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1.
马铃薯立枯丝核菌生物学特性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用生长速率法研究了黑龙江省马铃薯立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)菌丝生长的条件。结果表明病菌菌丝在10~35℃均能生长,适宜温度是25~30℃,30℃菌丝生长最快。在pH为3~12的范围内病菌菌丝均能生长,以pH 5~7菌丝生长速度较快。黑暗对菌丝生长有促进作用,光照可促进菌核的形成。不同碳源、氮源对立枯丝核菌菌丝生长的影响均较明显,可溶性淀粉和酵母粉对菌丝生长有显著的促进作用。立枯丝核菌菌丝体及菌核的致死温度分别为49℃和51℃。明确了黑龙江省马铃薯立枯丝核菌生长的环境条件,可为病害防治提供理论依据。 相似文献
2.
新疆北疆棉田立枯丝核菌不同菌丝融合群致病力的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从新疆北疆棉区采集了典型的棉花立枯病病苗及棉田土标样686份,按常规分离方法分离得到399个分离物,从中鉴定出272个纯化的立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)菌株。用标准菌株,通过载玻片菌丝融合试验测定,将纯化的272个菌株划归为3个菌丝融合群:即AG-2、AG-4和AG-5,分别占总菌株的6.24%、84.2%和1.1%。另有23个菌株不与任何标准菌株融合,占8.46%,说明新疆北疆棉田立枯丝核菌的优势菌系是多核丝核菌的AG-4融合群。通过从10种不同配方培养基中筛选效果好的麦芽蛋白胨(MPDA)配方培养基(Ⅱ)进行对峙培养,将纯化获得的272个丝核菌菌株,划分为6个不同的营养亲和群。将多核的不同菌丝融合群及其各营养亲和群代表菌株在3种不同主栽棉花品种上(每品种都加不接菌的对照)进行温室盆栽致病力测定,结果以AG-4对棉花的致病力最强,其次是非融合类,AG-2和AG-5虽致病,但并不致死苗,其平均病指数分别为94.9、81.4、53.1、43.5。 相似文献
3.
华北地区十字花科芸薹属蔬菜上立枯丝核菌的病原生物学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
由丝核菌引起的十字花科蔬菜叶腐和茎基腐病在中国华北地区普遍发生,其中以河北、内蒙以及北京较为严重。2011~2018年,从华北地区不同省份具有典型叶腐和茎基腐症状的芸苔属蔬菜上分离获得95个丝核菌(Rhizoctonia spp.)分离物,大多数分离自发病植株的叶部,少数分离自茎基部。通过细胞核染色,87株菌属于多核丝核菌,另外8株属于双核丝核菌;经菌丝融合鉴定、rDNA-ITS区及TEF-1α(translation elongation factor 1-alpha, TEF-1α)序列分析,大多数多核丝核菌属于立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)AG-2-1(74％),其他少数分别属于AG-1-IB(16％)、AG-4-HG II(2％)和双核丝核菌AG-A(8％)。温室条件下进行寄主范围致病力测定,各分离物对原寄主都表现出致病力,呈现典型叶腐或茎基腐症状;对其他作物的致病力差异较大。不同融合群(Anastomosis group,AG)的菌株对寄主致病力大小存在差异,AG-2-1致病力最强,只有AG-A对叶部没有致病力。AG-2-1对寄主叶部的致病力和对茎基部的致病力呈显著正相关,AG-1-IB对寄主叶部的致病力和对茎基部的致病力无显著相关性。 相似文献
4.
西南地区玉米纹枯病病菌融合群鉴定和UP-PCR分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为明确西南地区玉米纹枯病病菌组成结构,从西南地区(四川、贵州、云南和重庆)玉米纹枯病样上分离获得285个疑似丝核菌菌株,根据培养性状、菌丝形态和细胞核染色对其进行鉴定,通过载玻片配对培养法对鉴定出的菌株进行菌丝融合群鉴定,并采用UP-PCR方法从各融合群中选取代表性菌株进行遗传变异分析。结果显示,供试疑似菌株中共鉴定出253个丝核菌,分别为224株立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani和29株玉蜀黍丝核菌R.zeae。立枯丝核菌包括5个融合群,其中AG1-ⅠA共201株,出现频率为79.4%;AG1-ⅠB共2株,出现频率为0.8%;AG2-2ⅢB共3株,出现频率为1.2%;AG4-HGⅠ共10株,出现频率为3.9%;AG-5共8株,出现频率为3.2%。29株玉蜀黍丝核菌融合群均为WAG-Z,出现频率为11.5%。遗传变异分析中,当相似系数为0.78时,按照出现频率从立枯丝核菌和玉蜀黍丝核菌选取的不同融合群的20株菌株被划分为6个类群,与菌丝融合分析结果完全吻合,其中AG2-2ⅢB融合群首次从西南地区玉米上分离到。 相似文献
5.
