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1.
Effects of oxypolygelatin and dextran 70 on hemostatic variables in dogs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Objective To evaluate and compare coagulation variables following the administration of oxypolygelatin and dextran 70 to clinically healthy dogs. Study design Randomized cross‐over experimental study. Animals A total of eight healthy adult female Beagles aged 2–4 years old and weighing 11.8 ± 2.7 kg. Methods The dogs received a 15‐minute intravenous (IV) infusion of 5 mL kg?1 oxypolygelatin or 10 mL kg?1 6% dextran 70. Before (PRE) and at 2, 5, and 24 hours after administration, packed cell volume (PCV), total solids concentration (TS), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen concentration (FIB), platelet numbers (Plat), factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C), von Willebrand factor antigen concentration (vWf:Ag) and platelet function and buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) were measured. Platelet function was assessed using aggregation and by measuring ATP release from aggregating platelets over 6 minutes, with 20, 10, and 5 µm ADP and 5 and 10 µg of collagen mL?1 as platelet activation agonists. Results All baseline values were within our normal ranges, except for one dog that had low vWf:Ag PRE values prior to both dextran and oxypolygelatin administration. Following dextran and oxypolygelatin administration, the PCV and TP were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. Plat, FIB, and vWf:Ag decreased, while BMBT and VIII:C increased following dextran administration. Dextran also caused a significant decrease in platelet aggregation in response to ADP. Oxypolygelatin caused a significant decrease in vWf:Ag, Plat, and FIB compared to PRE values. The total amount of ATP released, standardized to platelet number, did not vary significantly for either group at any sampling time from PRE values. No significant changes from PRE values were noted at any time in either group for PT or APTT. Conclusion At the doses administered, both dextran and oxypolygelatin can interfere with hemostatic variables in healthy dogs, but dextran's effect is more profound and prolonged when compared to oxypolygelatin. Clinical relevance Oxypolygelatin causes fewer hemostatic abnormalities when compared to dextran, making it a superior colloid for administration at the doses tested.  相似文献   

2.
Levothyroxine administration has been suggested to be an effective treatment for canine von Willebrand disease (vWd), but evidence supporting this treatment is lacking. Effects of levothyroxine administration were evaluated in 8 euthyroid Doberman Pinschers with plasma von Willebrand factor (vWf) concentrations < 15%, characteristic of type 1 vWd. Levothyroxine (0.04 mg/kg PO q12h) and placebo were administered for 30 days in a 2-period, 2-treatment, double-blinded, crossover design with a 30-day washout period between treatments. Buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT), plasma vWf concentration (vWf: Ag), vWf collagen binding activity (vWf:CBA), factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIII:C), and serum concentrations of total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (fT4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured on days 0, 2, and 30 of each treatment period. The 8 dogs (1 male, 7 females) had markedly low plasma vWf:Ag (mean, 8.9%; reference range, 70-180%) and vWf:CBA (mean, 11.1%; reference range, >70%). Response to placebo versus levothyroxine treatment was not significantly different between groups at day 0, 2, or 30 for BMBT, vWf:Ag, vWf:CBA, and FVIII:C. Serum T4, fT4, and T3 concentrations were significantly higher and serum TSH significantly lower in the levothyroxine-treated group than in the placebo group at days 2 and 30. Administration of levothyroxine at 0.04 mg/kg caused laboratory evidence of hyperthyroidism but did not affect plasma FVIII:C and vWf:Ag concentrations or vWf-dependent collagen binding and BMBT. The results of this study failed to identify a direct action of levothyroxine supplementation on plasma vWf concentration or activity in euthyroid Doberman Pinschers with vWd.  相似文献   

