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1.
水肥耦合对树莓光合特性和果实品质的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
通过在田间利用防雨棚和测坑设施进行试验,研究水肥耦合对树莓光合特性及果实品质的影响。结果表明:土壤水分适度时适量增施肥料有利于树莓叶片净光合速率(Pn)提高,控制肥料施入可有效降低树莓叶片的蒸腾速率(Tr)和提高细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci);肥料适度时适量提高土壤水分有利于提高树莓叶片的净光合速率(Pn)和叶片气孔导度(Gs),控制土壤含水量有利于树莓叶片的蒸腾速率(Tr)降低和细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)的提高。在施肥水平相同的条件下,适中的土壤含水量有利于果实中有机酸、可溶性糖和SOD营养物质的积累,充足的土壤含水量有利于果实中可溶性固形物和Vc含量的积累。土壤含水量控制在32%以上,施肥量在460.95kg/hm2水平有利于树莓光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)的提高和午休时间的缩短;土壤含水量控制在26.2%以上,施肥量在270kg/hm2水平有利于降低树莓的蒸腾速率(Tr)和提高树莓果实品质。 相似文献
2.
采用盆栽砂培试验,研究了不同浓度氯离子（Cl-）处理对油菜（Brassica napus L.）幼苗干物质积累速率（DMAR）、根冠比（R/S）、叶绿素（Chl）含量、氯离子含量（Cl-）、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、细胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、水分利用效率（WUE）、气孔限制值（Ls）等的影响。结果表明:25～100 mmol/L Cl- 处理9 d和18 d,油菜幼苗植株DMAR均上升,均在50 mmol/L Cl- 处理时达到最大值;不同浓度Cl- 处理9 d,Chl含量有先上升后下降的趋势,在100 mmol/L Cl- 处理时达到最大值,处理18 d,Chl含量依次下降。Cl- 处理能显著提高叶片中的Cl- 含量。除了在处理18 d后的Ci外,25～100 mmol/L Cl- 处理下,油菜叶片均能维持较高的Pn、Gs、Ci和Tr,200 mmol/L Cl- 处理9 d和18 d,油菜叶片Pn、Gs、Ci和Tr均显著下降。随着Cl- 浓度的增加,WUE呈现先降后升,在9 d处理后,随着Cl- 浓度的增加,油菜Ls也呈现先升后降,而在18 d处理后,随着Cl- 浓度的增加,Ls逐渐显著上升。上述结果表明,外施低量氯（Cl- 25~100 mmol/L）显著提高或者维持油菜幼苗的光合作用和蒸腾作用,促进油菜幼苗的生长;而高氯（200 mmol/L Cl-）条件下显著降低其光合作用和蒸腾作用,抑制其生长,且抑制油菜幼苗光合的主要是气孔因素。相关性分析还表明,植株DMAR、Pn、Ci、Tr、Gs之间均有显著的正相关性,而Pn与WUE之间存在极显著的负相关。 相似文献
3.
NaCl胁迫对甘薯叶片水分代谢、光合速率、ABA含量的影响 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：18
以耐盐品种徐薯 1 8、中等耐盐品种栗子香和不耐盐品种胜利百号为材料 ,用 1/2Hoagland营养液配制浓度为 0、85、170、255、340mmolL-1 的NaCl溶液分别胁迫 6d后进行指标分析。试验结果表明 ,随着NaCl胁迫浓度的提高 ,甘薯叶片水势 (w)、相对含水量 (RWC)逐渐下降 ,光合速率 (Pn)、蒸腾速率 (Tr)、水分利用率 (WUE)、气孔导度 (Gs)、气孔开度也明显下降 ;低浓度NaCl胁迫下胞间CO2 浓度 (Ci)下降 ,随着NaCl胁迫浓度的提高 ,Ci逐渐上升 ;脱落酸 (ABA)含量则随NaCl胁迫浓度的提高而上升。NaCl胁迫下上述指标在不同耐盐品种间存在明显差异 ,而且NaCl胁迫浓度与RWC、w、Pn、Tr、Gs呈极显著的负相关。在NaCl浓度为 85mmolL-1 以上时 ,NaCl浓度与Ci、ABA含量呈极显著的正相关 ;RWC、w与ABA间呈极显著负相关 ,与Pn、Tr、Gs之间呈极显著的正相关 ;ABA含量与Pn、Tr、Gs之间呈极显著的负相关。 相似文献
4.
