所述,饲粮中添加30、40 g/(头·d)茶皂素均可抑制奶牛瘤胃原虫的生长,并且降低瘤胃原虫的多样性。  相似文献   

11.
Four, rumen fistulated swamp buffalo bulls were used to study microbial populations in the rumen when supplemented with coconut oil and mangosteen peel. Animals were randomly assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Four treatments were un‐supplemented (Control), supplementation with coconut oil at 50 g/kg (CO5), supplementation with mangosteen peel at 30 g/kg (MP3) and supplementation with CO5 and MP3 (COM), of total DM intake. Animals received concentrate at 10 g/kg of BW, and rice straw was given ad libitum. Abundance of total bacteria was increased by CO5 supplementation, whereas populations of protozoa and Fibrobacter succinogenes were reduced by CO5 and COM supplementation. Dietary supplementation did not affect methanogen, Ruminococcus flavefaciens or Ruminococcus albus abundances. Dietary treatments changed denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) band patterns of methanogens and protozoa when compared with the control group, especially when supplemented with MP3. Supplementation of COM resulted in the greatest difference in pattern of DGGE bands for total bacteria compared with the control. Coconut oil and mangosteen peel supplementation resulted in changing of rumen microbial abundances and communities; however, combination of them could be more benefit to improve rumen fermentation of swamp buffalo fed on rice straw.  相似文献   

12.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tannins and saponins in Samanea saman on rumen fermentation, milk yield and milk composition in lactating dairy cows. Four multiparous early‐lactating dairy cows (Holstein‐Friesian cross‐bred, 75%) with an initial body weight (BW) of 405 ± 40 kg and 36 ± 8 day in milk were randomly assigned to receive dietary treatments according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The four dietary treatments were unsupplemented (control), supplemented with rain tree pod (S. saman) meal (RPM) at 60 g/kg, supplemented with palm oil (PO) at 20 g/kg, and supplemented with RPM at 60 g/kg and PO at 20 g/kg (RPO), of total dry matter (DM) intake. Cows were fed with concentrate diets at a ratio of concentrate to milk yield of 1:2, and chopped 30 g/kg of urea‐treated rice straw was fed ad libitum. The RPM contained condensed tannins and crude saponins at 88 and 141 g/kg of DM respectively. It was found that s upplementation with RPM and/or PO to dairy cows diets did not show negative effect on ruminal pH, blood urea nitrogen and milk urea nitrogen concentration (p > 0.05). However, supplementation with RPM resulted in lower ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N) concentration (p < 0.05). In addition, propionic acid and milk production increased while acetic acid, acetic to propionic ratio, methane production, methanogens and protozoal population decreased with RPM and/or PO supplementation. Furthermore, addition of PO and RPO in the diets increased milk fat while supplementation of RPM resulted in greater milk protein and Fibrobacter succinogenes numbers (p < 0.05). The population of Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Ruminococcus albus were not affected by any treatments. The findings on the present study showed that supplementation with RPM and RPO to diets of cows improved the rumen environment and increased milk yield, content of milk protein and milk fat.  相似文献   

13.
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of dietary probiotics on rumen fermentation and the bacterial community in dairy calves. Twelve Holstein calves were randomly allocated to three treatments: a basal diet, the basal diet supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum GF103 (LB) or basal diet supplemented with a mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum GF103 and Bacillus subtilis B27 (LBS). A milk replacer was fed to calves from 8 days of age. A starter and alfalfa hay was offered ad libitum from 21 and 28 days of age, respectively, and the orts were weighted daily. The ruminal fluid was sampled at 56 and 83 days of age to determine the rumen fermentation characteristics. The bacterial community was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and the number of certain bacteria was quantified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The ratio of total dry matter intake to average body wieght was higher in the control (P < 0.05). The DGGE fingerprint of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was affected by the blended probiotics at 83 days of age. The number of Ruminococcus albus was lower in the LB and LBS treatment (P < 0.05). Oral administration of the probiotics affected the rumen bacterial community and the numbers of cellulolytic bacteria decreased.  相似文献   