3.
ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare hemostatic variables and clinical bleeding following the administration of 6% hetastarch (600/0.75) or lactated Ringer’s solution (LRS) to dogs anesthetized for orthopedic surgery.Study designRandomized blinded prospective study.AnimalsFourteen, healthy adult mixed-breed hound dogs of either sex, aged 11–13 months, and weighing 20.8 ± 1.2 kg.MethodsThe dogs were randomly assigned to receive a 10 mL kg?1 intravenous (IV) bolus of either 6% hetastarch (600/0.75) or LRS over 20 minutes followed by a maintenance infusion of LRS (10 mL kg?1hour?1) during anesthesia. Before (Baseline) and at 1 and 24 hours after bolus administration, packed cell volume (PCV), total protein concentration (TP), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), von Willebrand’s factor antigen concentration (vWF:Ag), factor VIII coagulant activity (F VIII:C), platelet count, platelet aggregation, colloid osmotic pressure (COP) and buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) were measured. In addition a surgeon who was blinded to the treatments assessed bleeding from the incision site during the procedure and at 1 and 24 hours after the bolus administration.ResultsFollowing hetastarch or LRS administration, the PCV and TP decreased significantly 1-hour post-infusion. APTT did not change significantly compared to baseline in either treatment group, but the PT was significantly longer at 1-hour post-infusion than at 24 hours in both groups. No significant change was detected for vWF:Ag, FVIII:C, platelet aggregation or clinical bleeding in either group. The BMBT increased while platelet count decreased significantly at 1-hour post-infusion in both groups. The COP decreased significantly in both treatment groups 1-hour post-infusion but was significantly higher 1-hour post-infusion in the hetastarch group compared to the LRS group.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAt the doses administered, both hetastarch and LRS can alter hemostatic variables in healthy dogs. However, in these dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery, neither fluid was associated with increased clinical bleeding.  相似文献   

4.
The buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and intraoperative bleeding score (IBS) of 38 dogs that underwent orthopaedic surgical procedures and received meloxicam orally and/or parenterally were measured. Fourteen of the dogs (group A) received a single subcutaneous dose of 0.2 mg/kg meloxicam at premedication, 18 dogs (group B) received 0.1 mg/kg meloxicam orally daily for five days followed by a single subcutaneous dose of 0.2 mg/kg meloxicam preoperatively, and six dogs (group C) received 0.5 ml of normal saline subcutaneously at premedication. No statistically significant differences among the groups were detected in relation to the mean (SD) values of BMBT, PT and IBS before and after the surgery, or in the values of APTT in group A. In group B there was a small but significant increase in APTT after the surgery, but all the measurements were within the normal range for dogs.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a single intravenous (IV) fluid bolus on the hydration of an avian patient, using packed cell volume (PCV) and plasma total solids (TS) to estimate hydration. PROCEDURE: Ten birds were allocated randomly to one of three groups, and administered 30 mL/kg or 50 mL/kg intravenous fluid, or were part of a control group and did not receive IV fluid. Blood was collected before the IV fluid bolus was administered, and at 1 minute, 3 hours and 6 hours after administration of the fluid. Samples were used to determine PCV and TS and results were compared between groups and between the different time points. RESULTS: Administration of 30 mL/kg or 50 mL/kg compound sodium lactate solution caused a statistically significant decrease in PCV. Within 3 hours, the PCV was not significantly different to the initial value or to the PCV of control birds. Administration of 30 mL/kg compound sodium lactate solution did not result in a significant decrease in TS. However, administration of 50 mL/kg produced a significant decrease in TS, which was still significantly less than controls 6 hours after the fluid was administered. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that an intravenous bolus of fluid may be safely administered to an anaemic bird, since PCV is significantly decreased for less than 3 hours. Up to 50 mL/kg of fluid may be administered as an intravenous bolus to a bird, to produce significant haemodilution that persists for up to 6 hours.  相似文献   