氯胁迫对大白菜幼苗叶绿素含量及光合作用的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用土培实验,研究了氯胁迫(0,0.1,0.15,0.2 mol.L-1)对大白菜幼苗生长以及光合作用的影响。结果表明,较低浓度氯处理(0.1 mol.L-1)对大白菜幼苗叶绿素含量和光合作用没有明显影响。高氯(0.2 mol.L-1)胁迫处理,显著降低了白菜幼苗鲜重、干物质重、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和叶绿素总量(Chla Chlb),提高了胞间CO2(Ci)浓度,说明非气孔限制可能是促进Pn降低的主要原因。 相似文献
5.
氮磷钾对春茶光合生理及氨基酸组分的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【目的】当前为追求茶园高产盲目施肥、滥用化肥造成生态环境破坏的现象较为严重,因此如何合理施肥显得尤为重要,本文通过研究氮、磷、钾不同水平及其配比对春茶净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)等光合生理指标和春茶新梢氮、磷、钾含量,氨基酸总量及其组分的影响,为茶园平衡施肥和精准施肥提供理论指导。【方法】采取单因素试验设计,设氮、磷、钾各3个水平及其配比和对照,共14个处理(N1、N2、N3、P1、P2、P3、K1、K2、K3、NP、NK、PK、NPK、CK),在茶树新梢长至1芽3叶时采样,用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪测定茶树的光合生理指标,用氨基酸自动分析仪测定春茶氨基酸总量及组分含量,分别采用凯氏定氮法、钒钼黄比色法和原子吸收分光光度法测定茶树新梢的全氮、全磷和全钾含量。分析不同施肥处理对茶树光合生理指标和春茶氨基酸总量及其组分的影响,并通过逐步回归分析建立Pn与茶树新梢氮、磷、钾含量,Tr、Gs和Ci的回归方程。【结果】NPK处理茶树Pn比CK提高9.70%;P2、P3和NPK处理的Tr显著增加,比CK分别提高10.60%、14.92%、14.25%;NPK处理的Gs显著增加,比CK高23.15%,同时Gs随不同施肥水平表现出与蒸腾速率较一致的趋势,二者的相关性极显著;Ci随氮、磷、钾施用量的增加而上升;WUE随氮、磷、钾施用量的增加而下降。NPK处理的茶树新梢的氮、磷含量较高,相同施肥处理的茶树新梢的磷含量低于氮、钾。逐步回归分析显示,茶树新梢磷含量,Ci和Gs对Pn的直接作用较大,直接通径系数分别为0.3688、-0.8139和0.4677,Pn=12.955+26.624P-0.087Ci+38.233Gs;NPK处理下春茶氨基酸总量及茶氨酸、天冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸和胱氨酸等主要氨基酸组分的含量分别比对照提高了27.88%、26.60%、35.78%、35.06%、24.41%和24.41%,与对照差异显著。【结论】新梢磷含量和气孔导度对春茶净光合速率的提高有直接的促进作用,而胞间CO2浓度对净光合速率有一定的消减作用。氮磷钾配施可显著提升茶树新梢叶片的气孔导度并保证茶树新梢中较高的磷含量,从而提高了茶树的净光合速率。氮磷钾肥配施能显著提高春茶氨基酸总量及其组分含量,提高了春茶的品质,表明茶叶中氨基酸总量和茶氨酸等重要组分含量的提高是氮、磷、钾营养共同作用的结果。因此,氮磷钾配合施用可以提高春茶的产量和品质。 相似文献
6.
红壤水分调节对柑桔叶片叶绿素和光合特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过调节柑桔根际土壤含水量,研究了红壤不同水分处理对柑桔叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、进出气室CO2的浓度差(△Ca)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和羧化效率(CE)的影响。结果表明,红壤相对含水量在75%时,柑桔叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量都达到了最大值;Tr与土壤含水量变化趋势一致(R2=0.9625**),而Pn(R2=0.9388*)、△Ca、CE在土壤相对含水量75%以下时,与土壤含水量呈正相关,说明红壤相对含水量在75%以上时柑桔叶片的部分蒸腾与Pn无关;Pn与Ci呈负相关,土壤相对含水量在30%时的Gs与其他水分处理间的差异达到极显著,表明红壤水分含量所引起的柑桔叶片光合速率变化在土壤相对含水量30%以下时主要是由非气孔因素所引起,而在土壤相对含水量30%以上时主要是由气孔因素所引起。 相似文献
7.