14.
This experiment was aimed to study the effect of fructooligosaccharides on the structure and diversity of rumen bacterial community in dairy cows by 16S rDNA sequencing technology.Four lactating dairy cows with similar lactation stages and the same parity were randomly divided into two groups using two-phase cross design method.The cows in control group were fed with basal diet and that in test group were fed with the basal diet with 60 g/(d·head) fructooligosaccharides.The experiment was designed through 2×2 cross-over test with 21 d in each stage (14 d for pre-experiment and 7 d for test) and 14 d transitional period of cross test.The rumen fluid samples were collected at 0 (before feeding),2,4,6,9 and 12 h after feeding by cattle catheter.Each phase was collected continuously for 3 days,and the structure and diversity of rumen bacterial community were measured by 16S rDNA sequencing technology.The results of Alpha diversity indexes (Simpson,Shannon),richness indexes (Chao,Ace) and Beta diversity profile showed that the addition of fruitooligosaccharide decreased the bacterial diversity in the rumen of dairy cows.And the results of 16S rDNA sequencing showed that according to the analysis at phylum level,Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes and Proteobacteria accounted for more than 95% of the total bacterial population in cow rumen of two groups.The addition of fructooligosaccharides significantly decreased the abundance of Bacteria_NA (P < 0.05),and the abundance of Synergistetes showed an increasing trend (P=0.075).According to the analysis at genus level,fructooligosaccharides significantly increased the abundance of the Pseudomonas (P < 0.05),extremely significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroides (P < 0.01),while the abundance of Dehalobacterium significantly decreased (P < 0.05).Compared with the control group,the abundance of Ruminococcus,Butyrivibrio,Succiniclasticum and Lachnospiraceae_NA in test group was increased by 80.0%,7.5%,127.9% and 20.0%,respectively,but these differences were not significant (P > 0.05).Under the test conditions,the addition of fructooligosaccharides had a certain effect on the diversity and structure of rumen bacterial flora in dairy cows,which significantly increased the abundance of Pseudomonas which unfermented sugar,extremely significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroides which used carbohydrates as a source of fermentation,had an accelerating effect on the abundance of rumen fiber degrading bacteria.  相似文献   

15.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of isobutyrate supplementation on rumen microflora, enzyme activities and methane emissions in Simmental steers consuming a corn stover‐based diet. Eight ruminally cannulated Simmental steers were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. The treatments were control (without isobutyrate), low isobutyrate (LIB), moderate isobutyrate (MIB) and high isobutyrate (HIB) with 8.4, 16.8 and 25.2 g isobutyrate per steer per day respectively. Isobutyrate was hand‐mixed into the concentrate portion. Diet consisted of 60% corn stover and 40% concentrate [dry matter (DM) basis]. Dry matter intake (averaged 9 kg/day) was restricted to a maximum of 90% of ad libitum intake. Population of total bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria and anaerobic fungi were linearly increased, whereas that of protozoa and total methanogens was linearly reduced with increasing isobutyrate supplementation. Real‐time PCR quantification of population of Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Fibrobacter succinogenes was linearly increased with increasing isobutyrate supplementation. Activities of carboxymethyl cellulase, xylanase and β‐glucosidase were linearly increased, whereas that of protease was linearly reduced. Methane production was linearly decreased with increasing isobutyrate supplementation. Effective degradabilities of cellulose and hemicellulose of corn stover were linearly increased, whereas that of crude protein in diet was linearly decreased with increasing isobutyrate supplementation. The present results indicate that isobutyrate supplemented improved microflora, rumen enzyme activities and methane emissions in steers. It was suggested that the isobutyrate stimulated the digestive micro‐organisms or enzymes in a dose‐dependent manner. In the experimental conditions of this trial, the optimum isobutyrate dose was approximately 16.8 g isobutyrate per steer per day.  相似文献   

