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1.
Factors influencing production of hygienic raw milk by small scale dairy producers in selected areas of the Jaffna district,Sri Lanka 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Sukanthy Vairamuthu Jeyalingawathani Sinniah Kalamathy Nagalingam 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(3):357-362
The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of dairy cow management techniques and milking methods on hygienic
quality of raw milk. Total Bacterial Count (TBC) and Total Coliform Colonies (TCC) were studied to determine the effects.
Investigations were carried out in fifty dairy farms from August 2007 to December 2007. The mean TBC and TCC for the herds
with comparatively good and poor management practices were 0.9 × 105 cfu/ml and 0.2 × 103/ml and 99 × 105 cfu/ml and >180 × 103/ml, respectively. The overall mean TBC (22 × 105 cfu/ml) and TCC (47 × 103/ml) obtained in this study exceeded the internationally recommended levels for TBC (105 cfu/ml) and TCC (<1,000/ml). The overall results obtained suggested that the raw milk tested was of poor hygienic quality
with the presence of a great variability among milk samples. 相似文献
2.
Conception of Jersey cattle in Turkey 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
To determine the effects of insemination season (IS; dry: May through October and rainy: November through April), lactation
number (LN; heifers, primiparous or multiparous) and their interaction on non-return rate (NRR), conception rate (CR) to first-service
and pregnancy loss (PL) of Jersey cattle in Turkey, over 1468 lactation records from 510 Jersey dairy cows were used. There
was an interaction between LN × IS on NRR, CR to first-service (p < 0.01) and PL (p < 0.05). The NRR and CR to first-service of heifers inseminated during dry season and of primiparous inseminated during rainy
season were higher (p < 0.01) than that of multiparous inseminated during both season. The NRR and CR of heifers and primiparous were higher (p < 0.05) than that of multiparous cows. The insemination of heifers during rainy season and of primiparous and multiparous
during dry season increased (p < 0.01) the PL compared to the inseminations of heifers during dry season and of primiparous during rainy season. The PL
was lower (p < 0.05) in primiparous than multiparous cows. The results demonstrate that the heifers have high fertility than the lactating,
especially multiparous and that IS appeared to have a measurable impact on traits relating to conception of Jersey cattle
in the each LN. 相似文献
3.
Bhakat M Mohanty TK Raina VS Gupta AK Khan HM Mahapatra RK Sarkar M 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(6):1161-1168
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of season, period, age, bull, and ejaculate on semen quality in Sahiwal
bulls. Semen production records from 1996 to 2006 of 5,483 ejaculates from 46 Sahiwal bulls maintained at Artificial Breeding
Complex, NDRI, Karnal, India were analyzed using least square analysis of variance by LSML software package. The overall least
squares means of ejaculate volume (VOL), total volume per day (VOLD), mass activity (MA), initial motility (IM), sperm concentration
per ml (SPC), and sperm concentration per ejaculate (SPCE) were 3.79 ± 0.02 ml, 5.81 ± 0.06 ml, 2.32 ± 0.01, 55.47 ± 0.001%,
766.69 ± 5.50 × 106/ml and 3023.25 ± 30.15 × 106, respectively. All semen traits (VOL, VOLD, MA, IM and SPCE) were significantly (P < 0.01) affected by age groups, season and period, whereas season had significant effect on VOL at 5% level. During hot-humid
season, highest value of VOL, VOLD, MA, IM, SPC, and SPCE were observed followed by summer and cold season. Highest value
of VOL, VOLD, IM, and SPCE were observed during period-3 (2004–2006), whereas highest value of MA and SPC were observed during
period-1 (1996–1999). However, lowest magnitude of MA, IM, SPC, and SPCE during period-2 (2000–2003) was observed. Ejaculate
characteristics like VOL, VOLD, and SPCE increased with the increasing age of bull up to 5 years and then decreased. Significant
(P < 0.01) bull to bull variation was found in VOL, VOLD, MA, IM, SPC, and SPCE traits. First ejaculate had significantly (P < 0.01) higher MA, IM, SPC, and SPCE. Hence, it could be concluded that during rainy season and period-1 and period-3 the
quality of semen is quantitatively and qualitatively good. Better quality semen was obtained up to 5 years of age in Sahiwal
bulls. 相似文献
4.
