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台湾的鲸类及其资源保护 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
本文报道了台湾产鲸类29种,其中拟小抹香鲸、矮鲸、白吻原海豚,长吻原海豚为台湾产鲸类新记录,而拟小抹香鲸和矮鲸为中国近海产鲸类新记录。并概述了台湾捕鲸历史和澎湖的海豚渔业,以及对水生野生动物的保护。 相似文献
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国外海豚体内多氯联苯的研究进展与概况 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
综述了20世纪70年代以来有关海豚体内多氯联苯的研究进展和概况。论述了PCBs进入海豚的方式及消除途径；PCBs在海豚体内各组织中的分布特点与差异；PCBs在雌、雄和仔海豚体内的分布特点和转移规律；不同环境条件对海豚PCBs含量及同族物构成影响；PCBs对海豚的有害影响。通过分析表明,PCBs对海洋生态系统的影响还将持续很长时间,国内应进一步加强近岸海域哺乳类动物PCBs的长期污染效应研究,进而更深入地研究其环境行为、归宿和影响效应。 相似文献
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白鲸（Delphinapterus leucas），又俗称贝鲁卡鲸、海金丝雀，隶属于哺乳纲／鲸目／一角鲸科／白鲸属，属大型鲸类的一种，以多变的叫声和丰富的脸部表情闻名，它们全身粉白色，看上去洁白无瑕，是非常富有灵性和梦幻色彩的海洋动物，但因人类的破坏性活动，目前已被定为日渐递减的物种，让我们深入了解这一珍稀动物吧。 相似文献
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分布于南极海的鲸鱼均为大型鲸鱼类，日本是世界上捕捞鲸鱼国家之一，南极海是日本捕鲸母船队作业的主要水域。2000年日本捕捞鲸的头数增至188头，但2003年减至155头(其中包括北太平洋和南极海的鲸鱼)。南极磷虾是南极海鲸类的主要捕食对象， 相似文献
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广东红海湾银杏齿喙鲸鲸脂中多氯联苯的分布特征及其毒性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
多氯联苯(PCBs)对生态环境的污染和对动物体的危害早已引起全球广泛关注,为了解PCBs在中国近岸海域哺乳动物体内的积累状况,本研究采用Agilent 6890N型气相色谱仪、63Ni放射源-Μecd检测器测定了广东红海湾银杏齿喙鲸(Mesoplodon ginkgodens)鲸脂中PCBs的含量水平、组成特征,并对其进行毒性评价.本研究结果对于探讨PCBs的生物地球化学过程以及保护野生水生动物具有重要意义.结果表明,银杏齿喙鲸鲸脂中共检出43种PCBs同系物,PCBs总含量平均为4.4μg/g(湿重),属污染相对较轻水平.PCBs组成以PCB 87为主,相对含量为19.5%;其次是PCB 153(13.9%).运用二(噁)英毒性当量因子(TEFs)评价银杏齿喙鲸鲸脂中PCBs的毒性,其毒性当量值(TEQs)为3 862 pg/g(湿重),与世界其他海域鲸豚TEQs值相比,本研究中的TEQs值相对较高,可能由于非邻位取代的PCB 126(59%)和PCB 169(40%)较高相对含量导致.鲸体中PCBs可能来自工业品中的Aroclor1254,推测中国沿海局部区域废弃的油漆桶、变电装置、电子设备的违章堆放和拆卸,可能是PCBs的主要来源. 相似文献
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There has been much recent discussion about the idea that large whales are potential competitors with fisheries for available marine resources. Based on this idea, often referred to as the ‘whales eat fish’ conflict, culling whales has been proposed as a way to increase resources available for human consumption and thereby ensuring global food security. However, the scientific basis for such arguments remains unclear, especially in the Caribbean waters where baleen whales generally do not feed. In this article, we (i) develop an ecosystem model describing the trophic interactions between whales, fish and fisheries in the Caribbean waters, (ii) calculate the level of overlap between cetaceans and fisheries for food resources, and (iii) simulate the removal of cetaceans from the Caribbean waters in order to quantify the potential increase in available biomass of commercially important fish. Ten groups of cetaceans are considered in the model, including baleen whales, toothed whales and small cetaceans. Our results suggest that baleen whales are not a threat to fisheries in Caribbean waters, while toothed cetaceans seem to be more impacted by fisheries than they actually impacting them. Whales target different types of food resources and consume significantly less than what is taken by fisheries. Moreover, simulated reductions in large whale abundance do not produce any appreciable increase in biomass of the commercially important fish species. In some cases, the presence of some whales actually improves fishery yield as a result of indirect predation effects. 相似文献
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近年来随着国家政策的重视,人们环保意识的提高,针对珍稀濒危水生野生动物,尤其是鲸类动物的保护工作受到越来越多的关注。截至目前,国内相关研究单位针对鲸类动物开展了大量研究,但研究对象主要局限在中华白海豚(Sousa chinensis)和长江江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)。相比较而言,在我国分布范围更广的海洋江豚得到的研究和保护远远不够,亟需开展系统深入的研究工作。鉴于此,本文对江豚的记载、分类和海洋江豚的研究进行了回顾,重点总结了海洋江豚的生态学、生物学、遗传学、声学以及摄食和繁殖等方面的研究进展,对今后的研究和保护重点提出了建议,包括注重基础研究、强化保护区建设、注重保护技术研发和加强宣传教育,以期对未来的工作提供借鉴。 相似文献
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近年来随着国家政策的重视,人们环保意识的提高,针对珍稀濒危水生野生动物,尤其是鲸类动物的保护工作受到越来越多的关注。截至目前,国内相关研究单位针对鲸类动物开展了大量研究,但研究对象主要局限在中华白海豚(Sousa chinensis)和长江江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)。相比较而言,在我国分布范围更广的海洋江豚得到的研究和保护远远不够,亟需开展系统深入的研究工作。鉴于此,本文对江豚的记载、分类和海洋江豚的研究进行了回顾,重点总结了海洋江豚的生态学、生物学、遗传学、声学以及摄食和繁殖等方面的研究进展,对今后的研究和保护重点提出了建议,包括注重基础研究、强化保护区建设、注重保护技术研发和加强宣传教育,以期对未来的工作提供借鉴。 相似文献
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The future of marine citizenship is now: Cetacean conservation in the eyes of young Spanish citizens
- The number of young conservationist movements is increasing worldwide, as new generations become more aware of the environmental problems that are having an impact on the planet. Consequently, young people appear to play a fundamental role in developing successful conservation strategies.