由丝核菌引起的十字花科蔬菜叶腐和茎基腐病在中国华北地区普遍发生,其中以河北、内蒙以及北京较为严重。2011~2018年,从华北地区不同省份具有典型叶腐和茎基腐症状的芸苔属蔬菜上分离获得95个丝核菌(Rhizoctonia spp.)分离物,大多数分离自发病植株的叶部,少数分离自茎基部。通过细胞核染色,87株菌属于多核丝核菌,另外8株属于双核丝核菌;经菌丝融合鉴定、rDNA-ITS区及TEF-1α(translation elongation factor 1-alpha, TEF-1α)序列分析,大多数多核丝核菌属于立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)AG-2-1(74％),其他少数分别属于AG-1-IB(16％)、AG-4-HG II(2％)和双核丝核菌AG-A(8％)。温室条件下进行寄主范围致病力测定,各分离物对原寄主都表现出致病力,呈现典型叶腐或茎基腐症状;对其他作物的致病力差异较大。不同融合群(Anastomosis group,AG)的菌株对寄主致病力大小存在差异,AG-2-1致病力最强,只有AG-A对叶部没有致病力。AG-2-1对寄主叶部的致病力和对茎基部的致病力呈显著正相关,AG-1-IB对寄主叶部的致病力和对茎基部的致病力无显著相关性。 相似文献
6.
侧孢短芽孢杆菌B8对两种植物病原菌抗菌机制初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了侧孢短芽孢杆菌B8胞外抗菌蛋白对立枯丝核菌和辣椒疫霉菌的抗菌作用。结果表明,B8胞外抗菌蛋白可有效抑制立枯丝核菌和辣椒疫霉菌菌丝生长,抑制率分别为73.51%和47.26%。经其处理的立枯丝核菌菌丝膨大、断裂,细胞质外渗,细胞壁消解,菌丝解体;处理的辣椒疫霉菌菌丝分支增多,顶端产生球状结构,原生质体囊泡化,菌丝断裂。B8胞外抗菌蛋白对辣椒疫霉菌游动孢子囊产生和游动孢子萌发具有抑制作用,抑制率分别为80%和100%。B8胞外抗菌蛋白对立枯丝核菌菌核产生具有显著的抑制作用,抑制率可达到100%;对菌核萌发速度也具有抑制作用,其处理过的菌核萌发速度缓慢,且萌发产生的菌丝生长量明显减少,菌丝畸形。 相似文献
7.
8.
新化合物氟醚菌酰胺的抑菌活性及其对棉花立枯丝核菌的作用方式研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
采用菌丝生长速率法测定了新化合物氟醚菌酰胺(LH-2010A)对10种常见植物病原菌的毒力,同时研究了其对棉花立枯丝核菌无性繁殖过程、菌丝形态及细胞膜通透性的影响。结果表明:氟醚菌酰胺对10种病原菌均具有较强的抑菌活性,比结构相似的选择性杀菌剂氟吡菌胺具有更广的杀菌谱。氟醚菌酰胺对棉花立枯丝核菌和番茄灰霉病菌的抑菌活性最高,EC50值均小于1.00 μg/mL,对其他8种病原菌的EC50值则在1.10~4.63 μg/mL之间;而氟吡菌胺只对辣椒疫霉和马铃薯晚疫病菌具有较高的抑菌活性,EC50值分别为0.61和0.72 μg/mL。在100.0 μg/mL下,氟醚菌酰胺对棉花立枯丝核菌抑菌作用明显,能显著抑制其菌核产生和菌丝生长量,使菌丝分支增多、变短、变粗;以不同浓度的氟醚菌酰胺处理棉花立枯丝核菌时,其细胞膜的通透性随着药剂浓度的增加而显著增大,520 min时最高处理浓度下的相对渗率为77.01%。表明氟醚菌酰胺对多种植物病原菌具有较高的抑菌活性,并能明显抑制棉花立枯丝核菌的多项生理指标。 相似文献
9.
枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacilllus subtilis)S9对植物病原真菌的溶菌作用 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本研究共分离了976株细菌分离物,发现来自甘蔗根围的1株枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)S9对立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、终极腐霉(Pythium ultimum)和西瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum)在PDA平板的对峙培养过程中不形成抑菌圈,但4 d后可使上述植物病原真菌的菌丝溶解.扫描电镜观察发现S9菌株在待测的立枯丝核菌表面形成了溶菌斑.S9菌株对立枯丝核菌的作用过程是通过吸附在病原真菌的菌丝上,并随菌丝生长而生长,而后产生溶菌物质消解菌丝体.液体共培养测定也证明了S9菌株具有上述作用.本研究还发现,S9菌株对植物病原真菌的拮抗真菌绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)、鲜红毛壳菌(Chaetomium cupreum)和球毛壳菌(Chaetomiumglobosum)的生长没有影响.盆栽试验证明了S9菌株可有效地控制立枯丝核菌(R.solani)引起的番茄苗期病害.S9菌株与其它拮抗真菌混合具有促进防治植物病原真菌引起的植物病害的潜力. 相似文献
10.
2013-2014年吉林省、黑龙江省烟区首次大面积发生烟草靶斑病,损失严重。采集吉林省柳河县、黑龙江省林口县和宾县的烟草靶斑病病叶进行分离纯化,得到了12个菌株。将所获菌株分别与立枯丝核菌标准融合群菌株AG-2、AG-3、AG-4进行对峙培养,结果表明:此12个菌株均与立枯丝核菌AG-3标准菌株发生融合反应,不与其他融合群发生融合;随机选取3个县各1个代表性菌株,提取菌丝基因组DNA并对其ITS序列进行分析与比对,菌株HLJ-2、JL-1、HLJ-7的ITS序列与辽宁省烟草靶斑病菌菌株LF-2、LJT-8(AG-3融合群)的同源性达99%~100%,因此推断,吉林省、黑龙江省烟草靶斑病菌与辽宁省烟草靶斑病菌应属于同一个融合群,即立枯丝核菌AG-3融合群(Rhizoctonia solani AG-3)。根据各菌株在鉴别寄主上表现的抗性不同,可将吉林省、黑龙江省所有菌株分为3个致病类型,即致病类型Ⅰ、致病类型Ⅱ和致病类型Ⅲ。同一省份不同菌株间致病力有差异,黑龙江省菌株3种致病类型均有,以致病类型Ⅱ为主;吉林省菌株只有致病类型Ⅰ和致病类型Ⅱ。分别选取3个省的强致病力菌株,用离体叶片接种法鉴定了我国21个主栽烟草品种对靶斑病的室内抗病性,结果表明:没有免疫或抗病品种,‘龙江981’、‘NC297’对供试的3个强致病力菌株均表现中抗,‘中烟202’、‘云烟97’、‘NC55’、‘KRK26’和‘G28’分别对不同菌株表现中抗。 相似文献
11.
Aetiology of Rhizoctonia in sheath blight of maize in Sichuan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Rhizoctonia isolates obtained from maize grown in commercial fields in 33 representative counties (or cities) in Sichuan province in China were characterized according to colony morphology, hyphal anastomosis and pathogenicity. Of 141 isolates, 116 were identified as R. solani , 23 as R. zeae and two as binucleate Rhizoctonia . The isolates of R. solani were assigned to four anastomosis groups (AG): AG-1-IA (101 isolates, accounting for 71.6% of the total), AG-1-IB (2, 1.4%), AG-4 (9, 6.4%) and AG-5 (4, 2.8%). The two isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia belonged to AG-K. On maize, isolates of AG-1-IA caused typical sheath blight symptoms. Lesions produced by isolates of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were darker than those of AG-1-IA. Rhizoctonia zeae usually caused discontinuous lesions with a dark brown margin and a brown centre on the leaf sheaths, as well as ear rot. Isolates of AG-1-IA were the most virulent to maize, with an average lesion length of approximately 15 cm. Isolates of R. zeae produced lesions approximately 12 cm long, while those of AG-4, AG-5, AG-1-IB and AG-K were progressively shorter. On potato dextrose agar (PDA; pH 6.4), the minimum temperature for mycelial growth of R. zeae isolates was 14–18°C, the maximum 38–40°C and optimum 30°C. Isolates of R. zeae did not grow on PDA (28°C) at pH 2.0, the optimum for growth being pH 6.4. 相似文献
12.