Comparison of the pathogensis of two isolates of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Besnoitia caprae</Emphasis> in inbred BALB/c mice 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Ahmad Oryan Fatemeh Namazi Mohammad-Mehdi Namavari Hassan Sharifiyazdi Marjan Moraveji 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(5):423-434
This study was performed to evaluate the infectivity of bradyzoites of two Besnoitia caprae isolates, BC-1 and BC-2, to inbred BALB/c mice. Each group of inbred BALB/c mice was inoculated intraperitoneally with 1 × 103, 1 × 104, 1 × 105, 5 × 105 and 1 × 106 of one of the two isolates of B. caprae bradyzoites. The mice were monitored daily for a period of 40 days for survival. After death of each mice, several passages
from its peritoneal washing and tissues were analyzed using ribosomal DNA-specific PCR assay. Marked differences in pathogenicity
between the isolates were seen. All the inbred BALB/c mice infected with BC-2 survived but all the mice that were administered
with 1 × 05, 5 × 105 and 1 × 106 BC-1 bradyzoites were died within 4–9 days post-infection (DPI). Histopathological examination of the tissues of the dead
mice revealed hyperemia and necrosis with presence of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration in myocardium, spleen
and intestines together with interstitial pneumonia and peritonitis. All inbred BALB/c mice in the 1 × 103 and 1 × 104 groups of BC-1 inoculated mice survived and they were euthanized after 40 DPI. Chronic inflammation with infiltration of
mononuclear cells was evident in myocardium, spleen, alveolar septa of the lungs of most of the examined tissues with hemorrhagic
enteritis in the mice infected with 1x106 bradyzoites. The mice infected with different doses of BC-2 were euthanized after 40 DPI and no lesion was seen in histopathological
sections of their organs. All peritoneal washings and examined tissues were PCR positive in BC-1 group. This experiment is
the first report to show inbred BALB/c mice as a relevant model for B. caprae and demonstrates that this strain of inbred BALB/c mice is a suitable animal model for biological studies and examination
of pathogenesis for this species of Besnoitia. The present findings also provide evidence for significant differences between the two isolates of B. caprae. 相似文献
5.
Namazi F Namavari MM Rahimi E Lotfi M Tahamtan Y 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(7):425-431
The Apicomplexan parasite Besnoitia caprae infects wild and domestic goats. Knowledge on Besnoitia caprae specially an optimized animal model is sparse. Experimental infections with tachyzoites of BC-Pars obtained from BALB/c mice
were conducted in outbred mice to determine the infectivity and LD50 of Besnoitia caprae. Six groups of five mice were intraperitoneally infected with 12.5 × 103, 25 × 103, 5 × 104, 1 × 105 and 2 × 105 tachyzoites and a control inoculum of DMEM, respectively. Although morbidity and mortality were observed in all groups, two
mice in the 12.5 × 103 group showed alopecia and skin lesions on 60 days post-infection (DPI). Histopathological and molecular examination of skins
confirmed B. caprae infection. The LD50 was calculated as 25 × 103.2 tachyzoites per mouse. The results indicate that outbred BALB/c mice can be used as a suitable model of besnoitiosis and
to screen candidate treatments and to test the efficacy of vaccines for besnoitiosis. 相似文献
6.
J. D. Keyyu N. C. Kyvsgaard J. Monrad A. A. Kassuku 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(1):25-33
A longitudinal field trial was conducted to determine the effectiveness of strategic anthelmintic treatments in the control
of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes and Fasciola gigantica in cattle. A total of 167 cattle (6–18 months) from three large-scale dairy farms, four traditional farms and nine small-scale
dairy farms were randomly selected. The selected animals on each farm were ear tagged and allocated into three groups based
on live weight and treated as follows: Group T4 was treated with albendazole 10% drench at 10 mg/kg four times a year (mid
rainy, end of the rain, mid dry and late dry/early rainy season). Group T2 was treated with albendazole 10% drench at 10 mg/kg
two times a year (mid rainy and late dry/early rainy season). Group UT remained as untreated control. Faecal, blood and pasture
samples were taken every month for 13 months. In addition, individual body weight (BWT) was measured on every sampling date.