6.
The effects of hypertonic saline solution (HTSS) combined with colloids on hemostatic analytes were studied in 15 dogs. The analytes evaluated included platelet counts, one-stage prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, von Willebrand's factor antigen (vWf:Ag), and buccal mucosa bleeding times. The dogs were anesthetized, and jugular phlebotomy was used to induced hypovolemia (mean arterial blood pressure = 50 mm of Hg). Treatment dogs (n = 12) were resuscitated by infusion (6 ml/kg of body weight) of 1 of 3 solutions: HTSS combined with 6% dextran 70, 6% hetastarch, or 10% pentastarch. The control dogs (n = 3) were autotransfused. Hemostatic analytes were evaluated prior to induction of hypovolemia (baseline) and then after resuscitation (after 30 minutes of sustained hypovolemia) at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 6 and 24 hours. All treatment dogs responded rapidly and dramatically to resuscitation with hypertonic solutions. Clinically apparent hemostatic defects (epistaxis, petechiae, hematoma) were not observed in any dog. All coagulation variables evaluated, with the exception of vWf:Ag, remained within reference ranges over the 24-hour period. The vWf:Ag values were not statistically different than values from control dogs, and actual values were only slightly lower than reference ranges. Significant (P < or = 0.04) differences were detected for one-stage prothrombin time, but did not exceed reference ranges. The results of this study suggested that small volume HTSS/colloid solutions do not cause significant alterations in hemostatic analytes and should be considered for initial treatment of hypovolemic or hemorrhagic shock.  相似文献   

7.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of preanesthetic administration of acetylpromazine or morphine and fluids on urine production, arginine vasopressin (AVP; previously known as antidiuretic hormone) concentrations, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), plasma osmolality (Osm), PCV, and concentration of total solids (TS) during anesthesia and surgery in dogs. ANIMALS: 19 adult dogs. PROCEDURE: Concentration of AVP, indirect MAP, Osm, PCV, and concentration of TS were measured at 5 time points (before administration of acetylpromazine or morphine, after administration of those drugs, after induction of anesthesia, 1 hour after the start of surgery, and 2 hours after the start of surgery). Urine output and end-tidal halothane concentrations were measured 1 and 2 hours after the start of surgery. All dogs were administered lactated Ringer's solution (20 ml/kg of body weight/h, i.v.) during surgery. RESULTS: Compared with values for acetylpromazine, preoperative administration of morphine resulted in significantly lower urine output during the surgical period. Groups did not differ significantly for AVP concentration, Osm, MAP, and end-tidal halothane concentration; however, PCV and concentration of TS decreased over time in both groups and were lower in dogs given acetylpromazine. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Preanesthetic administration of morphine resulted in significantly lower urine output, compared with values after administration of acetylpromazine, which cannot be explained by differences in AVP concentration or MAP When urine output is used as a guide for determining rate for i.v. administration of fluids in the perioperative period, the type of preanesthetic agent used must be considered.  相似文献   

8.
Stability of hemostatic proteins in canine fresh frozen plasma units   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Abstract: The stability of hemostatic proteins, including coagulation factors II, VII, VIII, IX, and X and von Willebrand factor (vWf), in canine fresh frozen plasma (FFP) units stored for up to 1 year was studied. Plasma units from 7 donor dogs were subjected to 4 treatments following collection, including storage at −30°C for 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year and storage at −20°C for 6 months. Coagulant factor activity and vWf concentrations were measured at these times. Significant differences between prestorage and poststorage values were noted for factors VIII, IX, and X, and vWf. Differences seemed to be least pronounced for plasma stored for 3 months; however, a significant interaction between prestorage and poststorage differences and the 4 treatment groups could not be demonstrated. On the basis of factor content in the present study, 15–20 mL/kg of FFP stored for up to 1 year was capable of providing approximately 10–15 U/kg of vWf and factors VIII, IX, X, and II, whereas 10 mL/kg FFP provided at least 10 U/kg of factor VII.  相似文献   