Delayed sprouting and white rot of leaf tips were found on Chinese chives in a greenhouse in Hokkaido, Japan, in the spring of 2006 and 2007. The causal fungus was identified as Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG)-2-1 and discriminated from the leaf rot pathogen R. solani AG-4 HG-I in terms of pathogenicity. Symptoms and the time of year that the disease occurs also apparently differ for the two pathogens. This is the first report of white leaf rot on Chinese chive caused by R. solani AG-2-1. 相似文献
13.
Foot rot of mature tomato plants was found in four cities of Hokkaido, Japan, from 2004 to 2007. Six of eight isolates obtained
from damaged tissues were identified as Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG)-3, and the remaining two isolates belonged to AG-2-1. We compared these isolates with nine reference
isolates including the different subgroups in AG-3 (PT, TB and TM) and AG-2-Nt (pathogen of tobacco leaf spot) within AG-2-1
in terms of pathogenicity to tomato, tobacco and potato. All eight isolates caused foot rot on tomato. The six AG-3 isolates
caused stem rot on young potato plants. While, all reference isolates of AG-3 PT causing stem rot of young potato plants incited
foot rot on tomato. The two AG-2-1 isolates and an AG-2-Nt reference isolate caused severe leaf spot on tobacco leaves. The
sequences of rDNA- ITS region and rDNA-IGS1 region of the AG-3 isolates showed high similarity to that of AG-3 PT isolates.
Phylogenetic tree based on ITS and IGS1 regions of rDNA indicated that the AG-2-1 isolates from tomato formed a single clade
with AG-2-Nt isolates and that they were separate from Japanese AG-2-1 isolates (culture type II). Pathogenicity tests and
DNA sequence evaluation of the causal fungi revealed that the present isolates of AG-3 and AG-2-1 belonged to AG-3 PT and
AG-2-Nt, respectively. This is the first report of tomato foot rot caused by R. solani in Japan. 相似文献
14.
为了明确我国甘蓝主栽区黑腐病菌株种类与致病力水平,为优化抗病性鉴定方法、筛选抗病品种及抗病品种的合理布局提供依据,分别采集了10个省域的黑腐病病叶,经过分离纯化与分子鉴定,获得了26个典型甘蓝黑腐病菌株;选用5个甘蓝抗、感品种作为鉴别寄主,以甘蓝黑腐病菌株的悬浮液为接种体,采用喷雾接种法测定致病力。结果表明:来源于不同省域的黑腐病菌株致病力存在显著差异,致病力最强的是YU,病情指数平均值为38.31;致病力最弱的是SH,病情指数平均值为17.03。来源于不同海拔高度的甘蓝黑腐病菌株致病力最强的是G1500,病情指数平均值为37.93;最弱的是G800,病情指数平均值为19.80。根据鉴别寄主抗感反应将26个黑腐病菌株划分为12类致病型,发现来自不同地域的甘蓝黑腐病菌株间存在着显著的致病性分化现象,对甘蓝品种的致病力存在着显著性差异,其中菌株YU致病力最强,菌株YU可作为甘蓝抗病性鉴定的主要致病菌株,指导抗病品种的选育。 相似文献
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为了明确我国甘蓝主栽区黑腐病菌株种类与致病力水平,为优化抗病性鉴定方法、筛选抗病品种及抗病品种的合理布局提供依据,分别采集了10个省域的黑腐病病叶,经过分离纯化与分子鉴定,获得了26个典型甘蓝黑腐病菌株;选用5个甘蓝抗、感品种作为鉴别寄主,以甘蓝黑腐病菌株的悬浮液为接种体,采用喷雾接种法测定致病力。结果表明:来源于不同省域的黑腐病菌株致病力存在显著差异,致病力最强的是YU,病情指数平均值为38.31;致病力最弱的是SH,病情指数平均值为17.03。来源于不同海拔高度的甘蓝黑腐病菌株致病力最强的是G1500,病情指数平均值为37.93;最弱的是G800,病情指数平均值为19.80。根据鉴别寄主抗感反应将26个黑腐病菌株划分为12类致病型,发现来自不同地域的甘蓝黑腐病菌株间存在着显著的致病性分化现象,对甘蓝品种的致病力存在着显著性差异,其中菌株YU致病力最强,菌株YU可作为甘蓝抗病性鉴定的主要致病菌株,指导抗病品种的选育。 相似文献
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Gen-Hua Yang Hai-Ru Chen Shigeo Naito Jian-Yu Wu Xia-Hong He Chun-Fang Duan 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(5):377-379