Results showed that two and four strategic treatments significantly reduced faecal egg counts (FEC) by 49.5% and 62.3% respectively
compared to untreated control animals (P < 0.001). Two and four strategic treatments per year significantly reduced the proportion
of animals passing Fasciola eggs in faeces by 30.6% and 51.7% (P < 0.001), respectively. Animals treated two and four times a year significantly outgained
untreated animals by 14.8 kg and 17.7 kg respectively at the end of the trial (P < 0.05). The management system had a significant
effect on packed cell volume and the proportion of animals passing Fasciola eggs in faeces (P < 0.05). The programme of two strategic treatments per year was only effective in controlling GI nematodes.
It is concluded that a programme of four strategic treatments per year was effective in controlling GI nematodes and F. gigantica and improved weight gain. 相似文献
7.
Mukesh Bhakat Tushar K. Mohanty Ashok K. Gupta Virendra S. Raina Biswajit Brahma R. K. Mahapatra M. Sarkar 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(7):1363-1366
Effect of Foot and Mouth disease (FMD) vaccination was studied on semen quality parameters of 19 Karan Fries (KF) and eight
Murrah (MU) breeding bulls during the period 2002 to 2004 at Artificial Breeding Complex, NDRI, Karnal. A total of non-vaccinated
155 KF and 72 MU bulls' ejaculates were taken as control, while 169 KF and 51 MU bulls' ejaculates, collected after vaccination,
were used to study the effect of vaccination stress. The results showed that FMD vaccination had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on ejaculate volume and total volume per day of semen in both KF and MU bulls. Volume of semen increased slightly
during post-vaccination period in both the breeds. After FMD vaccination, there was significant (P < 0.01) decrease in mass activity (2.27 ± 0.06 vs. 1.67 ± 0.07 and 2.49 ± 0.09. vs. 1.75 ± 0.10, for KF and MU, respectively),
initial motility (56.89 ± 0.03% vs. 44.62 ± 0.02% and 62.26 ± 0.04% vs. 47.08 ± 0.05%, for KF and MU, respectively), sperm
concentration (754.19 ± 23.96 vs. 554.14 ± 22.95 × 106/ml and 848.61 ± 33.65 vs. 571.57 ± 39.99 × 106/ml, for KF and MU, respectively), and total sperm output per ejaculate (3,685.94 ± 158.40 vs. 2,781.54 ± 151.70 × 106 and 2,218.75 ± 133.14 vs. 1,582.84 ± 158.20 × 106, for KF and MU, respectively). Application of FMD vaccine had significantly (P < 0.05) adverse effect on most of the seminal attributes during post-vaccination in KF and MU buffalo bulls. So, the spermiograms
affected following vaccination suggest that in bovines, the semen collection and preservation should be suspended till normal
fertility of sperm is restored to avoid the failure of conception from artificial insemination using such semen. 相似文献
8.
Thuranira-McKeever Christine Shaw Alexandra Machila Noreen Eisler Mark Welburn Susan Maudlin Ian 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):705-717
Although seasonality is recognised as an important part of agricultural-based livelihoods, limited literature is available
on the subject area, and it is often only alluded to in discussion of other aspects of rural livelihoods. A 2-year longitudinal
study to examine the influences of seasonal changes on livestock keeping in a smallholder crop–livestock production system
was carried out in Busia District, western Kenya. The study aimed to obtain a picture of yearly variations in household activities
and resources, as a means of understanding decisions made by households regarding animal health management, and household
times of vulnerability in terms of losing animals. Data collection coincided with the three main seasons in the study area.
Information on (inter alia) seasonal livelihood activities, animal health care expenses, numbers of disease episodes and livestock
movements into and out of households was collected using questionnaires and participatory rural appraisal methodologies. Farmers
suggested clear and consistent seasonal changes and events, but data analyses did not show the patterns expected in relation
to livestock keeping. Important observations were made in relation to livestock disease episodes and the use of veterinary
services; livestock disease episodes were higher during the long rains than in the dry season, but more money was spent during
the dry season when numbers of disease episodes were low, and more households also used professional veterinary services during
this season (χ
2 = 81.47, P < 0.001). In both study years, a higher proportion of households treated animals themselves during the rainy seasons (z = −2.4, P = 0.02; z = −5.03, P < 0.001). 相似文献
9.