9.
This study was conducted to determine the relationship between factor VIII (FVIII) activity and von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf:Ag) concentration in canine von Willebrand Disease (vWD). In addition, the clinical utility of measuring FVIII activity in vWD was assessed. This was performed by the concurrent analysis of both FVIII activity and vWf:Ag concentration in three breeds of dogs, namely Dobermans (n=183), Scottish Terriers (n=169), and Labrador Retrievers (n=146). In the three breeds tested, linear regression analysis illustrated a positive relationship between FVIII activity and vWf:Ag concentration. This was reaffirmed in the Doberman and Scottish Terrier breeds, in which dogs with vWf:Ag concentrations < 50 CU/dL ("carriers") had lower median FVIII activities than dogs with vWf:Ag concentrations > 70 CU/dL ("normals"). The determination of various FVIII "cut-off" values was a poor test to separate Dobermans with and without clinical signs of hemorrhage attributable to vWD. In addition, the occurrence of hemorrhage in Dobermans with vWf:Ag concentrations < 50 CU/dL was not influenced by the FVIII activity. Various tests were performed to determine if the measurement of FVIII activity aided in the identification of "carriers" of the vWD gene in the Doberman and Scottish Terrier breeds. These included the use of optimal FVIII "cut-off" values for each breed and a FVIII "cut-off" value of 55 CU/dL; FVIII/vWf:Ag ratios and FVIII/vWf:Ag ratio "cut-off" values; and linear regression analysis of vWf:Ag concentration against FVIII activity. Of all these tests, only the determination of FVIII/vWf:Ag ratios appeared to have promise for "carrier" detection. The data in the present study indicated that routine FVIII assessment in vWD is not warranted; however, measurement of FVIII activity may be of use in confirming the "carrier" status of vWD.  相似文献   

10.
Effects of desmopressin acetate (1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin [DDAVP]) on plasma von Willebrand factor (vWf) were studied in 12 purebred Doberman pinschers confirmed to have von Willebrand's disease (vWd) (plasma vWf antigen [vWf:Ag] concentrations, less than 30 U/dl). Twelve dogs had subnormal plasma botrocetin cofactor (BCf) activity and 11 dogs had prolonged buccal mucosa bleeding times. Tranquilization of three dogs with lenperone and three dogs with xylazine did not induce significant changes in mean plasma vWf:Ag concentrations or mean BCf activities. Thirty and 120 minutes after administration of DDAVP (1 micrograms/kg subcutaneously), there was significant shortening of the mean buccal mucosa bleeding time. Ten dogs responded to DDAVP with increases in BCf activity which exceeded 10 U/dl at 30 or 120 minutes, or both, after the drug was administered. At the same time, increases in plasma vWf:Ag concentrations were smaller than the increases in BCf activity. It was shown by multimeric analysis that primarily the higher molecular weight forms of vWf increased in plasma in response to DDAVP.  相似文献   

11.
To evaluate the hemostatic effects of desmopressin (DDAVP) in dogs with aspirin-induced platelet dysfunction and hemostatic impairment in chronic liver diseases, 3 microg/kg DDAVP was administrated subcutaneously. In aspirin-induced platelet dysfunction dogs (n=5), prolonged BMBT (buccal mucosal bleeding time) was shortened significantly after DDAVP injection (2.2 +/- 1.2 min, P<0.05). In dogs with chronic liver diseases (n=4), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) tended to shorten by 0.9 to 3.0 sec, and prolonged BMBT was shortened in two cases for 4.2 and 1.7 min after DDAVP injection. Therefore, the present results indicated that DDAVP shortened the prolonged BMBT in dogs with aspirin-induced platelet dysfunction and chronic liver disease. DDAVP might be helpful in hemostasis under invasive procedures such as biopsy or surgery for dogs with hemostatic impairment.  相似文献   