During December 2003, leaf rot was frequently observed on leaves of pak choy and Chinese mustard in Xishuangbanna district of Yunnnan Province, China. Isolates of Rhizoctonia solani, consistently obtained from the diseased leaves, were identical to anastomosis group (AG)-1 IB based on cultural characteristics and analysis of the ITS-5.8s rDNA region. This is the first report of foliar rot of pak choy and Chinese mustard caused by R. solani AG-1 IB in China. 相似文献
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为明确引起四川理县大白菜软腐病的病原菌种类, 从理县梭罗沟村田间采集具有典型软腐症状的大白菜病样, 采用组织分离、致病力测定、生理生化分析、形态学和分子生物学方法进行鉴定。结果表明, 分离获得的5株细菌在NA培养基上形成的菌落呈圆形、半透明、乳白色、中心突起、边缘平滑, 在半选择性培养基CVP上培养48 h后产生凹陷。5株菌均能使大白菜、胡萝卜、马铃薯和芹菜的离体组织腐烂, 接种于白菜苗后叶片呈湿腐萎蔫症状。通过大白菜叶柄接种部位形成的病斑长径来比较菌株致病力强弱, 各菌株的致病力有显著差异。基于看家基因pgi、rpoS、mdh、proA、mtlD 和icdA(NCBI登录号为OL963562~OL963571)的多基因联合系统发育树, 分离菌株与Pectobacterium versatile聚为一簇, dnaX-leuS-recA(NCBI登录号为OL963572~OL963576)的多位点序列分析(MLSA)进一步支持以上结果, 且准确性更高。分离菌株的生理生化特征与P.versatile模式菌株一致, 综上将其鉴定为P.versatile。这是我国首次报道P.versatile引起大白菜软腐病。 相似文献
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大白菜软腐病拮抗菌的筛选、鉴定及其防效研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选对大白菜软腐病具有较好拮抗效果的生防菌株,采用对峙平板法分别从作物根际土、发酵池以及本实验室菌种库得到6株拮抗性较强的菌株ASR-12、ASR-23、ASR-31、ASR-54、ASR-55、ASR-150。在离体叶柄软腐防效试验中,采用注射接种法获得了拮抗性较强的3株拮抗菌ASR-12、ASR-23和ASR-150,48 h的防效分别达到了87.64%、80.90%和70.79%。温室防效试验的结果表明:菌株ASR-12、ASR-23和ASR-150防治效果分别为59.22%、59.21%和55.00%,显著高于72%农用链霉素可湿性粉剂的防效(39.15%),具有很好应用前景。依据形态、生理生化和分子鉴定,菌株ASR-12被鉴定为解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Crater disease (CD) of wheat is caused by a Rhizoctonia solani strain of ambiguous phylogeny. Anastomosis reactions confirmed placement of CD-causing R. solani in anastomosis group (AG) 6, with results indicating a closer affinity to AG-6 GV than to AG-6 HG. Cultures of CD isolates were initially white to cream, turning a yellowish light brown after 10 days. Concentric rings of dark and light mycelium were evident from an early stage. Mycelium generally was appressed to the agar surface, with sparse aerial growth. A few light-colored, irregularly shaped sclerotia could be discerned after 2 weeks. The mean hyphal diameter of CD-causing R. solani was 7.46 mum (ranging from 5.0 to 10.0 mum), and cells contained a mean number of four (ranging from two to eight) nuclei, compared to a mean hyphal diameter of 8.58 and 8.42 mum and a mean nuclear number of six and four for AG-6 HG and AG-6 GV, respectively. The CD isolates had a slower growth rate (15.3 mm/day) than AG-6 HG (29.1 mm/day) and AG-6 GV (22.6 mm/day) but, like AG-6, were thiamine prototrophic. Conspicuous nodulose swellings were produced by CD-causing R. solani on roots of wheat, and infection resulted in retarded shoot growth. Smaller nodules were evident on bean and soybean roots. Fingerprint patterns generated for the various isolates with four enzymes, HpaII, Sau3AI, TaqI, and CfoI, showed the presence of a unique 610-bp fragment in the pathogen. It is proposed that CD-causing R. solani isolates represent a distinct intersterility group within AG-6 that is more related to subgroup GV than to subgroup HG. 相似文献