16.
[目的] 研究饲粮中添加蒲公英、益母草、金银花和连翘4种植物的乙醇提取物对泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃细菌菌群的影响。[方法] 采用完全随机试验设计,将24头泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛随机分为对照组和试验组,每组12头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+0.3%/（头·d）复合植物提取物。试验期共75 d,预试期15 d,正试期60 d。于试验正式期第60天通过口腔采集奶牛瘤胃液,提取瘤胃液样品总DNA,利用16S rDNA序列分析技术研究饲粮中添加复合植物提取物对奶牛瘤胃细菌菌群的影响。[结果] 对照组与试验组的瘤胃微生物在OTU水平上可相互分离。试验组奶牛瘤胃细菌的α多样性指数与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）。添加复合植物提取物改变奶牛瘤胃中17个细菌菌门相对丰度,但试验组与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）;在门水平上,2组的拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）在总菌群中占比最高;在属水平上,试验组瘤胃细菌相对丰度与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）,2组优势菌属均为普雷沃菌属1（Prevotella 1）。通过LEFse分析发现,与对照组相比,试验组奶牛瘤胃中的拟杆菌目（Bacteroidales）相对丰度显著（P<0.05）降低,而双歧杆菌科（Bifidobacteriaceae）的相对丰度显著（P<0.05）增加。[结论] 在泌乳期奶牛饲粮中添加0.3%的蒲公英、益母草、金银花和连翘复合提取物具有调节瘤胃菌群的作用。  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sweet potato vine pellet (SWEPP) in concentrate diets on nutrient digestibility and rumen ecology in lactating dairy cows fed on urea-treated rice straw. Three multiparous Holstein crossbred cows in mid-lactation were randomly assigned according to a 3?×?3 Latin square design, and the treatments were as follows: T1 = control (no supplementation), T2 = supplementation of sweet potato vine pellet with 50 g/kg urea (SWEPP I) at 300 g/head/day, and T3 = supplementation of sweet potato pellet with 100 g/kg urea (SWEPP II) at 300 g/head/day, in concentrate diets, respectively. The result revealed that supplementation of SWEPP did not affect feed intake, ruminal pH, and blood urea nitrogen (P?>?0.05). However, apparent digestibilities of organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber were higher in SWEPP II than those in others. Furthermore, ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and milk yield were significantly higher (P?<?0.05) in animals fed with SWEPP II than those fed with SWEPP I and control, respectively. In addition, there were no differences in purine derivatives and microbial nitrogen supply among all the treatments. Based on this study, it could be concluded that SWEPP is a good source of supplement which resulted in significant improvement in apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation, and milk yield in lactating dairy cows fed on urea-treated rice straw.  相似文献   

18.
本试验旨在研究羊草茎降解特性和紧密吸附于茎的3种主要纤维分解菌的动态变化。选用羊草茎为试验材料,将其纵切6份后装入尼龙袋投入瘤胃中,分别在6,12,24,48和72 h取出,利用扫描电子显微镜观察超微结构变化;取粉碎后羊草茎进行尼龙袋试验,分别在0.5,2,6、12,24,48和72 h取出,测定不同时间点中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)降解率和吸附在茎中3种主要纤维分解菌的数量变化。结果表明,薄壁组织和韧皮部可被瘤胃微生物降解,维管束会伴随薄壁组织的降解而发生脱落。羊草茎和食糜不同时间点纤维分解菌数量均为产琥珀酸丝状杆菌>白色瘤胃球菌>黄色瘤胃球菌,茎中产琥珀酸丝状杆菌和黄色瘤胃球菌数量在24 h达峰值,分别为109和105 copy/g羊草茎,白色瘤胃球菌在12 h达峰值,为108 copy/g羊草茎。瘤胃食糜中3种纤维分解菌的数量在24 h内基本处在一个恒定的水平,而羊草茎NDF降解率在72 h内逐渐提高,羊草NDF降解率与瘤胃食糜中3种纤维分解菌数量不同步,这可能与纤维分解菌分泌的酶活力存在滞后有关。  相似文献   

19.
High-quality protein roughage is an important feed for productive ruminants. This study examined the effects of strategic feeding of lactating cows with cassava (Manihot esculenta) top silage (CTS) on rumen fermentation, feed intake, milk yield, and quality. Four early lactating crossbred dairy cows (75% Holstein-Friesian and 25% Thai) with body weight (BW) 410?±?30 kg and milk yield 12?±?2 kg/day were randomly allotted in a 4?×?4 Latin square design to four different supplementation levels of CTS namely, 0, 0.75, 1.50, and 2.25 kg/day of dry matter (DM). Strategic supplementation of CTS significantly affected ruminal fermentation end-products, especially increased propionate production, decreased protozoal population and suppressed methane production (P?<?0.05). Increasing the CTS supplementation level substantially enhanced milk yield and the 3.5% FCM from 12.7 to 14.0 kg/day and from 14.6 to 17.2 kg/day (P?<?0.05) for non-supplemented group and for the 2.25 kg/day supplemented group, respectively. We conclude that high-quality protein roughage significantly enhances rumen fermentation end-products, milk yield, and quality in dairy cows.  相似文献   

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