- This research examines young citizens’ knowledge, attitudes and engagement in cetacean conservation in coastal and non-coastal regions of Spain, and assesses the influence of whaling tradition.
- A total of 902 anonymous surveys were conducted with students between 14 and 16 years old at 10 high schools located in nine different study areas, six located along the Cantabrian coast (Southern Bay of Biscay) and three located in inland regions of Spain.
- In general, results showed low levels of knowledge about cetaceans and whaling among young people, but high concern about cetacean conservation. As it was expected, knowledge about the history of whaling was higher in participants from areas with than without a whaling tradition. However, no statistically significant differences were found regarding attitudes towards cetaceans between these two groups.
- Significant differences were detected between genders with respect to cetacean conservation and engagement. Females showed more positive attitudes towards cetaceans when compared with their male counterparts.
- A correlation between knowledge and positive attitudes regarding whales and dolphins was found in areas located along the Cantabrian coast, and a correlation between positive attitudes and engagement in cetacean conservation was observed in all study areas.
- Although the majority of participants showed strong support for the protection of whales and dolphins, less than two-thirds stated that they were willing to engage in cetacean conservation.
- The results of this study may contribute to the implementation of improved marine education programmes. These programmes should not only raise awareness of the marine environment, but also promote pro-environmental behaviour and engagement in the protection of the ocean.
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Simone Tenan Noelia Hernndez Holly Fearnbach Renaud de Stephanis Philippe Verborgh Daniel Oro 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(5):949-958
- The Strait of Gibraltar is an important habitat for cetaceans due to its high marine productivity. However, it is also the second most navigated channel in the world, subjecting cetaceans to a high level of vessel traffic, including an established whale‐watching fleet. Both maritime traffic and whale‐watching activities have been shown to impact the behaviour of cetaceans, but little is known about their impact on the demography and dynamics of cetacean populations.
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of both ferry traffic and whale‐watching vessels on the apparent survival probability of a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population that occurs in the Strait.
- A Bayesian hierarchical mark–recapture modelling approach was applied to 8 years of photo‐identification data (2002–2009). Apparent annual survival probability was negatively correlated with ferry traffic, which explained >70% of temporal variation in survival, in contrast to whale‐watching, the effect of which was almost negligible. Despite these results, other natural and human‐related factors are likely to drive apparent survival in the study area.
- Abundance increased between 2002 and 2005, and then decreased between 2006 and 2009, while local per‐capita recruitment decreased from 2004 until the end of the study period. These shifts correlated temporally with the construction of a large harbour on the Moroccan coast, which increased maritime traffic significantly, including a 40% increase in ferry traffic that regularly transited the Strait.
- These results highlight the need to better understand the impact of maritime traffic on the demography of the dolphin population in the Strait, in order to implement evidence‐based conservation regulations in a region of high cetacean occurrence.
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- 1. In summer 2001, 252 members of the public in south‐west Scotland were interviewed to determine their awareness of, and opinions on, cetacean conservation issues in Scotland. Interviews were conducted in both rural island and coastal communities and a major city. Interviewees were also presented with a list of threats to cetaceans and were asked to gauge how serious they considered these threats to be for cetaceans in the waters of western Scotland.