12.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of 2 analgesic protocols (preoperative meloxicam or intraoperative ketoprofen administration) during the first 24 hours after orthopedic surgery in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Double-blind, prospective randomized clinical trial. ANIMALS: Sixty client-owned dogs. METHODS: Dogs with surgical orthopedic disorders were randomly separated into 2 groups: 30 dogs were administered 0.2 mg/kg meloxicam intravenously (IV) immediately before induction and 30 dogs were administered 2 mg/kg ketoprofen IV, 30 minutes before the end of surgery. Pain was assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS) and a cumulative pain score (CPS) preoperatively and at 30 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours after extubation. Selected serum biochemical variables were measured before and 24 hours after surgery and, buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) and whole blood clotting time (WBCT) were measured before and 8 hours after surgery. Dogs were anesthetized with propofol and maintained on halothane in oxygen. Any complications were documented for 7 days after surgery. Results were compared between the 2 groups for significant differences in VAS scores (2-sample t-test) and in CPS (Wilcoxon's 2-sample test). Moreover, results were analyzed for significant differences in area under the curve (AUC) for VAS (2-sample t-test) and CPS (Wilcoxon's 2-sample test) among groups. To assess the effects of treatments on biochemical and coagulation functions, pre- and postoperative mean values of BMBT and WBCT were compared within both treatment groups (paired t-tests) and between both groups (2-sample t-test). RESULTS: No significant differences in pain response or coagulation were found between meloxicam- and ketoprofen-treated dogs. In both groups, alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase concentrations were significantly increased compared with baseline. No serious complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative administration of meloxicam is a safe and effective method of controlling postoperative pain for up to 24 hours in dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analgesia after administration of preoperative meloxicam was comparable with administration of ketoprofen at the end of the surgery.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of anesthesia, surgery, and intravenous administration of fluids on plasma concentrations of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), concentration of total solids (TS), PCV, arterial blood pressure (BP), plasma osmolality, and urine output in healthy dogs. ANIMALS: 22 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURE: 11 dogs did not receive fluids, and 11 received 20 ml of lactated Ringer's solution/kg of body weight/h. Plasma ADH adn TS concentrations, PCV, osmolality, and arterial BP were measured before anesthesia (T0) and after administration of preanesthetic agents (T1), induction of anesthesia (T2), and 1 and 2 hours of surgery (T3 and T4, respectively). Urine output was measured at T3 and T4. RESULTS: ADH concentrations increased at T1, T3, and T4, compared with concentrations at T0. Concentration of TS and PCV decreased at all times after administration of preanesthetic drugs. Plasma ADH concentration was less at T3 in dogs that received fluids, compared with those that did not. Blood pressure did not differ between groups, and osmolality did not increase > 1% from To value at any time. At T4, rate of urine production was less in dogs that did not receive fluids, compared with those that did. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Plasma ADH concentration increased and PCV and TS concentration decreased in response to anesthesia and surgery. Intravenous administration of fluids resulted in increased urine output but had no effect on ADH concentration or arterial BP. The causes and effects of increased plasma ADH concentrations may affect efficacious administration of fluids during the perioperative period in dogs.  相似文献   

14.
Here we report the comparative efficacy of fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) and Cryoprecipitate in the treatment of 2 inherited bleeding disorders in dogs. The dogs were divided into 3 groups, consisting of 4 Doberman Pinschers with type I von Willebrand's disease (vWD) (group I), 1 Scottish Terrier with type III vWD (group 2), and 4 German Shepherd Dogs with hemophilia A (group 3). In vWD, therapeutic efficacy was determined by the ability of the products to increase von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf:Ag) concentrations above 35 canine units (CU)/dL and to correct the prolonged buccal mucosal bleeding time. Therapeutic efficacy in hemophilia A was assessed by the ability of the products to increase the factor VIII coagulant (FVIII:C) activity above 30 CU/dL. In both groups 1 and 2, higher increases in vWf:Ag were achieved with Cryoprecipitate than with FFP, despite a significantly smaller total amount of vWf:Ag (in CU) being infused with Cryoprecipitate. The maximum vWf:Ag attained after infusion in group 1 was dependent on both the baseline vWf:Ag concentration and on the type of infusion product. The dogs with vWD in both groups also displayed a delayed increase in FVIII:C activity after infusion of both plasma products, which is characteristic of the disease. In group 3, Cryoprecipitate achieved similar increases in FVIII:C activity compared to FFP, although a significantly lesser amount of FVIII:C (in CU) was delivered with Cryoprecipitate. Six of the 9 dogs treated with FFP experienced adverse effects ranging from mild pruritus to pallor and weakness, whereas none of the 9 dogs treated with Cryoprecipitate had any observable adverse reactions ( P = .009). Based on its efficacy and safety, we recommend Cryoprecipitate over FFP for treatment or prophylaxis of hemorrhagic episodes in dogs with vWD or hemophilia A.  相似文献   