A study was carried out to evaluate the influence of vitamin and trace mineral supplementation on milk production and composition
in grazing dairy ewes during the dry season. Ewes (n = 50) were assigned at weaning to blocks and treatments. Ewes were daily conducted (8 h/day) on a pasture based on Italian
ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). At fold, ewes received a basal diet composed by ad libitum oat hay and a definite amount of a pelleted concentrate. Dietary
treatments included: (1) the control concentrate containing background of vitamin and trace mineral only, and (2) the experimental
concentrate containing the premix supplement (10 g/kg of dry matter). Vitamin and trace mineral supplementation did not affect
ewes’ body weight. Milk, fat- and protein-corrected milk, fat percentage, and clotting properties were improved in ewes fed
supplemented concentrate. There was a week × treatment interaction (P < 0.05) for yield of milk and corrected milk that was greatest at peak production in ewes fed the premix. Our findings indicate
that in grazing dairy ewe, the dietary vitamin and trace mineral supplementation during dry season led to an increase of milk
production and quality, with positive improvement in milk clotting aptitude. 相似文献
10.
B.L. Munday B.V.Sc. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(5):129-133
Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of a dry-cow antibiotic preparation containing cloxacillin plus ampicillin in a formulation that gives a 10-week duration of action, in comparison to products containing cephalonium (10-week action) or cloxacillin alone (7-week action). Methods: A total of 493 cows were selected from 6 spring-calving dairy herds in the Manawatu region of New Zealand, according to the criteria of the SAMM plan, to receive intramammary antibiotic therapy at the end of lactation (drying off). Cows were randomly allocated to receive 1 of the 3 dry-cow antibiotic products under investigation. Cows were examined twice during the dry period and twice daily during the first 10 days of their subsequent lactation for the presence of mastitis. Milk samples were collected from individual quarters at the time of drying off and at 7 and 28-35 days after calving, for determination of milk somatic cell counts (SCC). Bacteriology was carried out on milk samples taken from cows that developed mastitis during the first 10 days after calving. Results: No cows developed mastitis during the dry period. Sixteen cows developed clinical mastitis within 10 days of calving; there was no difference in incidence between treatments. Streptococcus uberis was the most commonly isolated organism. Mean SCC on Day 7 were lower (p = 0.019) in cephalonium-treated quarters (189.9 ± 28.4 × 103 cells/ml) than in cloxacillin-treated quarters (388.7 ± 71.2 x 103 cells/ml); values in quarters receiving cloxacillin plus ampicillin were intermediate (252.0 ± 47.0 × 103 cells/ml). SCC were similar between treatment groups on Day 28–35. Conclusions: The use of a combination of cloxacillin plus ampicillin was effective for the prevention of mastitis during the dry- and peri-calving-periods in pastured dairy cattle. 相似文献
11.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of day length on seminal characteristics, testicular size, sexual behaviour
and testosterone (T4) concentration in Pelibuey rams subjected to different semen collection frequencies. Eighteen intact
males were assigned randomly to one of two semen collection frequencies: in the high rate (HR) treatment, two ejaculations
per week were obtained from each ram; one ejaculation every two weeks was collected under the low rate (LR) treatment. All
animals were housed individually in contiguous 5 m × 5 m wire mesh pens and evaluated over a 12-month period. At the beginning
of the experiment rams were 20 months old and 40–50 kg in weight. All rams ejaculated and produced semen throughout the year.