- 2. Oil spills (43.7%), reduction in available prey (41.8%), marine litter (32%) and sewage bacteria (31.1%) were ranked by most members of the public as being ‘serious threats’.
- 3. Least concern was expressed in relation to whale watching: only 0.8% of respondents considered whale watching to be a serious threat and 51.2% thought that it posed no threat at all.
- 4. In relation to the other threats considered, there was a moderate level of concern about fishery by‐catches and pollution from aquaculture and land‐based sources.
- 5. Levels of concern about disturbance caused by quarrying, dredging and military activities were generally low, despite these factors having been raised by some as being conservation issues in west Scotland.
- 6. The majority of participants (69.4%) were aware of whaling operations currently being conducted by Japan and Norway. Almost all participants were against these countries hunting whales (96.4%).
- 7. Interviewees were also asked for their opinion regarding the level of protection currently afforded to cetaceans by the Scottish Government. Virtually no interviewee considered cetaceans to be overprotected in Scotland (0.4%). A substantial proportion were of the opinion that they are not sufficiently protected (45.6%). Of these, virtually all (94.8%) thought that legislation specifically for the protection of cetaceans in Scotland should be introduced.
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Giovanni Battista Palmegiano Francesco Gai Franco Daprà Laura Gasco Mario Pazzaglia & Pier Giorgio Peiretti 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(6):587-595
The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of diets with Spirulina and plant oils (POs) inclusion for white sturgeon weaning and their effects on the fatty acid (FA) composition of fish flesh. Three isoproteic (45%) and isoenergetic (21 MJ kg?1 DM) diets were formulated: one fish meal‐based diet integrated with fish oil (FMO) and two 40% Spirulina meal‐based diets integrated with corn (SPC) or soybean (SPS) oils respectively. One hundred and thirty‐five white sturgeon fingerlings (mean weight 17.5 g) were stocked randomly in nine fibreglass tanks. At the end of the trial, which lasted 71 days, the growth performance traits and somatic indexes were determined. The chemical composition, gross energy and FA profile were determined on the fish fillets. No significant effects were observed for the growth performances or fillet chemical composition. The FA profile of the fillets reflected those of the diets. In particular, the fillets of the fish fed with the SPC and SPS diets were lower in n‐3 FA, due to the substitution of fish oil (FO) with POs. It is possible to replace FO and meal in sturgeon; therefore, Spirulina meal integrated with POs could be a good alternative to sturgeon diet. 相似文献
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K. D. HYRENBACH C. KEIPER S. G. ALLEN D. G. AINLEY D. J. ANDERSON 《Fisheries Oceanography》2006,15(2):95-103
Quantifying the dispersion and habitats of far‐ranging seabirds, turtles, and cetaceans is essential to assess whether zoning strategies can help protect upper‐trophic marine predators. In this paper, we focus on Black‐footed Albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) use of three US national marine sanctuaries off central California: Cordell Bank, Gulf of the Farallones, and Monterey Bay. We assessed the significance of these protected areas to albatrosses by: (i) documenting commuting flights between Hawaiian breeding sites and the California Current System (CCS); (ii) quantifying albatross dispersion patterns on the central California continental shelf and slope, and (iii) characterizing albatross habitats within sanctuary waters using concurrent satellite‐tracking data and vessel‐based sightings. Chick‐rearing albatrosses commuted from their colony on Tern Island, Hawaii (23.878°N, 166.288°W), to the CCS (34–48°N) and two of the eight satellite‐tracked birds entered the marine sanctuaries. Among the telemetry locations within sanctuary waters, two‐thirds (24 of 36) straddled the shelf break and slope (201–2000‐m depth), a pattern underscored by a concurrent vessel‐based survey in which 144 Black‐footed Albatrosses were sighted. This study illustrates the value of coordinated satellite telemetry and vessel‐based surveys to assess the distributions of protected species within existing marine protected areas. More specifically, our results underscore the importance of three central California marine sanctuaries to Hawaiian albatrosses breeding in subtropical waters, approximately 4500 km away. 相似文献
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Abstract: The management of Japanese domestic fisheries for small cetaceans has been based on a traditional approach that involves only the best set of assumptions and data. However, uncertainty, which is pervasive and inevitable for most fisheries resources, often leads the traditional approach to serious failure. Here is presented the basic framework of a simulation-based approach with a simple Bayesian method that is applicable to Japanese fisheries for small cetaceans. For illustration, the simulation model was applied to Dall's porpoise data in order to investigate the robustness of several management procedures against uncertainty. The simulation showed that the current management procedure, based on only the best values, could fail to manage the stocks at a considerably high probability. However, the use of the conservative management procedure, potential biological removal, permits the sustainable harvesting of Dall's porpoise for at least 100 years into the future, even under uncertainty. In conjunction with a firm structure for implementation of management procedures, the spread of simulation-based approaches will quickly enable successful sustainable management of small cetaceans. 相似文献