15.
In the present study, six commercial reagents for the determination of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were compared with respect to their factor VIII:C and factor IX sensitivity for measurements of canine plasma. For this purpose, plasma with different levels of factor VIII:C or factor XI activity (100, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 15, and 10% [factor VIII:C: additionally 5%]) was prepared by mixing pool plasma with plasma of dogs with haemophilia A or B. Double measurements of three different sample mixtures were carried out for each activity level. The sensitivity of the reagents was measured first based on the ratios of the coagulation time to the 100% values. In addition, the single factor activity (F VIII:C/IX(X0.975)), whose accompanying APTT corresponded to the upper limit of the reference range (97.5%-quantile, n = 50) of the respective reagent, was determined graphically. The APTT reflected a decrease of factor IX activity generally more sensitive than a reduction of factor IX activity of an identical degree. Based on ratios distant differences respecting factor VIII:C and factor IX sensitivity were found between different reagents using two way analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Significant differences between various reagents were also found with respect to the F VIII:C(X0.975) and the F IX(X0.975). These corresponded to values between 27 and 50% or 32 and 64%, respectively, dependent on the reagent. As a result, the more sensitive reagents fulfilled the demands on the sensitivity of APTT in humans. Based on the latter criterion the highest sensitivity for both factors was found for the same reagent (Pathromtin) consisting of kaolin as a contact activator and human placental phospholipid. Respecting all proofed reagents, however, no relation was found between contact activator and single factor sensitivity.  相似文献   

16.
Endometrial tissue and blood serum gentamicin (GT) concentrations were determined in 6 ovariectomized pony mares given intrauterine infusions (50 ml of a 5% commercial aqueous solution of GT) each day for 5 consecutive days. The mares were subjected to the following 3 treatments: (1) GT infusion only (trial A, control); (2) progesterone plus GT (trial B, P + G); and (3) estradiol plus GT (trial C, E + G). Endometrial tissue concentrations of GT (micrograms/g) at 24 and 120 hours were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in trials B (65.54 +/- 15.57 and 100.33 +/- 19.27) and C (73.33 +/- 22.53 and 74.09 +/- 8.60) than in trial A (4.23 +/- 0.70). Endometrial concentration for trial A at 120 hours was also significantly higher than trial A at 24 hours. There was no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) in endometrial concentrations among trials A, B, and C at 120 hours. Serum GT concentrations were significantly lower than endometrial tissue concentrations. The highest serum concentrations of GT found in every trial occurred at 6 hours after each intrauterine infusion of GT. The highest overall serum concentration of GT (micrograms/ml) determined occurred in trial B (8.30 +/- 1.28) at 78 hours. There was no significant difference in serum concentrations of GT between days of treatment, except for trial A at 78 and 102 hours, respectively. Serum concentrations of GT were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than trial A at 30, 54, 78, and 102 hours in trial B, and at 78 and 102 hours in trial C. There was no significant difference in serum concentrations of GT between trials B and C.  相似文献   

17.
The effects of coliform endotoxin (E) and recombinant bovine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) were compared with respect to clinical signs of disease and changes in plasma metabolite and pituitary and pancreatic hormone concentrations in calves. In addition, changes in plasma TNF concentration during each challenge exposure were quantitated by use of radioimmunoassay. Healthy Holstein bull calves with mean body weight of 90 kg were each given, in order, on different days, saline solution (5.0 ml, IV, day 1, n = 4), E (type 055:B5, 1.0 micrograms/kg of body weight IV, day 2, n = 4) and TNF (5.0 micrograms/kg IV, day 9, n = 3). Jugular venous blood samples, rectal temperature reading, and PCV were obtained at hourly intervals before (2 hours) and after challenge exposure. The PCV increased (P less than 0.05) after E and TNF administrations for the first 5 hours, then returned to normal in calves given E, but decreased and remained low in calves given TNF through 24 hours. Plasma triglyceride and nonesterified free fatty acids concentrations were increased through 10 hours (P less than 0.05) after E administration, whereas triglyceride and nonesterified free fatty acids concentrations were not significantly affected by TNF administration. Increase in blood glucose concentration at 1 hour after administration of E and TNF was followed by prolonged hypoglycemia that lasted through 6 hours. Changes in plasma insulin concentration paralleled the observed changes in glucose concentration, initially increased at 2 hours after E and TNF (P less than 0.05) administrations, but then tended to decrease below control values thereafter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