Semen volume, sperm per ejaculation, testicular circumference and testicular volume were significantly (p < 0.05) greater during short days in all rams, regardless of the semen collection frequency, with the exception of sperm
concentration, for which no variation was found in HR individuals, and reaction time and T4 levels, for which no variation was found in LR males. Rams subjected to HR collection were more affected by the short-day
photoperiod than rams collected twice per week, exhibiting greater reduction (p < 0.05) in time to achieve their first ejaculation and in sperm per ejaculation, as well as greater increases (p < 0.05) in T4 concentration than LR rams (14.65 ± 1.22 vs 23.53 ± 5.34 s, (3.37 ± 0.17) × 109 vs (3.52 ± 0.20) × 109 sperm and 8.68 ± 0.44 vs 6.85 ± 0.74 ng/ml, respectively). It was concluded that: (a) the magnitude of the seasonal effects
was not sufficient to prevent the rams being used for breeding throughout the year, and (b) seasonal variation within variables
was affected differently between semen collection frequencies. 相似文献
12.
J. D. Keyyu A. A. Kassuku N. C. Kyvsgaard J. Monrad 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(6):555-565
A longitudinal demonstration project was carried out in 2005/2006 for thirteen months to determine the effectiveness of a
strategic community-based worm control (CBWC) programme in the control of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes and Fasciola gigantica in cattle. Two villages namely, a CBWC village (Ilula-Masukanzi) and a village without CBWC (Kilolo-Luganga) were randomly
selected in Kilolo district, Iringa region of Tanzania. Animals in both villages were under the traditional management system
and used the village communal grazing area. At the village with CBWC, 60 zebu cattle (6–18 months old) from 10 farms in the
village were selected and ear tagged for monthly sampling and weghing. A strategic CBWC programme was instituted whereby all
animals in the village (tagged and non-tagged) were treated with albendazole 10% drench at 10 mg/kg four times a year e.g.
middle of the rainy season (February), end of the rainy season (May), middle of the dry season (September) and late dry/early
rainy season (December). In the village without CBWC, 68 zebu cattle (6–18 months old) from 11 farms in the village were selected
and tagged for monthly sampling and weighing. Farmers in the village without CBWC were allowed to continue with their normal
management practices including anthelmintic treatments. Faecal and blood samples from tagged animals and pasture samples from
communal grazing areas were collected on monthly basis for 13 months. Results showed that strategic CBWC programme was highly
effective in reducing faecal egg counts (FEC) and the proportion of animals passing Fasciola eggs in faeces. The strategic CBWC significantly reduced FEC of animals by an average of 60% compared to animals at the village
without CBWC (P < 0.01). Four strategic CBWC treatments per year significantly reduced the proportion of animals passing Fasciola eggs in faeces by an average of 82.5% compared to animals at the village without CBWC (P < 0.05). From commencement to the
end of the trial, animals at the village with CBWC significantly outgained animals at the village without CBWC by an average
of 13.9 kg per year (P < .05). It is concluded that strategic CBWC programme was highly effective in reducing FEC, reducing
the proportion of animals passing Fasciola eggs in faeces and improved weight gain in animals. 相似文献
13.
14.
Lachhman D. Singla Prayag D. Juyal Narinder S. Sharma 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):589-595
To assess the immunosuppressive effect of Trypanosoma evansi infection in buffalo-calves on immune responses to heterologous antigen, the study was planned to examine the responses of
haemorrhagic septicaemia vaccination in simultaneously and previously (80 days before vaccination) T. evansi-infected buffalo-calves. Eight buffalo-calves were divided into three groups. Buffalo-calves of group A (n = 3) were previously (80 days before primary vaccination with haemorrhagic septicaemia [HS] vaccine) infected with T. evansi (1 × 107 tryps.calf−1; sc) and that of group B (n = 3) were infected with T. evansi
(1 × 107 tryps.calf−1; sc) on the day of primary vaccination with HS vaccine. Two healthy uninfected control calves given only HS vaccine were
kept in group C. All the buffalo-calves were given a booster dose of vaccine 21 days post-primary vaccination (PPV). Twenty
eight days PPV, animals of group A were given trypanocidal quinapyramine prosalt at 6.66 mg kg−1. Immunosuppressive effect of T. evansi infection was evident from day 7 PPV with HS vaccine. The effect was more pronounced in previously T. evansi-infected buffalo-calves as compared with simultaneously infected buffalo-calves. Group A buffalo-calves appeared to have
recovered from the immunosuppressive effect after 28 days post-trypanocidal treatment as observed by humoral and cell-mediated
immune responses. Immunosuppressive effect to HS vaccination was observed in T. evansi-infected buffalo-calves, and trypanocidal therapy enabled the calves to mount the responses similar to uninfected controls. 相似文献
15.