地表覆盖及生理生态因子对苹果树光合特性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以9年生长枝富士苹果树为研究对象,利用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统监测不同地表覆盖模式下盛果期苹果树净光合速率、蒸腾速率日变化,并对与净光合速率和蒸腾速率相关的环境因子及生理子的相互关系进行分析.结果表明,清耕和生草处理的净光合速率(Pn)日变化为双峰型,地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和砂石覆盖的净光合速率(Pn)日变化进程为单峰型;蒸腾速率(Tr)日变化均为单峰型.净光合速率(Pn)与光合有效辐射(PAR)、气温(Ta)、叶温(Tl)均呈二次曲线关系;与大气相对湿度(RH)、气孔导度(Gs)呈显著正相关;与胞间CO2浓度(Ci)呈显著负相关.蒸腾速率(Tr)与光合有效辐射(PAR)为幂指数关系;与大气相对湿度(RH)呈二次曲线关系;与气温(Ta)、叶温(Tl)、气孔导度(Gs)呈显著正相关;与胞间CO2浓度(Gi)显著负相关.砂石覆盖和秸秆覆盖的净光合速率最大,不同覆盖模式下蒸腾速率日均值差异不显著,不同覆盖模式下苹果树的光合特性与各项环境因子和生理因子密切相关. 相似文献
8.
芒萁是我国南方地区治理水土流失的先锋植物。为探究短期高温胁迫对芒萁生长的影响,本文通过智能光照培养箱对芒萁进行高温胁迫控制实验,测定不同条件下芒萁叶片的净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）以及叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)和叶绿素总含量（Chl）数值。研究结果表明：(1)Pn、Gs、Tr随胁迫温度的升高而整体下降,Ci呈相反趋势,表明高温胁迫能够导致芒萁光合色素和光合活性的下降,且Pn与Gs和Ci间的关系表明,导致Pn下降的主要原因与胁迫程度有关;(2)Chla、Chlb、Chl随着胁迫时间和胁迫温度的增加而降低,且Chlb下降幅度更明显。 相似文献
9.
大豆幼苗光合特性对锰营养的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用溶液培养方法,设Mn2+浓度为0、0.05、0.50、5、30、50.mg/L,探讨了2种大豆品种(浙春2号、东北大豆854-11)的幼苗光合特性对不同锰浓度的响应。结果表明,低锰浓度提高了大豆叶片的初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、潜在光化学活性(Fv/Fo)和光化学猝灭系数(qP),高锰降低了Fo、Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、qP。随着锰营养的增加,非光化学猝灭系数(qN)增大。适量的锰浓度显著提高了大豆的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs),降低了气孔阻力(Rs)和细胞间CO2浓度(Ci),随着锰浓度的逐渐增大,降低了Pn、Tr、Gs,提高了Rs、Ci。0.50.mg/L下的锰浓度有最大的Fo,5.mg/L下的锰浓度有最大的Fm、qP、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo,表明0.505～mg/L的锰浓度有利于大豆的光合作用。在50.mg/L的锰浓度下,两个大豆品种有最大的qN、Rs、Ci和最小的Tr、Pn,此时两个品种大豆耗散了过剩的激发能,降低了大豆叶片的光合速率,对大豆已产生了一定的伤害。两个品种大豆光合特性对锰的响应存在着基因型差异,浙春2号较东北大豆耐锰胁迫。 相似文献
10.
土壤水分和施肥水平对甘薯叶片气体交换的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以"秦薯4号"和"619"为材料,通过盆栽试验,测定和分析了不同土壤水肥条件下甘薯的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶片水分利用效率(WUE)、气孔导度(Gs)、气孔限制值(Ls)以及胞问CO2浓度(Ci).结果表明,土壤水分对两个甘薯品种的Pn、Tr、WUE、Ls、Gs、Ci均有极显著影响;除"秦薯4号"的Gs外,施肥对两个甘薯品种的6个生理指标的影响也均达到极显著水平.甘薯叶片的Pn、Tr随土壤水分的减少均呈下降趋势,而Gs和Ls在土壤轻旱条件下下降或略有不明显上升,但在重旱条件下这两个指标均明显下降.Ci在轻早条件下变化不明显,但在土壤严重干旱时极显著升高,说明轻旱条件下叶片气体交换主要受气孔因素限制,而重旱条件下主要受非气孔因素限制."秦薯4号"叶片WUE随土壤水分的下降而极显著下降,而"619"则呈明显的先增后减趋势.甘薯叶片Pn随施肥量的增加而增加,说明增加施肥可促进叶片CO2的气体内外交换.相对于不施肥处理,中肥处理的Tr略有不明显下降("秦薯4号")或明显上升("619"),高肥处理极显著增加了Tr;叶片WUE在中肥处理下极显著增加,但继续增加施肥量时增加不明显或极显著下降:"619"的Gs随施肥量的增加而增加,而"秦薯4号"变化不明显.随施肥量的增加,Ls呈先增后减的趋势,Ci呈先降后增的趋势,说明中肥处理下甘薯叶片气体交换主要受气孔因素的限制,而高肥处理下则主要受非气孔因素的限制.水肥间互作效应明显,合理施肥可提高干旱条件下Pn、Tr、WUE,但品种间气体交换对施肥的反应机制存在差异. 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献