18.
Eight adult male Beagles were given 1 microgram of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP)/kg of body weight, SC or by slow IV infusion on separate occasions. Both routes of administration induced highly significant increases (P less than 0.0001) in plasma concentrations of von Willebrand factor (vWf) antigen (Ag) and botrocetin cofactor (BCf) activity, an indication of platelet-associated vWf activity. In most instances, increases in plasma vWf:Ag and BCf values induced by SC injection were as large as or larger than those induced by slow IV infusion. With both routes of administration, BCf activity increased more than the vWf:Ag concentration, so that high BCf-to-vWf:Ag ratios were found in plasma after DDAVP administration. In plasma samples obtained before DDAVP administration, sodium dodecyl sulfate-electrophoresis resolved the vWf into a series of multimeric proteins with molecular weights similar to those of human vWf. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-electrophoresis of plasma samples obtained after DDAVP administration revealed mainly the larger molecules of vWf that were increased by DDAVP administration.  相似文献   

19.
Objective: To characterize the relationship between clinical estimates of hydration in dogs and cats admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and changes in their body weight following 24–48 hours of fluid therapy. Design: Outcome study. Setting: ICU at a veterinary teaching hospital (VTH). Animals: A total of 151 dogs and 42 cats with various medical disorders that had not had surgery within 48 hours of admission into the ICU were consecutively admitted into the study. Animals with any condition predisposing to excess fluid loss or retention were excluded: heart disease, sepsis, trauma, pancreatitis, pleural or pericardial effusion, ascites, and pathologic oliguria. Animals that acquired any of the following during the observation period were excluded: gastrointestinal fluid loss, edema or diseases predisposing to edema, oliguria, diuretic therapy, and body fluid drainage or hemorrhage. Fluid therapy was ordered based on estimate of hydration at admission. Other treatments were not modified or withheld. Interventions: Physiologic data were collected at the time of admission and 24–48 hours later. Measurements and main results: Hydration was estimated on admission to the ICU using clinical judgement with no supporting laboratory data. Each admitting clinician used this estimate to plan fluid therapy. Fluid therapy was defined as the administration of any enteral or parenteral fluids as well as any decision to withhold fluids. Paired measurements taken on admission and at 24–48 hours included packed cell volume (PCV), total plasma solids (TS), and body weight. Amount and type of fluids or blood products administered were noted. Neither clinician estimates of dehydration nor baseline PCV or TS predicted clinically significant changes in body weight following fluid therapy, and there was no relationship between weight change and changes in PCV or TS. Conclusions: A clinical diagnosis of dehydration in our ICU does not predict weight gain following fluid therapy. Neither baseline PCV/TS nor changes in these measurements following 24–48 hours of fluid therapy predicted changes in body weight.  相似文献   

20.
Blood constituents and vascular volume indices were determined in 5 standing horses by use of 2-period crossover experimental design. Horses were either administered hypertonic (2,400 mosm/kg of body weight, i.v.) or isotonic (300 mosm/kg, i.v.) saline solution. Each solution was administered at a dosage of 5 ml/kg (infusion rate, 80 ml/min). Samples for determination of PCV, plasma volume, blood volume, plasma osmolality, total amount of plasma protein and plasma concentrations of protein, Na, K, and Cl were collected at 0 hour (baseline, before fluid infusion) and 0.5 hour (at the end of fluid infusion), and subsequently, at 0.25- or 0.5-hour intervals for 4.5 hours. All horses were given the predetermined dose of fluids by 0.5 hour after beginning the saline infusion. Values of P < or = 0.05 were considered significant. Administration of hypertonic saline solution was associated with decreased mean body weight by 4.5 hours, but weight change after isotonic saline administration was not significant. Other than body weight and plasma protein concentration, between-trial difference (treatment effect) was not observed for any measured variable or index. The F values indicated that increasing the number of horses would have not changed these results. A time effect was evident across both trials, so that mean (+/- SD) plasma volume increased (12.3 +/- 1.07%) and mean plasma protein concentration (-12.1 +/- 1.03%) and PCV (-11.9 + 0.67%) decreased proportionately and transiently in association with administration of either fluid at that volume. Other time effects included increased plasma osmolality and Na and Cl concentrations. Blood volume estimates and total amount of plasma protein remained unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

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