Miranda-de la Lama GC Villarroel M Campo Mdel M Olleta JL Sañudo C María GA 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):21-27
The objective of the current study was to analyse the effects of double transport and season on sensorial aspects of lamb's
meat quality in dry climates. A total of 144 lambs were sampled in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design, testing three types of double
transport along the residence time at a pre-slaughter classification centre or CC (0, 7 and 28 days) and two seasons (summer
and winter), with two replicates in each season. Meat from the M. longissimus was analysed in terms of pH and WHC and tasted by a trained sensory panel in terms of lamb odour intensity, tenderness, juiciness,
lamb flavour intensity, fat flavour intensity, liver flavour intensity, metallic flavour intensity and overall liking. Meat
sensorial quality traits were not significantly affected by double transport. Season had a significant (P < 0.001) effect on all variables analysed, except for lamb flavour intensity and overall liking. Interactions between the
fixed effects were not significant, with the exception of tenderness. Season significantly affects several sensorial variables,
and they seem to be independent of double transport, with the exception of tenderness. 相似文献
16.
CASE HISTORY: An increase in the bulk somatic cell count (BSCC) of up to 1,000 × 103 cells/ml occurred in a dairy herd in Israel at the end of 2001 and beginning of 2002. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Bacteriological examination of milk from 69 cows revealed a high prevalence of Streptococcus group G bacteria, identified as S. canis, affecting 38% of cows and 20% of all quarters. Isolates were sensitive to cephalothin and moderately sensitive to penicillin G. Infected cows were separated from the herd, treated with intramammary antibiotics, milked last, and strict hygiene practices were introduced to the milking routine. The pathogen was cleared from the herd and BSCC decreased to 250-350 × 103 cells/ml after 6 months. DIAGNOSIS: Streptococcus canis mastitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Streptococcus canis infection may cause subclinical mastitis and high bulk SCC in dairy herds and be resolved by treatment with intramammary antibiotics and the introduction of strict hygiene practices. 相似文献
17.
A study was conducted for two consecutive years (1998–1999) to determine the seasonal patterns of strongyle infection in working
donkeys of Ethiopia. For the purpose 2385 donkeys from midland and lowland areas were examined for the presence of parasitic
ova. A hundred percent prevalence of strongyle infection with similar seasonal pattern of strongyle faecal worm egg output
was obtained in all study areas. However, seasonal variations in the number of strongyle faecal worm egg output were observed
in all areas. The highest mean faecal worm egg outputs were recorded during the main rainy season (June to October) in both
years in all areas. Although an increase in the mean strongyle faecal egg output was obtained in the short rainy season (March–April)
followed by a drop in the short dry season (May), there was no statistically significant difference between the short rainy
season and long dry season (Nov–Feb) (P > 0.05). A statistically significant difference however, was obtained between the
main rainy season and short rainy season, and between the main rainy season and dry season (P < 0.05). Based on the results
obtained it is suggested that the most economical and effective control of strongyles can be achieved by strategic deworming
programme during the hot dry pre-main rainy season (May), when the herbage coverage is scarce and helminthologically ‘sterile’,
and the arrested development of the parasites is suppose to be terminating. This could insure the greatest proportion of the
existing worm population to be exposed to anthelmintic and also reduces pasture contamination and further infection in the
subsequent wet season. 相似文献
18.
Kumar V Kumar P Mohan K Sarkar M Suresh KP Chauhan MS Prakash BS 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(3):669-674
The objective of this study was to elucidate the changes in circulating levels of plasma interleukin-8 (IL-8) during peripartum
period in Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). IL-8 was estimated in blood plasma of healthy peripartum Murrah buffaloes (n = 6) on days ±30, ±15, ±5, ±3, ±1 and 0 pre- and postpartum with respect to the day of parturition (day 0) in each of the
two different seasons (hot–humid and spring). The mean microclimate Temperature–Humidity Index (THI) during spring season
was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than the corresponding THI in hot–humid season. In both the seasons, plasma IL-8 remained lower in prepartum period
(≤46.56 ± 14.08 pg/ml during spring and ≤ 73.18 ± 18.56 pg/ml during hot–humid season) than in the postpartum period (≥51.41 ± 13.82 pg/ml
during spring and ≥ 84.13 ± 16.97 pg/ml in hot humid season). During spring, the IL-8 levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) on days +5 and +15 postpartum in comparison to the IL-8 levels on days −30, −5, and −3 prepartum. During hot–humid
season, IL-8 level was significantly higher (P < 0.05) on day +30 as compared to the IL-8 levels on days −30 and −5 prepartum. The correlation between IL-8 and mean microclimate
THI was significant (r = 0.25, P < 0.01). From the results, it is concluded that peripartum period in buffaloes is associated with an inflammatory response
leading to significantly higher plasma IL-8 during parturition and postpartum period than in the pre-partum period. 相似文献
19.
Ahmad S Yaqoob M Bilal MQ Muhammad G Yang LG Khan MK Tariq M 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):107-112
A cross-sectional study was conducted in desert environment of Jhang (Pakistan) from November 2008 to October 2009 on she-camels
kept under pastoralist conditions to determine the prevalence of mastitis, impact of risk factors, and isolate the dominant
mastitis-causing bacteria on total of 150 lactating she-camels by using clinical examination and surf field mastitis test.
From the 150 she-camels examined, 69 (46%) were positive for mastitis at animal level, 12 (8%) clinical, and 57 (38%) subclinical.
Age, parity number, stage of lactation, breed, production system, hygiene of milking process, and presence of lesion on udder/teat
were found significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the prevalence of mastitis in she-camels. There was the lowest prevalence (33.33%; 15 of 45) of mastitis in
she-camels of 5–7 years of age, while the highest (80%; 12 of 15) in the animals aged between 14 to 16 years. Stage of lactation
significantly affected (p < 0.05) and was found to be associated with the prevalence of mastitis being the highest (54.55%; 18 of 33) during the initial
stage of lactation (0 to 1 month) followed by last 2 months (10–12 months) as 54.17% and mid-stages (1–3 and 3–10 months)
of lactation as 28.57% (6 of 21) and 37.50% (9 of 24), respectively. According to breed of camels, it was noted that the prevalence
of mastitis affected significantly (p < 0.05) being the highest in crossbred (Desi × Mareecha) as 51.39% (37 of 72) followed in order by Mareecha and Desi as 43.14%
and 37.04%, respectively. Staphylococcus (42.19%) and Streptococcus (15.63%) genera were the dominant isolates identified. Good hygiene in milking process, milking clinically infected she-camels
at last, culling chronic mastitis carriers, treating clinically infected she-camels, and dry period therapy could reduce the
prevalence of contagious mastitis in the study area. 相似文献
20.
Probiotics of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Aspergillus niger and three commercial exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) were tested in vitro to select best source and optimum dose followed
by in vivo studies on male buffalo calves. Bacterial (P < 0.001) and protozoal population were increased significantly (P < 0.001) with probiotics and EFE. In vitro dry matter digestibility was more (P < 0.001) on L. acidophilus and then on S. cerevisiae. Dose required for L. acidophilus and S. cerevisiae probiotics was 1 × 109 and 3 × 109 cfu/flask, respectively. Cellulase and xylanase were effective at 4,000 and 12,500 IU/kg DM. In vitro cell wall digestibility
was increased (P < 0.001) when probiotics and EFE were used together. Best source and optimum dose of probiotics and EFE were fed to 18 male
buffalo calves with concentrate supplement (CS). Calves were randomly divided into three groups either without probiotics
and EFE (CG) or with probiotics (EG1) or probiotics combined with EFE (EG2) on wheat straw diet. Organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber digestibility was improved significantly.
Average daily weight gain (ADG) and feed efficiency were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in EG2 than EG1 or CG. Final body weight was 4% and 12% and feed efficiency was 2.6% or 1.6% more (P < 0.001) in EG2 compared to CG or EG1, respectively. Fortification of CS with probiotics and EFE together had more impact on FE and ADG in buffalo calves. 相似文献